Initial revision

git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/jakarta/bcel/trunk@152690 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68

15 files changed, 1173 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/AssertionViolatedException.java b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/AssertionViolatedException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..91b8c6b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/AssertionViolatedException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+package org.apache.bcel.verifier.exc;
+
+/* ====================================================================
+ * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2001 The Apache Software Foundation.  All rights
+ * reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
+ *    if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
+ *       "This product includes software developed by the
+ *        Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
+ *    Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
+ *    if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
+ *
+ * 4. The names "Apache" and "Apache Software Foundation" and
+ *    "Apache BCEL" must not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without prior written permission. For
+ *    written permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
+ *
+ * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache",
+ *    "Apache BCEL", nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without
+ *    prior written permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
+ * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
+ * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Instances of this class should never be thrown. When such an instance is thrown,
+ * this is due to an INTERNAL ERROR of BCEL's class file verifier &quot;JustIce&quot;.
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ * @author <A HREF="http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/~ehaase"/>Enver Haase</A>
+ */
+public final class AssertionViolatedException extends RuntimeException{
+	/** The error message. */
+	private String detailMessage;
+	/** Constructs a new AssertionViolatedException with null as its error message string. */
+	public AssertionViolatedException(){
+		super();
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Constructs a new AssertionViolatedException with the specified error message preceded
+	 * by &quot;INTERNAL ERROR: &quot;.
+	 */
+	public AssertionViolatedException(String message){
+		super(message = "INTERNAL ERROR: "+message); // Thanks to Java, the constructor call here must be first.
+		detailMessage=message;
+	}
+	/** Extends the error message with a string before ("pre") and after ("post") the
+	    'old' error message. All of these three strings are allowed to be null, and null
+	    is always replaced by the empty string (""). In particular, after invoking this
+	    method, the error message of this object can no longer be null.
+	*/
+	public void extendMessage(String pre, String post){
+		if (pre  == null) pre="";
+		if (detailMessage == null) detailMessage="";
+		if (post == null) post="";
+		detailMessage = pre+detailMessage+post;
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Returns the error message string of this AssertionViolatedException object.
+	 * @return the error message string of this AssertionViolatedException.
+	 */
+	public String getMessage(){
+		return detailMessage;
+	}
+
+	/** 
+	 * DO NOT USE. It's for experimental testing during development only.
+	 */
+	public static void main(String[] args){
+		AssertionViolatedException ave = new AssertionViolatedException("Oops!");
+		ave.extendMessage("\nFOUND:\n\t","\nExiting!!\n");
+		throw ave;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the backtrace of this AssertionViolatedException as a String.
+	 * @return The backtrace of this AssertionViolatedException as a String.
+	 */
+	public String getStackTrace(){
+		return Utility.getStackTrace(this);
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/ClassConstraintException.java b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/ClassConstraintException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..11b67f24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/ClassConstraintException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package org.apache.bcel.verifier.exc;
+
+/* ====================================================================
+ * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2001 The Apache Software Foundation.  All rights
+ * reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
+ *    if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
+ *       "This product includes software developed by the
+ *        Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
+ *    Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
+ *    if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
+ *
+ * 4. The names "Apache" and "Apache Software Foundation" and
+ *    "Apache BCEL" must not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without prior written permission. For
+ *    written permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
+ *
+ * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache",
+ *    "Apache BCEL", nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without
+ *    prior written permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
+ * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
+ * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Instances of this class are thrown by BCEL's class file verifier "JustIce"
+ * when a class file to verify does not pass the verification pass 2 as described
+ * in the Java Virtual Machine specification, 2nd edition.
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ * @author <A HREF="http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/~ehaase"/>Enver Haase</A>
+ */
+public class ClassConstraintException extends VerificationException{
+	/** The specified error message. */
+	private String detailMessage;
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructs a new ClassConstraintException with null as its error message string.
+	 */
+	public ClassConstraintException(){
+		super();
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Constructs a new ClassConstraintException with the specified error message.
+	 */
+	public ClassConstraintException(String message){
+		super (message);
+		detailMessage = message;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/CodeConstraintException.java b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/CodeConstraintException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14dfd4f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/CodeConstraintException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package org.apache.bcel.verifier.exc;
+
+/* ====================================================================
+ * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2001 The Apache Software Foundation.  All rights
+ * reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
+ *    if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
+ *       "This product includes software developed by the
+ *        Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
+ *    Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
+ *    if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
+ *
+ * 4. The names "Apache" and "Apache Software Foundation" and
+ *    "Apache BCEL" must not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without prior written permission. For
+ *    written permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
+ *
+ * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache",
+ *    "Apache BCEL", nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without
+ *    prior written permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
+ * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
+ * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ */
+/**
+ * Instances of this class are thrown by BCEL's class file verifier "JustIce" when
+ * a class file does not pass the verification pass 3. Note that the pass 3 used by
+ * "JustIce" involves verification that is usually delayed to pass 4.
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ * @author <A HREF="http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/~ehaase"/>Enver Haase</A>
+ */
+public abstract class CodeConstraintException extends VerificationException{
+	/**
+	 * Constructs a new CodeConstraintException with null as its error message string.
+	 */
+	CodeConstraintException(){
+		super();
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Constructs a new CodeConstraintException with the specified error message.
+	 */
+	CodeConstraintException(String message){
+		super(message);
+	}	
+}
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/InvalidMethodException.java b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/InvalidMethodException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5101b632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/InvalidMethodException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package org.apache.bcel.verifier.exc;
+
+/* ====================================================================
+ * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2001 The Apache Software Foundation.  All rights
+ * reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
+ *    if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
+ *       "This product includes software developed by the
+ *        Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
+ *    Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
+ *    if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
+ *
+ * 4. The names "Apache" and "Apache Software Foundation" and
+ *    "Apache BCEL" must not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without prior written permission. For
+ *    written permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
+ *
+ * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache",
+ *    "Apache BCEL", nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without
+ *    prior written permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
+ * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
+ * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ */
+/**
+ * Instances of this class are thrown by BCEL's class file verifier "JustIce"
+ * when the verification of a method is requested that does not exist.
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ * @author <A HREF="http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/~ehaase"/>Enver Haase</A>
+ */
+public class InvalidMethodException extends RuntimeException{
+	/** Must not be no-args requested so there's always some error message. */
+	private InvalidMethodException(){}
+	
+	/** Constructs an InvalidMethodException with the specified detail message. */
+	public InvalidMethodException(String message){
+		super(message);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/LinkingConstraintException.java b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/LinkingConstraintException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6ca913c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/LinkingConstraintException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package org.apache.bcel.verifier.exc;
+
+/* ====================================================================
+ * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2001 The Apache Software Foundation.  All rights
+ * reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
+ *    if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
+ *       "This product includes software developed by the
+ *        Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
+ *    Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
+ *    if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
+ *
+ * 4. The names "Apache" and "Apache Software Foundation" and
+ *    "Apache BCEL" must not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without prior written permission. For
+ *    written permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
+ *
+ * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache",
+ *    "Apache BCEL", nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without
+ *    prior written permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
+ * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
+ * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ */
+/**
+ * Instances of this class are thrown by BCEL's class file verifier "JustIce" when
+ * a class file to verify does not pass the verification pass 3 because of a violation
+ * of a constraint that is usually only verified at run-time (pass 4).
+ * The Java Virtual Machine Specification, 2nd edition, states that certain constraints
+ * are usually verified at run-time for performance reasons (the verification of those
+ * constraints requires loading in and recursively verifying referenced classes) that
+ * conceptually belong to pass 3; to be precise, that conceptually belong to the
+ * data flow analysis of pass 3 (called pass 3b in JustIce).
+ * These are the checks necessary for resolution: Compare pages 142-143 ("4.9.1 The
+ * Verification Process") and pages 50-51 ("2.17.3 Linking: Verification, Preparation,
+ * and Resolution") of the above mentioned book.
+ * <B>TODO: At this time, this class is not used in JustIce.</B>
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ * @author <A HREF="http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/~ehaase"/>Enver Haase</A>
+ */
+public class LinkingConstraintException extends StructuralCodeConstraintException{
+}
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/LoadingException.java b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/LoadingException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e17e6cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/LoadingException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package org.apache.bcel.verifier.exc;
+
+/* ====================================================================
+ * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2001 The Apache Software Foundation.  All rights
+ * reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
+ *    if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
+ *       "This product includes software developed by the
+ *        Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
+ *    Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
+ *    if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
+ *
+ * 4. The names "Apache" and "Apache Software Foundation" and
+ *    "Apache BCEL" must not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without prior written permission. For
+ *    written permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
+ *
+ * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache",
+ *    "Apache BCEL", nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without
+ *    prior written permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
+ * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
+ * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * When loading a class file, BCEL will throw an instance of LoadingException if
+ * the class file is malformed; so it is not conforming to the "Pass 1" verification
+ * process as described in the Java Virtual Machine specification, 2nd. edition.
+ * @version $Id$
+ * @author <A HREF="http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/~ehaase"/>Enver Haase</A>
+ */
+public class LoadingException extends VerifierConstraintViolatedException{
+	/** The specified error message. */
+	private String detailMessage;
+   
+	/**
+	 * Constructs a new LoadingException with null as its error message string.
+	 */
+	public LoadingException(){
+		super();
+	}
+                   
+	/**
+	 * Constructs a new LoadingException with the specified error message.
+	 */
+	public LoadingException(String message){
+		super (message);
+		detailMessage = message;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/LocalVariableInfoInconsistentException.java b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/LocalVariableInfoInconsistentException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a52743d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/LocalVariableInfoInconsistentException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package org.apache.bcel.verifier.exc;
+
+/* ====================================================================
+ * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2001 The Apache Software Foundation.  All rights
+ * reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
+ *    if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
+ *       "This product includes software developed by the
+ *        Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
+ *    Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
+ *    if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
+ *
+ * 4. The names "Apache" and "Apache Software Foundation" and
+ *    "Apache BCEL" must not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without prior written permission. For
+ *    written permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
+ *
+ * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache",
+ *    "Apache BCEL", nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without
+ *    prior written permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
+ * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
+ * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A LocalVariableInfoInconsistentException instance is thrown by
+ * the LocalVariableInfo class when it detects that the information
+ * it holds is inconsistent; this is normally due to inconsistent
+ * LocalVariableTable entries in the Code attribute of a certain
+ * Method object.
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ * @author <A HREF="http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/~ehaase"/>Enver Haase</A>
+ */
+public class LocalVariableInfoInconsistentException extends ClassConstraintException{
+	/**
+	 * Constructs a new LocalVariableInfoInconsistentException with null as its error message string.
+	 */
+	public LocalVariableInfoInconsistentException(){
+		super();
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Constructs a new LocalVariableInfoInconsistentException with the specified error message.
+	 */
+	public LocalVariableInfoInconsistentException(String message){
+		super (message);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/StaticCodeConstraintException.java b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/StaticCodeConstraintException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..86b0fd3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/StaticCodeConstraintException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package org.apache.bcel.verifier.exc;
+
+/* ====================================================================
+ * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2001 The Apache Software Foundation.  All rights
+ * reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
+ *    if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
+ *       "This product includes software developed by the
+ *        Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
+ *    Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
+ *    if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
+ *
+ * 4. The names "Apache" and "Apache Software Foundation" and
+ *    "Apache BCEL" must not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without prior written permission. For
+ *    written permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
+ *
+ * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache",
+ *    "Apache BCEL", nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without
+ *    prior written permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
+ * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
+ * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Instances of this class are thrown by BCEL's class file verifier "JustIce" when
+ * a class file to verify does not pass the verification pass 3 because of a violation
+ * of a static constraint as described in the Java Virtual Machine Specification,
+ * 2nd edition, 4.8.1, pages 133-137. The static constraints checking part of pass 3
+ * is called pass 3a in JustIce.
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ * @author <A HREF="http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/~ehaase"/>Enver Haase</A>
+ */
+public abstract class StaticCodeConstraintException extends CodeConstraintException{
+	public StaticCodeConstraintException(String message){
+		super(message);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/StaticCodeInstructionConstraintException.java b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/StaticCodeInstructionConstraintException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..43a8a3f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/StaticCodeInstructionConstraintException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package org.apache.bcel.verifier.exc;
+
+/* ====================================================================
+ * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2001 The Apache Software Foundation.  All rights
+ * reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
+ *    if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
+ *       "This product includes software developed by the
+ *        Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
+ *    Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
+ *    if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
+ *
+ * 4. The names "Apache" and "Apache Software Foundation" and
+ *    "Apache BCEL" must not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without prior written permission. For
+ *    written permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
+ *
+ * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache",
+ *    "Apache BCEL", nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without
+ *    prior written permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
+ * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
+ * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Instances of this class are thrown by BCEL's class file verifier "JustIce" when
+ * a class file to verify does not pass the verification pass 3 because of a violation
+ * of a static constraint as described in the Java Virtual Machine Specification,
+ * Second edition, 4.8.1, pages 133-137. The static constraints checking part of pass 3
+ * is called pass 3a in JustIce.
+ * Static constraints on the instructions in the code array are checked early in
+ * pass 3a and are described on page 134 in the Java Virtual Machine Specification,
+ * Second Edition.
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ * @author <A HREF="http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/~ehaase"/>Enver Haase</A>
+ */
+public class StaticCodeInstructionConstraintException extends StaticCodeConstraintException{
+	public StaticCodeInstructionConstraintException(String message){
+		super(message);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/StaticCodeInstructionOperandConstraintException.java b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/StaticCodeInstructionOperandConstraintException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3825a741
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/StaticCodeInstructionOperandConstraintException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package org.apache.bcel.verifier.exc;
+
+/* ====================================================================
+ * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2001 The Apache Software Foundation.  All rights
+ * reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
+ *    if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
+ *       "This product includes software developed by the
+ *        Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
+ *    Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
+ *    if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
+ *
+ * 4. The names "Apache" and "Apache Software Foundation" and
+ *    "Apache BCEL" must not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without prior written permission. For
+ *    written permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
+ *
+ * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache",
+ *    "Apache BCEL", nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without
+ *    prior written permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
+ * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
+ * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Instances of this class are thrown by BCEL's class file verifier "JustIce" when
+ * a class file to verify does not pass the verification pass 3 because of a violation
+ * of a static constraint as described in the Java Virtual Machine Specification,
+ * Second edition, 4.8.1, pages 133-137. The static constraints checking part of pass 3
+ * is called pass 3a in JustIce.
+ * Static constraints on the operands of instructions in the code array are checked late in
+ * pass 3a and are described on page 134-137 in the Java Virtual Machine Specification,
+ * Second Edition.
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ * @author <A HREF="http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/~ehaase"/>Enver Haase</A>
+ */
+public class StaticCodeInstructionOperandConstraintException extends StaticCodeConstraintException{
+	public StaticCodeInstructionOperandConstraintException(String message){
+		super(message);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/StructuralCodeConstraintException.java b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/StructuralCodeConstraintException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..946f1044
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/StructuralCodeConstraintException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package org.apache.bcel.verifier.exc;
+
+/* ====================================================================
+ * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2001 The Apache Software Foundation.  All rights
+ * reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
+ *    if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
+ *       "This product includes software developed by the
+ *        Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
+ *    Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
+ *    if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
+ *
+ * 4. The names "Apache" and "Apache Software Foundation" and
+ *    "Apache BCEL" must not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without prior written permission. For
+ *    written permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
+ *
+ * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache",
+ *    "Apache BCEL", nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without
+ *    prior written permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
+ * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
+ * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ */
+/**
+ * Instances of this class are thrown by BCEL's class file verifier "JustIce" when
+ * a class file to verify does not pass the verification pass 3 because of a violation
+ * of a structural constraint as described in the Java Virtual Machine Specification,
+ * 2nd edition, 4.8.2, pages 137-139.
+ * Note that the notion of a "structural" constraint is somewhat misleading. Structural
+ * constraints are constraints on relationships between Java virtual machine instructions.
+ * These are the constraints where data-flow analysis is needed to verify if they hold.
+ * The data flow analysis of pass 3 is called pass 3b in JustIce.
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ * @author <A HREF="http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/~ehaase"/>Enver Haase</A>
+ */
+public class StructuralCodeConstraintException extends CodeConstraintException{
+	/**
+	 * Constructs a new StructuralCodeConstraintException with the specified error message.
+	 */
+	public StructuralCodeConstraintException(String message){
+		super(message);
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Constructs a new StructuralCodeConstraintException with null as its error message string.
+	 */
+	public StructuralCodeConstraintException(){
+		super();
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/Utility.java b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/Utility.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..01b80cea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/Utility.java
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package org.apache.bcel.verifier.exc;
+
+/* ====================================================================
+ * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2001 The Apache Software Foundation.  All rights
+ * reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
+ *    if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
+ *       "This product includes software developed by the
+ *        Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
+ *    Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
+ *    if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
+ *
+ * 4. The names "Apache" and "Apache Software Foundation" and
+ *    "Apache BCEL" must not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without prior written permission. For
+ *    written permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
+ *
+ * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache",
+ *    "Apache BCEL", nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without
+ *    prior written permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
+ * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
+ * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ */
+
+import java.io.*;
+
+/**
+ * A utility class providing convenience methods concerning Throwable instances.
+ * @version $Id$
+ * @author <A HREF="http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/~ehaase"/>Enver Haase</A>
+ * @see java.lang.Throwable
+ */
+public final class Utility{
+	/** This class is not instantiable. */
+	private Utility(){}
+
+	/** This method returns the stack trace of a Throwable instance as a String. */
+	public static String getStackTrace(Throwable t){
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(sw);
+		t.printStackTrace(pw);
+		return sw.toString();
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/VerificationException.java b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/VerificationException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d8d473fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/VerificationException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package org.apache.bcel.verifier.exc;
+
+/* ====================================================================
+ * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2001 The Apache Software Foundation.  All rights
+ * reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
+ *    if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
+ *       "This product includes software developed by the
+ *        Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
+ *    Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
+ *    if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
+ *
+ * 4. The names "Apache" and "Apache Software Foundation" and
+ *    "Apache BCEL" must not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without prior written permission. For
+ *    written permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
+ *
+ * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache",
+ *    "Apache BCEL", nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without
+ *    prior written permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
+ * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
+ * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Instances of this class are thrown by BCEL's class file verifier "JustIce" when a
+ * class file to verify does not pass one of the verification passes 2 or 3.
+ * Note that the pass 3 used by "JustIce" involves verification that is usually
+ * delayed to pass 4.
+ * The name of this class is justified by the Java Virtual Machine Specification, 2nd
+ * edition, page 164, 5.4.1 where verification as a part of the linking process is
+ * defined to be the verification happening in passes 2 and 3.
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ * @author <A HREF="http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/~ehaase"/>Enver Haase</A>
+ */
+public abstract class VerificationException extends VerifierConstraintViolatedException{
+	/**
+	 * Constructs a new VerificationException with null as its error message string.
+	 */
+	VerificationException(){
+		super();
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Constructs a new VerificationException with the specified error message.
+	 */
+	VerificationException(String message){
+		super(message);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/VerifierConstraintViolatedException.java b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/VerifierConstraintViolatedException.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..65dd1e96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/VerifierConstraintViolatedException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package org.apache.bcel.verifier.exc;
+
+/* ====================================================================
+ * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2001 The Apache Software Foundation.  All rights
+ * reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
+ *    if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
+ *       "This product includes software developed by the
+ *        Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
+ *    Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
+ *    if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
+ *
+ * 4. The names "Apache" and "Apache Software Foundation" and
+ *    "Apache BCEL" must not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without prior written permission. For
+ *    written permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
+ *
+ * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache",
+ *    "Apache BCEL", nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without
+ *    prior written permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
+ * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
+ * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Instances of this class are thrown by BCEL's class file verifier "JustIce"
+ * whenever
+ * verification proves that some constraint of a class file (as stated in the
+ * Java Virtual Machine Specification, Edition 2) is violated.
+ * This is roughly equivalent to the VerifyError the JVM-internal verifiers
+ * throw.
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ * @author <A HREF="http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/~ehaase"/>Enver Haase</A>
+ */
+public abstract class VerifierConstraintViolatedException extends RuntimeException{
+	// /** The name of the offending class that did not pass the verifier. */
+	// String name_of_offending_class;
+
+	/** The specified error message. */
+	private String detailMessage;
+	/**
+	 * Constructs a new VerifierConstraintViolatedException with null as its error message string.
+	 */
+	VerifierConstraintViolatedException(){
+		super();
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Constructs a new VerifierConstraintViolatedException with the specified error message.
+	 */
+	VerifierConstraintViolatedException(String message){
+		super(message); // Not that important
+		detailMessage = message;
+	}
+
+
+	/** Extends the error message with a string before ("pre") and after ("post") the
+	    'old' error message. All of these three strings are allowed to be null, and null
+	    is always replaced by the empty string (""). In particular, after invoking this
+	    method, the error message of this object can no longer be null.
+	*/
+	public void extendMessage(String pre, String post){
+		if (pre  == null) pre="";
+		if (detailMessage == null) detailMessage="";
+		if (post == null) post="";
+		detailMessage = pre+detailMessage+post;
+	}
+	/**
+	 * Returns the error message string of this VerifierConstraintViolatedException object.
+	 * @return the error message string of this VerifierConstraintViolatedException.
+	 */
+	public String getMessage(){
+		return detailMessage;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/package.html b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/package.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d04b1b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/bcel/verifier/exc/package.html
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<!--
+$Id$
+-->
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="white">
+
+Exception classes used by JustIce, mostly used internally. You don't need to bother with them.
+
+<h2>Package Specification</h2>
+
+Contained in this package are Exception classes for use with the JustIce verifier.
+
+<h2>Related Documentation</h2>
+
+For a simple demonstration of JustIce working, please see:
+<ul>
+  <li><a href="http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/~ehaase/cgi-html/Verifier.html">A WWW front-end for JustIce.</a>
+</ul>
+
+</body>
+</html>