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+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.math3.stat.descriptive.moment;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+
+import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NullArgumentException;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.util.MathUtils;
+
+/**
+ * Computes a statistic related to the Second Central Moment. Specifically,
+ * what is computed is the sum of squared deviations from the sample mean.
+ * <p>
+ * The following recursive updating formula is used:</p>
+ * <p>
+ * Let <ul>
+ * <li> dev = (current obs - previous mean) </li>
+ * <li> n = number of observations (including current obs) </li>
+ * </ul>
+ * Then</p>
+ * <p>
+ * new value = old value + dev^2 * (n -1) / n.</p>
+ * <p>
+ * Returns <code>Double.NaN</code> if no data values have been added and
+ * returns <code>0</code> if there is just one value in the data set.
+ * Note that Double.NaN may also be returned if the input includes NaN
+ * and / or infinite values.</p>
+ * <p>
+ * <strong>Note that this implementation is not synchronized.</strong> If
+ * multiple threads access an instance of this class concurrently, and at least
+ * one of the threads invokes the <code>increment()</code> or
+ * <code>clear()</code> method, it must be synchronized externally.</p>
+ *
+ */
+public class SecondMoment extends FirstMoment implements Serializable {
+
+ /** Serializable version identifier */
+ private static final long serialVersionUID = 3942403127395076445L;
+
+ /** second moment of values that have been added */
+ protected double m2;
+
+ /**
+ * Create a SecondMoment instance
+ */
+ public SecondMoment() {
+ super();
+ m2 = Double.NaN;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Copy constructor, creates a new {@code SecondMoment} identical
+ * to the {@code original}
+ *
+ * @param original the {@code SecondMoment} instance to copy
+ * @throws NullArgumentException if original is null
+ */
+ public SecondMoment(SecondMoment original)
+ throws NullArgumentException {
+ super(original);
+ this.m2 = original.m2;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * {@inheritDoc}
+ */
+ @Override
+ public void increment(final double d) {
+ if (n < 1) {
+ m1 = m2 = 0.0;
+ }
+ super.increment(d);
+ m2 += ((double) n - 1) * dev * nDev;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * {@inheritDoc}
+ */
+ @Override
+ public void clear() {
+ super.clear();
+ m2 = Double.NaN;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * {@inheritDoc}
+ */
+ @Override
+ public double getResult() {
+ return m2;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * {@inheritDoc}
+ */
+ @Override
+ public SecondMoment copy() {
+ SecondMoment result = new SecondMoment();
+ // no try-catch or advertised NAE because args are guaranteed non-null
+ copy(this, result);
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Copies source to dest.
+ * <p>Neither source nor dest can be null.</p>
+ *
+ * @param source SecondMoment to copy
+ * @param dest SecondMoment to copy to
+ * @throws NullArgumentException if either source or dest is null
+ */
+ public static void copy(SecondMoment source, SecondMoment dest)
+ throws NullArgumentException {
+ MathUtils.checkNotNull(source);
+ MathUtils.checkNotNull(dest);
+ FirstMoment.copy(source, dest);
+ dest.m2 = source.m2;
+ }
+
+}