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diff --git a/doc/bench/db_bench_tree_db.cc b/doc/bench/db_bench_tree_db.cc
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+// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <kcpolydb.h>
+#include "util/histogram.h"
+#include "util/random.h"
+#include "util/testutil.h"
+
+// Comma-separated list of operations to run in the specified order
+// Actual benchmarks:
+//
+// fillseq -- write N values in sequential key order in async mode
+// fillrandom -- write N values in random key order in async mode
+// overwrite -- overwrite N values in random key order in async mode
+// fillseqsync -- write N/100 values in sequential key order in sync mode
+// fillrandsync -- write N/100 values in random key order in sync mode
+// fillrand100K -- write N/1000 100K values in random order in async mode
+// fillseq100K -- write N/1000 100K values in seq order in async mode
+// readseq -- read N times sequentially
+// readseq100K -- read N/1000 100K values in sequential order in async mode
+// readrand100K -- read N/1000 100K values in sequential order in async mode
+// readrandom -- read N times in random order
+static const char* FLAGS_benchmarks =
+ "fillseq,"
+ "fillseqsync,"
+ "fillrandsync,"
+ "fillrandom,"
+ "overwrite,"
+ "readrandom,"
+ "readseq,"
+ "fillrand100K,"
+ "fillseq100K,"
+ "readseq100K,"
+ "readrand100K,"
+ ;
+
+// Number of key/values to place in database
+static int FLAGS_num = 1000000;
+
+// Number of read operations to do. If negative, do FLAGS_num reads.
+static int FLAGS_reads = -1;
+
+// Size of each value
+static int FLAGS_value_size = 100;
+
+// Arrange to generate values that shrink to this fraction of
+// their original size after compression
+static double FLAGS_compression_ratio = 0.5;
+
+// Print histogram of operation timings
+static bool FLAGS_histogram = false;
+
+// Cache size. Default 4 MB
+static int FLAGS_cache_size = 4194304;
+
+// Page size. Default 1 KB
+static int FLAGS_page_size = 1024;
+
+// If true, do not destroy the existing database. If you set this
+// flag and also specify a benchmark that wants a fresh database, that
+// benchmark will fail.
+static bool FLAGS_use_existing_db = false;
+
+// Compression flag. If true, compression is on. If false, compression
+// is off.
+static bool FLAGS_compression = true;
+
+// Use the db with the following name.
+static const char* FLAGS_db = NULL;
+
+inline
+static void DBSynchronize(kyotocabinet::TreeDB* db_)
+{
+ // Synchronize will flush writes to disk
+ if (!db_->synchronize()) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "synchronize error: %s\n", db_->error().name());
+ }
+}
+
+namespace leveldb {
+
+// Helper for quickly generating random data.
+namespace {
+class RandomGenerator {
+ private:
+ std::string data_;
+ int pos_;
+
+ public:
+ RandomGenerator() {
+ // We use a limited amount of data over and over again and ensure
+ // that it is larger than the compression window (32KB), and also
+ // large enough to serve all typical value sizes we want to write.
+ Random rnd(301);
+ std::string piece;
+ while (data_.size() < 1048576) {
+ // Add a short fragment that is as compressible as specified
+ // by FLAGS_compression_ratio.
+ test::CompressibleString(&rnd, FLAGS_compression_ratio, 100, &piece);
+ data_.append(piece);
+ }
+ pos_ = 0;
+ }
+
+ Slice Generate(int len) {
+ if (pos_ + len > data_.size()) {
+ pos_ = 0;
+ assert(len < data_.size());
+ }
+ pos_ += len;
+ return Slice(data_.data() + pos_ - len, len);
+ }
+};
+
+static Slice TrimSpace(Slice s) {
+ int start = 0;
+ while (start < s.size() && isspace(s[start])) {
+ start++;
+ }
+ int limit = s.size();
+ while (limit > start && isspace(s[limit-1])) {
+ limit--;
+ }
+ return Slice(s.data() + start, limit - start);
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+class Benchmark {
+ private:
+ kyotocabinet::TreeDB* db_;
+ int db_num_;
+ int num_;
+ int reads_;
+ double start_;
+ double last_op_finish_;
+ int64_t bytes_;
+ std::string message_;
+ Histogram hist_;
+ RandomGenerator gen_;
+ Random rand_;
+ kyotocabinet::LZOCompressor<kyotocabinet::LZO::RAW> comp_;
+
+ // State kept for progress messages
+ int done_;
+ int next_report_; // When to report next
+
+ void PrintHeader() {
+ const int kKeySize = 16;
+ PrintEnvironment();
+ fprintf(stdout, "Keys: %d bytes each\n", kKeySize);
+ fprintf(stdout, "Values: %d bytes each (%d bytes after compression)\n",
+ FLAGS_value_size,
+ static_cast<int>(FLAGS_value_size * FLAGS_compression_ratio + 0.5));
+ fprintf(stdout, "Entries: %d\n", num_);
+ fprintf(stdout, "RawSize: %.1f MB (estimated)\n",
+ ((static_cast<int64_t>(kKeySize + FLAGS_value_size) * num_)
+ / 1048576.0));
+ fprintf(stdout, "FileSize: %.1f MB (estimated)\n",
+ (((kKeySize + FLAGS_value_size * FLAGS_compression_ratio) * num_)
+ / 1048576.0));
+ PrintWarnings();
+ fprintf(stdout, "------------------------------------------------\n");
+ }
+
+ void PrintWarnings() {
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__OPTIMIZE__)
+ fprintf(stdout,
+ "WARNING: Optimization is disabled: benchmarks unnecessarily slow\n"
+ );
+#endif
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+ fprintf(stdout,
+ "WARNING: Assertions are enabled; benchmarks unnecessarily slow\n");
+#endif
+ }
+
+ void PrintEnvironment() {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Kyoto Cabinet: version %s, lib ver %d, lib rev %d\n",
+ kyotocabinet::VERSION, kyotocabinet::LIBVER, kyotocabinet::LIBREV);
+
+#if defined(__linux)
+ time_t now = time(NULL);
+ fprintf(stderr, "Date: %s", ctime(&now)); // ctime() adds newline
+
+ FILE* cpuinfo = fopen("/proc/cpuinfo", "r");
+ if (cpuinfo != NULL) {
+ char line[1000];
+ int num_cpus = 0;
+ std::string cpu_type;
+ std::string cache_size;
+ while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), cpuinfo) != NULL) {
+ const char* sep = strchr(line, ':');
+ if (sep == NULL) {
+ continue;
+ }
+ Slice key = TrimSpace(Slice(line, sep - 1 - line));
+ Slice val = TrimSpace(Slice(sep + 1));
+ if (key == "model name") {
+ ++num_cpus;
+ cpu_type = val.ToString();
+ } else if (key == "cache size") {
+ cache_size = val.ToString();
+ }
+ }
+ fclose(cpuinfo);
+ fprintf(stderr, "CPU: %d * %s\n", num_cpus, cpu_type.c_str());
+ fprintf(stderr, "CPUCache: %s\n", cache_size.c_str());
+ }
+#endif
+ }
+
+ void Start() {
+ start_ = Env::Default()->NowMicros() * 1e-6;
+ bytes_ = 0;
+ message_.clear();
+ last_op_finish_ = start_;
+ hist_.Clear();
+ done_ = 0;
+ next_report_ = 100;
+ }
+
+ void FinishedSingleOp() {
+ if (FLAGS_histogram) {
+ double now = Env::Default()->NowMicros() * 1e-6;
+ double micros = (now - last_op_finish_) * 1e6;
+ hist_.Add(micros);
+ if (micros > 20000) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "long op: %.1f micros%30s\r", micros, "");
+ fflush(stderr);
+ }
+ last_op_finish_ = now;
+ }
+
+ done_++;
+ if (done_ >= next_report_) {
+ if (next_report_ < 1000) next_report_ += 100;
+ else if (next_report_ < 5000) next_report_ += 500;
+ else if (next_report_ < 10000) next_report_ += 1000;
+ else if (next_report_ < 50000) next_report_ += 5000;
+ else if (next_report_ < 100000) next_report_ += 10000;
+ else if (next_report_ < 500000) next_report_ += 50000;
+ else next_report_ += 100000;
+ fprintf(stderr, "... finished %d ops%30s\r", done_, "");
+ fflush(stderr);
+ }
+ }
+
+ void Stop(const Slice& name) {
+ double finish = Env::Default()->NowMicros() * 1e-6;
+
+ // Pretend at least one op was done in case we are running a benchmark
+ // that does not call FinishedSingleOp().
+ if (done_ < 1) done_ = 1;
+
+ if (bytes_ > 0) {
+ char rate[100];
+ snprintf(rate, sizeof(rate), "%6.1f MB/s",
+ (bytes_ / 1048576.0) / (finish - start_));
+ if (!message_.empty()) {
+ message_ = std::string(rate) + " " + message_;
+ } else {
+ message_ = rate;
+ }
+ }
+
+ fprintf(stdout, "%-12s : %11.3f micros/op;%s%s\n",
+ name.ToString().c_str(),
+ (finish - start_) * 1e6 / done_,
+ (message_.empty() ? "" : " "),
+ message_.c_str());
+ if (FLAGS_histogram) {
+ fprintf(stdout, "Microseconds per op:\n%s\n", hist_.ToString().c_str());
+ }
+ fflush(stdout);
+ }
+
+ public:
+ enum Order {
+ SEQUENTIAL,
+ RANDOM
+ };
+ enum DBState {
+ FRESH,
+ EXISTING
+ };
+
+ Benchmark()
+ : db_(NULL),
+ num_(FLAGS_num),
+ reads_(FLAGS_reads < 0 ? FLAGS_num : FLAGS_reads),
+ bytes_(0),
+ rand_(301) {
+ std::vector<std::string> files;
+ std::string test_dir;
+ Env::Default()->GetTestDirectory(&test_dir);
+ Env::Default()->GetChildren(test_dir.c_str(), &files);
+ if (!FLAGS_use_existing_db) {
+ for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
+ if (Slice(files[i]).starts_with("dbbench_polyDB")) {
+ std::string file_name(test_dir);
+ file_name += "/";
+ file_name += files[i];
+ Env::Default()->DeleteFile(file_name.c_str());
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ ~Benchmark() {
+ if (!db_->close()) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "close error: %s\n", db_->error().name());
+ }
+ }
+
+ void Run() {
+ PrintHeader();
+ Open(false);
+
+ const char* benchmarks = FLAGS_benchmarks;
+ while (benchmarks != NULL) {
+ const char* sep = strchr(benchmarks, ',');
+ Slice name;
+ if (sep == NULL) {
+ name = benchmarks;
+ benchmarks = NULL;
+ } else {
+ name = Slice(benchmarks, sep - benchmarks);
+ benchmarks = sep + 1;
+ }
+
+ Start();
+
+ bool known = true;
+ bool write_sync = false;
+ if (name == Slice("fillseq")) {
+ Write(write_sync, SEQUENTIAL, FRESH, num_, FLAGS_value_size, 1);
+
+ } else if (name == Slice("fillrandom")) {
+ Write(write_sync, RANDOM, FRESH, num_, FLAGS_value_size, 1);
+ DBSynchronize(db_);
+ } else if (name == Slice("overwrite")) {
+ Write(write_sync, RANDOM, EXISTING, num_, FLAGS_value_size, 1);
+ DBSynchronize(db_);
+ } else if (name == Slice("fillrandsync")) {
+ write_sync = true;
+ Write(write_sync, RANDOM, FRESH, num_ / 100, FLAGS_value_size, 1);
+ DBSynchronize(db_);
+ } else if (name == Slice("fillseqsync")) {
+ write_sync = true;
+ Write(write_sync, SEQUENTIAL, FRESH, num_ / 100, FLAGS_value_size, 1);
+ DBSynchronize(db_);
+ } else if (name == Slice("fillrand100K")) {
+ Write(write_sync, RANDOM, FRESH, num_ / 1000, 100 * 1000, 1);
+ DBSynchronize(db_);
+ } else if (name == Slice("fillseq100K")) {
+ Write(write_sync, SEQUENTIAL, FRESH, num_ / 1000, 100 * 1000, 1);
+ DBSynchronize(db_);
+ } else if (name == Slice("readseq")) {
+ ReadSequential();
+ } else if (name == Slice("readrandom")) {
+ ReadRandom();
+ } else if (name == Slice("readrand100K")) {
+ int n = reads_;
+ reads_ /= 1000;
+ ReadRandom();
+ reads_ = n;
+ } else if (name == Slice("readseq100K")) {
+ int n = reads_;
+ reads_ /= 1000;
+ ReadSequential();
+ reads_ = n;
+ } else {
+ known = false;
+ if (name != Slice()) { // No error message for empty name
+ fprintf(stderr, "unknown benchmark '%s'\n", name.ToString().c_str());
+ }
+ }
+ if (known) {
+ Stop(name);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ private:
+ void Open(bool sync) {
+ assert(db_ == NULL);
+
+ // Initialize db_
+ db_ = new kyotocabinet::TreeDB();
+ char file_name[100];
+ db_num_++;
+ std::string test_dir;
+ Env::Default()->GetTestDirectory(&test_dir);
+ snprintf(file_name, sizeof(file_name),
+ "%s/dbbench_polyDB-%d.kct",
+ test_dir.c_str(),
+ db_num_);
+
+ // Create tuning options and open the database
+ int open_options = kyotocabinet::PolyDB::OWRITER |
+ kyotocabinet::PolyDB::OCREATE;
+ int tune_options = kyotocabinet::TreeDB::TSMALL |
+ kyotocabinet::TreeDB::TLINEAR;
+ if (FLAGS_compression) {
+ tune_options |= kyotocabinet::TreeDB::TCOMPRESS;
+ db_->tune_compressor(&comp_);
+ }
+ db_->tune_options(tune_options);
+ db_->tune_page_cache(FLAGS_cache_size);
+ db_->tune_page(FLAGS_page_size);
+ db_->tune_map(256LL<<20);
+ if (sync) {
+ open_options |= kyotocabinet::PolyDB::OAUTOSYNC;
+ }
+ if (!db_->open(file_name, open_options)) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "open error: %s\n", db_->error().name());
+ }
+ }
+
+ void Write(bool sync, Order order, DBState state,
+ int num_entries, int value_size, int entries_per_batch) {
+ // Create new database if state == FRESH
+ if (state == FRESH) {
+ if (FLAGS_use_existing_db) {
+ message_ = "skipping (--use_existing_db is true)";
+ return;
+ }
+ delete db_;
+ db_ = NULL;
+ Open(sync);
+ Start(); // Do not count time taken to destroy/open
+ }
+
+ if (num_entries != num_) {
+ char msg[100];
+ snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "(%d ops)", num_entries);
+ message_ = msg;
+ }
+
+ // Write to database
+ for (int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
+ {
+ const int k = (order == SEQUENTIAL) ? i : (rand_.Next() % num_entries);
+ char key[100];
+ snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "%016d", k);
+ bytes_ += value_size + strlen(key);
+ std::string cpp_key = key;
+ if (!db_->set(cpp_key, gen_.Generate(value_size).ToString())) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "set error: %s\n", db_->error().name());
+ }
+ FinishedSingleOp();
+ }
+ }
+
+ void ReadSequential() {
+ kyotocabinet::DB::Cursor* cur = db_->cursor();
+ cur->jump();
+ std::string ckey, cvalue;
+ while (cur->get(&ckey, &cvalue, true)) {
+ bytes_ += ckey.size() + cvalue.size();
+ FinishedSingleOp();
+ }
+ delete cur;
+ }
+
+ void ReadRandom() {
+ std::string value;
+ for (int i = 0; i < reads_; i++) {
+ char key[100];
+ const int k = rand_.Next() % reads_;
+ snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "%016d", k);
+ db_->get(key, &value);
+ FinishedSingleOp();
+ }
+ }
+};
+
+} // namespace leveldb
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+ std::string default_db_path;
+ for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+ double d;
+ int n;
+ char junk;
+ if (leveldb::Slice(argv[i]).starts_with("--benchmarks=")) {
+ FLAGS_benchmarks = argv[i] + strlen("--benchmarks=");
+ } else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--compression_ratio=%lf%c", &d, &junk) == 1) {
+ FLAGS_compression_ratio = d;
+ } else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--histogram=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
+ (n == 0 || n == 1)) {
+ FLAGS_histogram = n;
+ } else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--num=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
+ FLAGS_num = n;
+ } else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--reads=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
+ FLAGS_reads = n;
+ } else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--value_size=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
+ FLAGS_value_size = n;
+ } else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--cache_size=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
+ FLAGS_cache_size = n;
+ } else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--page_size=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
+ FLAGS_page_size = n;
+ } else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--compression=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
+ (n == 0 || n == 1)) {
+ FLAGS_compression = (n == 1) ? true : false;
+ } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "--db=", 5) == 0) {
+ FLAGS_db = argv[i] + 5;
+ } else {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Invalid flag '%s'\n", argv[i]);
+ exit(1);
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Choose a location for the test database if none given with --db=<path>
+ if (FLAGS_db == NULL) {
+ leveldb::Env::Default()->GetTestDirectory(&default_db_path);
+ default_db_path += "/dbbench";
+ FLAGS_db = default_db_path.c_str();
+ }
+
+ leveldb::Benchmark benchmark;
+ benchmark.Run();
+ return 0;
+}
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