# qbdi-based binary-only instrumentation for afl-fuzz

## 1) Introduction

The code in ./qbdi_mode allows you to build a standalone feature that
using the QBDI framework to fuzz android native library.


## 2) Build

First download the Android NDK

```
https://developer.android.com/ndk/downloads
https://dl.google.com/android/repository/android-ndk-r20-linux-x86_64.zip
```

Then unzip it and build the standalone-toolchain
For x86_64 standalone-toolchain

```
unzip android-ndk-r20-linux-x86_64.zip
cd android-ndk-r20/
./build/tools/make_standalone_toolchain.py --arch x86_64 --api 21 --install-dir ../android-standalone-toolchain-x86_64
```

For x86 standalone-toolchain

```
./build/tools/make_standalone_toolchain.py --arch x86 --api 21 --install-dir ../android-standalone-toolchain-x86
```

In alternative you can also use the prebuilt toolchain, in that case make sure to set the proper CC and CXX env variables because there are many different compilers for each API version in the prebuilt toolchain.

For example:

```
export STANDALONE_TOOLCHAIN_PATH=~/Android/Sdk/ndk/20.1.5948944/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/
export CC=x86_64-linux-android21-clang
export CXX=x86_64-linux-android21-clang++
```

Then download the QBDI SDK from website

```
https://qbdi.quarkslab.com/
```

For Android x86_64
```
https://github.com/QBDI/QBDI/releases/download/v0.7.0/QBDI-0.7.0-android-X86_64.tar.gz
```

Then decompress the sdk

```
mkdir android-qbdi-sdk-x86_64
cp QBDI-0.7.0-android-X86_64.tar.gz android-qbdi-sdk-x86_64/
cd android-qbdi-sdk-x86_64/
tar xvf QBDI-0.7.0-android-X86_64.tar.gz
```

Now set the `STANDALONE_TOOLCHAIN_PATH` to the path of standalone-toolchain 

```
export STANDALONE_TOOLCHAIN_PATH=/home/hac425/workspace/android-standalone-toolchain-x86_64
```

set the `QBDI_SDK_PATH` to the path of QBDI SDK

```
export QBDI_SDK_PATH=/home/hac425/workspace/AFLplusplus/qbdi_mode/android-qbdi-sdk-x86_64/
```

Then run the build.sh

```
./build.sh x86_64
```

this could build the afl-fuzz and also the qbdi template for android x86_64


### Example

The demo-so.c is an vulnerable library, it has a function for test

```c
int target_func(char *buf, int size) {

  printf("buffer:%p, size:%p\n", buf, size);
  switch (buf[0]) {

    case 1:
      puts("222");
      if (buf[1] == '\x44') {

        puts("null ptr deference");
        *(char *)(0) = 1;

      }

      break;
    case 0xff:
      if (buf[2] == '\xff') {

        if (buf[1] == '\x44') {

          puts("crash....");
          *(char *)(0xdeadbeef) = 1;

        }

      }

      break;
    default: puts("default action"); break;

  }

  return 1;

}
```

This could be build to `libdemo.so`.

Then we should load the library in template.cpp and find the `target` function address.
```c
    void *handle = dlopen(lib_path, RTLD_LAZY);
	..........................................
	..........................................
	..........................................
    p_target_func = (target_func)dlsym(handle, "target_func");
```

then we read the data from file and call the function in `fuzz_func`

```c
QBDI_NOINLINE int fuzz_func() {

  if (afl_setup()) { afl_forkserver(); }

  /* Read the input from file */
  unsigned long len = 0;
  char *        data = read_file(input_pathname, &len);

  /* Call the target function with the input data */
  p_target_func(data, len);
  return 1;

}
```

Just compile it
```
./build.sh x86_64
```

Then push the `afl-fuzz`, `loader`, `libdemo.so`, the `libQBDI.so` from the QBDI SDK and the `libc++_shared.so` from android-standalone-toolchain to android device

```
adb push afl-fuzz /data/local/tmp
adb push libdemo.so /data/local/tmp
adb push loader /data/local/tmp
adb push android-qbdi-sdk-x86_64/usr/local/lib/libQBDI.so /data/local/tmp
adb push ../../android-standalone-toolchain-x86_64/sysroot/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-android/libc++_shared.so
/data/local/tmp
```

In android adb shell, run the loader to test if it runs
```
cd /data/local/tmp
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/data/local/tmp
mkdir in
echo 0000 > in/1
./loader libdemo.so in/1
p_target_func:0x716d96a98600
	offset:0x600
	offset:0x580
buffer:0x716d96609050, size:0x5
	offset:0x628
	offset:0x646
	offset:0x64b
	offset:0x65c
	offset:0x6df
	offset:0x590
default action
	offset:0x6eb
```

Now run `afl-fuzz` to fuzz the demo library

```
./afl-fuzz -i in -o out -- ./loader /data/local/tmp/libdemo.so @@
```

![screen1](assets/screen1.png)