path: root/pahole.c

/*
  SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only

  Copyright (C) 2006 Mandriva Conectiva S.A.
  Copyright (C) 2006 Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@mandriva.com>
  Copyright (C) 2007- Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
*/

#include <argp.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <dwarf.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <search.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "dwarves_reorganize.h"
#include "dwarves.h"
#include "dutil.h"
#include "ctf_encoder.h"
#include "btf_encoder.h"
#include "libbtf.h"
#include "lib/bpf/src/libbpf.h"

static bool btf_encode;
static bool ctf_encode;
static bool first_obj_only;
static bool skip_encoding_btf_vars;
static bool btf_encode_force;
static const char *base_btf_file;

static uint8_t class__include_anonymous;
static uint8_t class__include_nested_anonymous;
static uint8_t word_size, original_word_size;

static char *class__exclude_prefix;
static size_t class__exclude_prefix_len;

static char *class__include_prefix;
static size_t class__include_prefix_len;

static char *cu__exclude_prefix;
static size_t cu__exclude_prefix_len;

static char *decl_exclude_prefix;
static size_t decl_exclude_prefix_len;

static uint16_t nr_holes;
static uint16_t nr_bit_holes;
static uint16_t hole_size_ge;
static uint8_t show_packable;
static uint8_t global_verbose;
static uint8_t recursive;
static size_t cacheline_size;
static uint8_t find_containers;
static uint8_t find_pointers_in_structs;
static int reorganize;
static bool show_private_classes;
static bool defined_in;
static bool just_unions;
static bool just_structs;
static bool just_packed_structs;
static int show_reorg_steps;
static const char *class_name;
static LIST_HEAD(class_names);
static char separator = '\t';

static struct conf_fprintf conf = {
	.emit_stats = 1,
};

static struct conf_load conf_load = {
	.conf_fprintf = &conf,
};

struct structure {
	struct list_head  node;
	struct rb_node	  rb_node;
	char		  *name;
	uint32_t	  nr_files;
	uint32_t	  nr_methods;
};

static struct structure *structure__new(const char *name)
{
	struct structure *st = malloc(sizeof(*st));

	if (st != NULL) {
		st->name = strdup(name);
		if (st->name == NULL) {
			free(st);
			return NULL;
		}
		st->nr_files   = 1;
		st->nr_methods = 0;
	}

	return st;
}

static void structure__delete(struct structure *st)
{
	free(st->name);
	free(st);
}

static struct rb_root structures__tree = RB_ROOT;
static LIST_HEAD(structures__list);

static struct structure *structures__add(struct class *class,
					 const struct cu *cu,
					 bool *existing_entry)
{
        struct rb_node **p = &structures__tree.rb_node;
        struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
	struct structure *str;
	const char *new_class_name = class__name(class, cu);

        while (*p != NULL) {
		int rc;

                parent = *p;
                str = rb_entry(parent, struct structure, rb_node);
		rc = strcmp(str->name, new_class_name);

		if (rc > 0)
                        p = &(*p)->rb_left;
                else if (rc < 0)
                        p = &(*p)->rb_right;
		else {
			*existing_entry = true;
			return str;
		}
        }

	str = structure__new(new_class_name);
	if (str == NULL)
		return NULL;

	*existing_entry = false;
        rb_link_node(&str->rb_node, parent, p);
        rb_insert_color(&str->rb_node, &structures__tree);

	/* For linear traversals */
	list_add_tail(&str->node, &structures__list);

	return str;
}

void structures__delete(void)
{
	struct rb_node *next = rb_first(&structures__tree);

	while (next) {
		struct structure *pos = rb_entry(next, struct structure, rb_node);
		next = rb_next(&pos->rb_node);
		rb_erase(&pos->rb_node, &structures__tree);
		structure__delete(pos);
	}
}

static void nr_definitions_formatter(struct structure *st)
{
	printf("%s%c%u\n", st->name, separator, st->nr_files);
}

static void nr_members_formatter(struct class *class,
				 struct cu *cu, uint32_t id __unused)
{
	printf("%s%c%u\n", class__name(class, cu), separator,
	       class__nr_members(class));
}

static void nr_methods_formatter(struct structure *st)
{
	printf("%s%c%u\n", st->name, separator, st->nr_methods);
}

static void size_formatter(struct class *class,
			   struct cu *cu, uint32_t id __unused)
{
	printf("%s%c%d%c%u\n", class__name(class, cu), separator,
	       class__size(class), separator, tag__is_union(class__tag(class)) ? 0 : class->nr_holes);
}

static void class_name_len_formatter(struct class *class, struct cu *cu,
				     uint32_t id __unused)
{
	const char *name = class__name(class, cu);
	printf("%s%c%zd\n", name, separator, strlen(name));
}

static void class_name_formatter(struct class *class,
				 struct cu *cu, uint32_t id __unused)
{
	puts(class__name(class, cu));
}

static void class_formatter(struct class *class, struct cu *cu, uint32_t id)
{
	struct tag *typedef_alias = NULL;
	struct tag *tag = class__tag(class);
	const char *name = class__name(class, cu);

	if (name == NULL) {
		/*
		 * Find the first typedef for this struct, this is enough
		 * as if we optimize the struct all the typedefs will be
		 * affected.
		 */
		typedef_alias = cu__find_first_typedef_of_type(cu, id);
		/*
		 * If there is no typedefs for this anonymous struct it is
		 * found just inside another struct, and in this case it'll
		 * be printed when the type it is in is printed, but if
		 * the user still wants to see its statistics, just use
		 * --nested_anon_include.
		 */
		if (typedef_alias == NULL && !class__include_nested_anonymous)
			return;
	}

	if (typedef_alias != NULL) {
		struct type *tdef = tag__type(typedef_alias);

		conf.prefix = "typedef";
		conf.suffix = type__name(tdef, cu);
	} else
		conf.prefix = conf.suffix = NULL;

	tag__fprintf(tag, cu, &conf, stdout);

	putchar('\n');
}

static void print_packable_info(struct class *c, struct cu *cu, uint32_t id)
{
	const struct tag *t = class__tag(c);
	const size_t orig_size = class__size(c);
	const size_t new_size = class__size(c->priv);
	const size_t savings = orig_size - new_size;
	const char *name = class__name(c, cu);

	/* Anonymous struct? Try finding a typedef */
	if (name == NULL) {
		const struct tag *tdef =
		      cu__find_first_typedef_of_type(cu, id);

		if (tdef != NULL)
			name = class__name(tag__class(tdef), cu);
	}
	if (name != NULL)
		printf("%s%c%zd%c%zd%c%zd\n",
		       name, separator,
		       orig_size, separator,
		       new_size, separator,
		       savings);
	else
		printf("%s(%d)%c%zd%c%zd%c%zd\n",
		       tag__decl_file(t, cu),
		       tag__decl_line(t, cu),
		       separator,
		       orig_size, separator,
		       new_size, separator,
		       savings);
}

static void (*stats_formatter)(struct structure *st);

static void print_stats(void)
{
	struct structure *pos;

	list_for_each_entry(pos, &structures__list, node)
		stats_formatter(pos);
}

static struct class *class__filter(struct class *class, struct cu *cu,
				   uint32_t tag_id);

static void (*formatter)(struct class *class,
			 struct cu *cu, uint32_t id) = class_formatter;

static void print_classes(struct cu *cu)
{
	uint32_t id;
	struct class *pos;

	cu__for_each_struct_or_union(cu, id, pos) {
		bool existing_entry;
		struct structure *str;

		if (pos->type.namespace.name == 0 &&
		    !(class__include_anonymous ||
		      class__include_nested_anonymous))
			continue;

		if (!class__filter(pos, cu, id))
			continue;
		/*
		 * FIXME: No sense in adding an anonymous struct to the list of
		 * structs already printed, as we look for the name... The
		 * right fix probably will be to call class__fprintf on a
		 * in-memory FILE, do a hash, and look it by full contents, not
		 * by name. And this is needed for CTF as well, but its late now
		 * and I'm sleepy, will leave for later...
		 */
		if (pos->type.namespace.name != 0) {
			str = structures__add(pos, cu, &existing_entry);
			if (str == NULL) {
				fprintf(stderr, "pahole: insufficient memory for "
					"processing %s, skipping it...\n", cu->name);
				return;
			}

			/* Already printed... */
			if (existing_entry) {
				str->nr_files++;
				continue;
			}
		}

		if (show_packable && !global_verbose)
			print_packable_info(pos, cu, id);
		else if (formatter != NULL)
			formatter(pos, cu, id);
	}
}

static struct cu *cu__filter(struct cu *cu)
{
	if (cu__exclude_prefix != NULL &&
	    (cu->name == NULL ||
	     strncmp(cu__exclude_prefix, cu->name,
		     cu__exclude_prefix_len) == 0))
		return NULL;

	return cu;
}

static int class__packable(struct class *class, struct cu *cu)
{
	struct class *clone;

	if (class->nr_holes == 0 && class->nr_bit_holes == 0)
		return 0;

	clone = class__clone(class, NULL, cu);
	if (clone == NULL)
		return 0;
	class__reorganize(clone, cu, 0, stdout);
	if (class__size(class) > class__size(clone)) {
		class->priv = clone;
		return 1;
	}
	/* FIXME: we need to free in the right order,
	 *	  cu->obstack is being corrupted...
	class__delete(clone, cu);
	*/
	return 0;
}

static struct class *class__filter(struct class *class, struct cu *cu,
				   uint32_t tag_id)
{
	struct tag *tag = class__tag(class);
	const char *name;

	if (just_unions && !tag__is_union(tag))
		return NULL;

	if (just_structs && !tag__is_struct(tag))
		return NULL;

	if (just_packed_structs) {
		/* Is it not packed? */
		if (!class__infer_packed_attributes(class, cu))
			return NULL;
	}

	if (!tag->top_level) {
		class__find_holes(class);

		if (!show_private_classes)
			return NULL;
	}

	name = class__name(class, cu);

	if (class__is_declaration(class))
		return NULL;

	if (!class__include_anonymous && name == NULL)
		return NULL;

	if (class__exclude_prefix != NULL) {
		if (name == NULL) {
			const struct tag *tdef =
				cu__find_first_typedef_of_type(cu, tag_id);
			if (tdef != NULL) {
				struct class *c = tag__class(tdef);

				name = class__name(c, cu);
			}
		}
		if (name != NULL && strncmp(class__exclude_prefix, name,
					    class__exclude_prefix_len) == 0)
			return NULL;
	}

	if (class__include_prefix != NULL) {
		if (name == NULL) {
			const struct tag *tdef =
				cu__find_first_typedef_of_type(cu, tag_id);
			if (tdef != NULL) {
				struct class *c = tag__class(tdef);

				name = class__name(c, cu);
			}
		}
		if (name != NULL && strncmp(class__include_prefix, name,
					    class__include_prefix_len) != 0)
			return NULL;
	}

	if (decl_exclude_prefix != NULL &&
	    (!tag__decl_file(tag, cu) ||
	     strncmp(decl_exclude_prefix, tag__decl_file(tag, cu),
		     decl_exclude_prefix_len) == 0))
		return NULL;
	/*
	 * if --unions was used and we got here, its a union and we satisfy the other
	 * filters/options, so don't filter it.
	 */
	if (just_unions)
		return class;
	/*
	 * The following only make sense for structs, i.e. 'struct class',
	 * and as we can get here with a union, that is represented by a 'struct type',
	 * bail out if we get here with an union and we are not looking for things
	 * that need finding holes, like --packable, --nr_holes, etc
	 */
	if (!tag__is_struct(tag))
		return (just_structs || show_packable || nr_holes || nr_bit_holes || hole_size_ge) ? NULL : class;

	if (tag->top_level)
		class__find_holes(class);

	if (class->nr_holes < nr_holes ||
	    class->nr_bit_holes < nr_bit_holes ||
	    (hole_size_ge != 0 && !class__has_hole_ge(class, hole_size_ge)))
		return NULL;

	if (show_packable && !class__packable(class, cu))
		return NULL;

	return class;
}

static void union__find_new_size(struct tag *tag, struct cu *cu);

static void class__resize_LP(struct tag *tag, struct cu *cu)
{
	struct tag *tag_pos;
	struct class *class = tag__class(tag);
	size_t word_size_diff;
	size_t orig_size = class->type.size;

	if (tag__type(tag)->resized)
		return;

	tag__type(tag)->resized = 1;

	if (original_word_size > word_size)
		word_size_diff = original_word_size - word_size;
	else
		word_size_diff = word_size - original_word_size;

	type__for_each_tag(tag__type(tag), tag_pos) {
		struct tag *type;
		size_t diff = 0;
		size_t array_multiplier = 1;

		/* we want only data members, i.e. with byte_offset attr */
		if (tag_pos->tag != DW_TAG_member &&
		    tag_pos->tag != DW_TAG_inheritance)
		    	continue;

		type = cu__type(cu, tag_pos->type);
		tag__assert_search_result(type);
		if (type->tag == DW_TAG_array_type) {
			int i;
			for (i = 0; i < tag__array_type(type)->dimensions; ++i)
				array_multiplier *= tag__array_type(type)->nr_entries[i];

			type = cu__type(cu, type->type);
			tag__assert_search_result(type);
		}

		if (tag__is_typedef(type)) {
			type = tag__follow_typedef(type, cu);
			tag__assert_search_result(type);
		}

		switch (type->tag) {
		case DW_TAG_base_type: {
			struct base_type *bt = tag__base_type(type);
			char bf[64];
			const char *name = base_type__name(bt, cu, bf,
							   sizeof(bf));
			if (strcmp(name, "long int") != 0 &&
			    strcmp(name, "long unsigned int") != 0)
				break;
			/* fallthru */
		}
		case DW_TAG_pointer_type:
			diff = word_size_diff;
			break;
		case DW_TAG_structure_type:
		case DW_TAG_union_type:
			if (tag__is_union(type))
				union__find_new_size(type, cu);
			else
				class__resize_LP(type, cu);
			diff = tag__type(type)->size_diff;
			break;
		}

		diff *= array_multiplier;

		if (diff != 0) {
			struct class_member *m = tag__class_member(tag_pos);
			if (original_word_size > word_size) {
				class->type.size -= diff;
				class__subtract_offsets_from(class, m, diff);
			} else {
				class->type.size += diff;
				class__add_offsets_from(class, m, diff);
			}
		}
	}

	if (original_word_size > word_size)
		tag__type(tag)->size_diff = orig_size - class->type.size;
	else
		tag__type(tag)->size_diff = class->type.size - orig_size;

	class__find_holes(class);
	class__fixup_alignment(class, cu);
}

static void union__find_new_size(struct tag *tag, struct cu *cu)
{
	struct tag *tag_pos;
	struct type *type = tag__type(tag);
	size_t max_size = 0;

	if (type->resized)
		return;

	type->resized = 1;

	type__for_each_tag(type, tag_pos) {
		struct tag *type;
		size_t size;

		/* we want only data members, i.e. with byte_offset attr */
		if (tag_pos->tag != DW_TAG_member &&
		    tag_pos->tag != DW_TAG_inheritance)
		    	continue;

		type = cu__type(cu, tag_pos->type);
		tag__assert_search_result(type);
		if (tag__is_typedef(type))
			type = tag__follow_typedef(type, cu);

		if (tag__is_union(type))
			union__find_new_size(type, cu);
		else if (tag__is_struct(type))
			class__resize_LP(type, cu);

		size = tag__size(type, cu);
		if (size > max_size)
			max_size = size;
	}

	if (max_size > type->size)
		type->size_diff = max_size - type->size;
	else
		type->size_diff = type->size - max_size;

	type->size = max_size;
}

static void tag__fixup_word_size(struct tag *tag, struct cu *cu)
{
	if (tag__is_struct(tag) || tag__is_union(tag)) {
		struct tag *pos;

		namespace__for_each_tag(tag__namespace(tag), pos)
			tag__fixup_word_size(pos, cu);
	}

	switch (tag->tag) {
	case DW_TAG_base_type: {
		struct base_type *bt = tag__base_type(tag);

		/*
		 * This shouldn't happen, but at least on a tcp_ipv6.c
		 * built with GNU C 4.3.0 20080130 (Red Hat 4.3.0-0.7),
		 * one was found, so just bail out.
		 */
		if (!bt->name)
			return;
		char bf[64];
		const char *name = base_type__name(bt, cu, bf, sizeof(bf));

		if (strcmp(name, "long int") == 0 ||
		    strcmp(name, "long unsigned int") == 0)
			bt->bit_size = word_size * 8;
	}
		break;
	case DW_TAG_structure_type:
		class__resize_LP(tag, cu);
		break;
	case DW_TAG_union_type:
		union__find_new_size(tag, cu);
		break;
	}

	return;
}

static void cu_fixup_word_size_iterator(struct cu *cu)
{
	original_word_size = cu->addr_size;
	cu->addr_size = word_size;

	uint32_t id;
	struct tag *pos;
	cu__for_each_type(cu, id, pos)
		tag__fixup_word_size(pos, cu);
}

static void cu__account_nr_methods(struct cu *cu)
{
	struct function *pos_function;
	struct structure *str;
	uint32_t id;

	cu__for_each_function(cu, id, pos_function) {
		struct class_member *pos;

		function__for_each_parameter(pos_function, cu, pos) {
			struct tag *type = cu__type(cu, pos->tag.type);

			if (type == NULL || !tag__is_pointer(type))
				continue;

			type = cu__type(cu, type->type);
			if (type == NULL || !tag__is_struct(type))
				continue;

			struct type *ctype = tag__type(type);
			if (ctype->namespace.name == 0)
				continue;

			struct class *class = tag__class(type);

			if (!class__filter(class, cu, 0))
				continue;

			bool existing_entry;
			str = structures__add(class, cu, &existing_entry);
			if (str == NULL) {
				fprintf(stderr, "pahole: insufficient memory "
					"for processing %s, skipping it...\n",
					cu->name);
				return;
			}

			if (!existing_entry)
				class__find_holes(class);
			++str->nr_methods;
		}
	}
}

static char tab[128];

static void print_structs_with_pointer_to(struct cu *cu, uint32_t type)
{
	struct class *pos;
	struct class_member *pos_member;
	uint32_t id;

	cu__for_each_struct_or_union(cu, id, pos) {
		bool looked = false;
		/*
		 * Set it to NULL just to silence the compiler, as the printf
		 * at the end of the type__for_each_member() loop is only reached
		 * after str _is_ set, as looked starts as false, str is used with
		 * structures_add and if it is NULL, we return.
		 */
		struct structure *str = NULL;

		if (pos->type.namespace.name == 0)
			continue;

		if (!class__filter(pos, cu, id))
			continue;

		type__for_each_member(&pos->type, pos_member) {
			struct tag *ctype = cu__type(cu, pos_member->tag.type);

			tag__assert_search_result(ctype);
			if (!tag__is_pointer_to(ctype, type))
				continue;

			if (!looked) {
				bool existing_entry;

				str = structures__add(pos, cu, &existing_entry);
				if (str == NULL) {
					fprintf(stderr, "pahole: insufficient memory for "
						"processing %s, skipping it...\n",
						cu->name);
					return;
				}
				/*
				 * We already printed this struct in another CU
				 */
				if (existing_entry)
					break;
				looked = true;
			}
			printf("%s: %s\n", str->name,
			       class_member__name(pos_member, cu));
		}
	}
}

static int type__print_containers(struct type *type, struct cu *cu, uint32_t contained_type_id, int ident)
{
	const uint32_t n = type__nr_members_of_type(type, contained_type_id);
	if (n == 0)
		return 0;

	if (ident == 0) {
		bool existing_entry;
		struct structure *str = structures__add(type__class(type), cu, &existing_entry);
		if (str == NULL) {
			fprintf(stderr, "pahole: insufficient memory for "
				"processing %s, skipping it...\n",
				cu->name);
			return -1;
		}
		/*
		 * We already printed this struct in another CU
		 */
		if (existing_entry)
			return 0;
	}

	printf("%.*s%s", ident * 2, tab, type__name(type, cu));
	if (global_verbose)
		printf(": %u", n);
	putchar('\n');
	if (recursive) {
		struct class_member *member;

		type__for_each_member(type, member) {
			struct tag *member_type = cu__type(cu, member->tag.type);

			if (tag__is_struct(member_type) || tag__is_union(member_type))
				type__print_containers(tag__type(member_type), cu, contained_type_id, ident + 1);
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

static void print_containers(struct cu *cu, uint32_t type, int ident)
{
	struct class *pos;
	uint32_t id;

	cu__for_each_struct_or_union(cu, id, pos) {
		if (pos->type.namespace.name == 0)
			continue;

		if (!class__filter(pos, cu, id))
			continue;

		if (type__print_containers(&pos->type, cu, type, ident))
			break;
	}
}

/* Name and version of program.  */
ARGP_PROGRAM_VERSION_HOOK_DEF = dwarves_print_version;

#define ARGP_flat_arrays	   300
#define ARGP_show_private_classes  301
#define ARGP_fixup_silly_bitfields 302
#define ARGP_first_obj_only	   303
#define ARGP_classes_as_structs	   304
#define ARGP_hex_fmt		   305
#define ARGP_suppress_aligned_attribute	306
#define ARGP_suppress_force_paddings	307
#define ARGP_suppress_packed	   308
#define ARGP_just_unions	   309
#define ARGP_just_structs	   310
#define ARGP_count		   311
#define ARGP_skip		   312
#define ARGP_seek_bytes		   313
#define ARGP_header_type	   314
#define ARGP_size_bytes		   315
#define ARGP_range		   316
#define ARGP_skip_encoding_btf_vars 317
#define ARGP_btf_encode_force	   318
#define ARGP_just_packed_structs   319
#define ARGP_numeric_version       320
#define ARGP_btf_base		   321

static const struct argp_option pahole__options[] = {
	{
		.name = "bit_holes",
		.key  = 'B',
		.arg  = "NR_HOLES",
		.doc  = "Show only structs at least NR_HOLES bit holes"
	},
	{
		.name = "cacheline_size",
		.key  = 'c',
		.arg  = "SIZE",
		.doc  = "set cacheline size to SIZE"
	},
	{
		.name = "class_name",
		.key  = 'C',
		.arg  = "CLASS_NAME",
		.doc  = "Show just this class"
	},
	{
		.name = "count",
		.key  = ARGP_count,
		.arg  = "COUNT",
		.doc  = "Print only COUNT input records"
	},
	{
		.name = "skip",
		.key  = ARGP_skip,
		.arg  = "COUNT",
		.doc  = "Skip COUNT input records"
	},
	{
		.name = "seek_bytes",
		.key  = ARGP_seek_bytes,
		.arg  = "BYTES",
		.doc  = "Seek COUNT input records"
	},
	{
		.name = "size_bytes",
		.key  = ARGP_size_bytes,
		.arg  = "BYTES",
		.doc  = "Read only this number of bytes from this point onwards"
	},
	{
		.name = "range",
		.key  = ARGP_range,
		.arg  = "STRUCT",
		.doc  = "Data struct with 'offset' and 'size' fields to determine --seek_bytes and --size_bytes"
	},
	{
		.name = "header_type",
		.key  = ARGP_header_type,
		.arg  = "TYPE",
		.doc  = "File header type"
	},
	{
		.name = "find_pointers_to",
		.key  = 'f',
		.arg  = "CLASS_NAME",
		.doc  = "Find pointers to CLASS_NAME"
	},
	{
		.name = "format_path",
		.key  = 'F',
		.arg  = "FORMAT_LIST",
		.doc  = "List of debugging formats to try"
	},
	{
		.name = "contains",
		.key  = 'i',
		.arg  = "CLASS_NAME",
		.doc  = "Show classes that contains CLASS_NAME"
	},
	{
		.name = "show_decl_info",
		.key  = 'I',
		.doc  = "Show the file and line number where the tags were defined"
	},
	{
		.name = "holes",
		.key  = 'H',
		.arg  = "NR_HOLES",
		.doc  = "show only structs with at least NR_HOLES holes",
	},
	{
		.name = "hole_size_ge",
		.key  = 'z',
		.arg  = "HOLE_SIZE",
		.doc  = "show only structs with at least one hole greater "
			"or equal to HOLE_SIZE",
	},
	{
		.name = "packable",
		.key  = 'P',
		.doc  = "show only structs that has holes that can be packed",
	},
	{
		.name = "expand_types",
		.key  = 'E',
		.doc  = "expand class members",
	},
	{
		.name = "nr_members",
		.key  = 'n',
		.doc  = "show number of members",
	},
	{
		.name = "rel_offset",
		.key  = 'r',
		.doc  = "show relative offsets of members in inner structs"
	},
	{
		.name = "recursive",
		.key  = 'd',
		.doc  = "recursive mode, affects several other flags",
	},
	{
		.name = "reorganize",
		.key  = 'R',
		.doc  = "reorg struct trying to kill holes",
	},
	{
		.name = "show_reorg_steps",
		.key  = 'S',
		.doc  = "show the struct layout at each reorganization step",
	},
	{
		.name = "class_name_len",
		.key  = 'N',
		.doc  = "show size of classes",
	},
	{
		.name = "show_first_biggest_size_base_type_member",
		.key  = 'l',
		.doc  = "show first biggest size base_type member",
	},
	{
		.name = "nr_methods",
		.key  = 'm',
		.doc  = "show number of methods",
	},
	{
		.name = "show_only_data_members",
		.key  = 'M',
		.doc  = "show only the members that use space in the class layout",
	},
	{
		.name = "expand_pointers",
		.key  = 'p',
		.doc  = "expand class pointer members",
	},
	{
		.name = "sizes",
		.key  = 's',
		.doc  = "show size of classes",
	},
	{
		.name = "separator",
		.key  = 't',
		.arg  = "SEP",
		.doc  = "use SEP as the field separator",
	},
	{
		.name = "nr_definitions",
		.key  = 'T',
		.doc  = "show how many times struct was defined",
	},
	{
		.name = "decl_exclude",
		.key  = 'D',
		.arg  = "PREFIX",
		.doc  = "exclude classes declared in files with PREFIX",
	},
	{
		.name = "exclude",
		.key  = 'x',
		.arg  = "PREFIX",
		.doc  = "exclude PREFIXed classes",
	},
	{
		.name = "prefix_filter",
		.key  = 'y',
		.arg  = "PREFIX",
		.doc  = "include PREFIXed classes",
	},
	{
		.name = "cu_exclude",
		.key  = 'X',
		.arg  = "PREFIX",
		.doc  = "exclude PREFIXed compilation units",
	},
	{
		.name = "anon_include",
		.key  = 'a',
		.doc  = "include anonymous classes",
	},
	{
		.name = "nested_anon_include",
		.key  = 'A',
		.doc  = "include nested (inside other structs) anonymous classes",
	},
	{
		.name = "quiet",
		.key  = 'q',
		.doc  = "be quieter",
	},
	{
		.name = "defined_in",
		.key  = 'u',
		.doc  = "show CUs where CLASS_NAME (-C) is defined",
	},
	{
		.name = "verbose",
		.key  = 'V',
		.doc  = "be verbose",
	},
	{
		.name = "word_size",
		.key  = 'w',
		.arg  = "WORD_SIZE",
		.doc  = "change the arch word size to WORD_SIZE"
	},
	{
		.name = "ctf_encode",
		.key  = 'Z',
		.doc  = "Encode as CTF",
	},
	{
		.name = "flat_arrays",
		.key  = ARGP_flat_arrays,
		.doc  = "Flat arrays",
	},
	{
		.name = "suppress_aligned_attribute",
		.key  = ARGP_suppress_aligned_attribute,
		.doc  = "Suppress __attribute__((aligned(N))",
	},
	{
		.name = "suppress_force_paddings",
		.key  = ARGP_suppress_force_paddings,
		.doc  = "Suppress int :N paddings at the end",
	},
	{
		.name = "suppress_packed",
		.key  = ARGP_suppress_packed,
		.doc  = "Suppress output of inferred __attribute__((__packed__))",
	},
	{
		.name = "show_private_classes",
		.key  = ARGP_show_private_classes,
		.doc  = "Show classes that are defined inside other classes or in functions",
	},
	{
		.name = "fixup_silly_bitfields",
		.key  = ARGP_fixup_silly_bitfields,
		.doc  = "Fix silly bitfields such as int foo:32",
	},
	{
		.name = "first_obj_only",
		.key  = ARGP_first_obj_only,
		.doc  = "Only process the first object file in the binary",
	},
	{
		.name = "classes_as_structs",
		.key  = ARGP_classes_as_structs,
		.doc  = "Use 'struct' when printing classes",
	},
	{
		.name = "hex",
		.key  = ARGP_hex_fmt,
		.doc  = "Print offsets and sizes in hexadecimal",
	},
	{
		.name = "btf_base",
		.key  = ARGP_btf_base,
		.arg  = "PATH",
		.doc  = "Path to the base BTF file",
	},
	{
		.name = "btf_encode",
		.key  = 'J',
		.doc  = "Encode as BTF",
	},
	{
		.name = "skip_encoding_btf_vars",
		.key  = ARGP_skip_encoding_btf_vars,
		.doc  = "Do not encode VARs in BTF."
	},
	{
		.name = "btf_encode_force",
		.key  = ARGP_btf_encode_force,
		.doc  = "Ignore those symbols found invalid when encoding BTF."
	},
	{
		.name = "structs",
		.key  = ARGP_just_structs,
		.doc  = "Show just structs",
	},
	{
		.name = "unions",
		.key  = ARGP_just_unions,
		.doc  = "Show just unions",
	},
	{
		.name = "packed",
		.key  = ARGP_just_packed_structs,
		.doc  = "Show just packed structs",
	},
	{
		.name = "numeric_version",
		.key  = ARGP_numeric_version,
		.doc  = "Print a numeric version, i.e. 119 instead of v1.19"
	},
	{
		.name = NULL,
	}
};

static error_t pahole__options_parser(int key, char *arg,
				      struct argp_state *state)
{
	switch (key) {
	case ARGP_KEY_INIT:
		if (state->child_inputs != NULL)
			state->child_inputs[0] = state->input;
		break;
	case 'A': class__include_nested_anonymous = 1;	break;
	case 'a': class__include_anonymous = 1;		break;
	case 'B': nr_bit_holes = atoi(arg);		break;
	case 'C': class_name = arg;			break;
	case 'c': cacheline_size = atoi(arg);		break;
	case 'D': decl_exclude_prefix = arg;
		  decl_exclude_prefix_len = strlen(decl_exclude_prefix);
		  conf_load.extra_dbg_info = 1;		break;
	case 'd': recursive = 1;			break;
	case 'E': conf.expand_types = 1;		break;
	case 'f': find_pointers_in_structs = 1;
		  class_name = arg;			break;
	case 'F': conf_load.format_path = arg;		break;
	case 'H': nr_holes = atoi(arg);			break;
	case 'I': conf.show_decl_info = 1;
		  conf_load.extra_dbg_info = 1;		break;
	case 'i': find_containers = 1;
		  class_name = arg;			break;
	case 'J': btf_encode = 1;
		  conf_load.get_addr_info = true;
		  no_bitfield_type_recode = true;	break;
	case 'l': conf.show_first_biggest_size_base_type_member = 1;	break;
	case 'M': conf.show_only_data_members = 1;	break;
	case 'm': stats_formatter = nr_methods_formatter; break;
	case 'N': formatter = class_name_len_formatter;	break;
	case 'n': formatter = nr_members_formatter;	break;
	case 'P': show_packable	= 1;
		  conf_load.extra_dbg_info = 1;		break;
	case 'p': conf.expand_pointers = 1;		break;
	case 'q': conf.emit_stats = 0;
		  conf.suppress_comments = 1;
		  conf.suppress_offset_comment = 1;	break;
	case 'R': reorganize = 1;			break;
	case 'r': conf.rel_offset = 1;			break;
	case 'S': show_reorg_steps = 1;			break;
	case 's': formatter = size_formatter;		break;
	case 'T': stats_formatter = nr_definitions_formatter;
		  formatter = NULL;			break;
	case 't': separator = arg[0];			break;
	case 'u': defined_in = 1;			break;
	case 'V': global_verbose = 1;			break;
	case 'w': word_size = atoi(arg);		break;
	case 'X': cu__exclude_prefix = arg;
		  cu__exclude_prefix_len = strlen(cu__exclude_prefix);
							break;
	case 'x': class__exclude_prefix = arg;
		  class__exclude_prefix_len = strlen(class__exclude_prefix);
							break;
	case 'y': class__include_prefix = arg;
		  class__include_prefix_len = strlen(class__include_prefix);
							break;
	case 'z':
		hole_size_ge = atoi(arg);
		if (!global_verbose)
			formatter = class_name_formatter;
		break;
	case 'Z': ctf_encode = 1;			break;
	case ARGP_flat_arrays: conf.flat_arrays = 1;	break;
	case ARGP_suppress_aligned_attribute:
		conf.suppress_aligned_attribute = 1;	break;
	case ARGP_suppress_force_paddings:
		conf.suppress_force_paddings = 1;	break;
	case ARGP_suppress_packed:
		conf.suppress_packed = 1;		break;
	case ARGP_show_private_classes:
		show_private_classes = true;
		conf.show_only_data_members = 1;	break;
	case ARGP_fixup_silly_bitfields:
		conf_load.fixup_silly_bitfields = 1;	break;
	case ARGP_first_obj_only:
		first_obj_only = true;			break;
	case ARGP_classes_as_structs:
		conf.classes_as_structs = 1;		break;
	case ARGP_hex_fmt:
		conf.hex_fmt = 1;			break;
	case ARGP_just_unions:
		just_unions = true;			break;
	case ARGP_just_structs:
		just_structs = true;			break;
	case ARGP_just_packed_structs:
		just_structs = true;
		just_packed_structs = true;		break;
	case ARGP_count:
		conf.count = atoi(arg);			break;
	case ARGP_skip:
		conf.skip = atoi(arg);			break;
	case ARGP_seek_bytes:
		conf.seek_bytes = arg;			break;
	case ARGP_size_bytes:
		conf.size_bytes = arg;			break;
	case ARGP_range:
		conf.range = arg;			break;
	case ARGP_header_type:
		conf.header_type = arg;			break;
	case ARGP_skip_encoding_btf_vars:
		skip_encoding_btf_vars = true;		break;
	case ARGP_btf_encode_force:
		btf_encode_force = true;		break;
	case ARGP_btf_base:
		base_btf_file = arg;			break;
	case ARGP_numeric_version:
		print_numeric_version = true;		break;
	default:
		return ARGP_ERR_UNKNOWN;
	}
	return 0;
}

static const char pahole__args_doc[] = "FILE";

static struct argp pahole__argp = {
	.options  = pahole__options,
	.parser	  = pahole__options_parser,
	.args_doc = pahole__args_doc,
};

static void do_reorg(struct tag *class, struct cu *cu)
{
	int savings;
	const uint8_t reorg_verbose =
			show_reorg_steps ? 2 : global_verbose;
	struct class *clone = class__clone(tag__class(class), NULL, cu);
	if (clone == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "pahole: out of memory!\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	class__reorganize(clone, cu, reorg_verbose, stdout);
	savings = class__size(tag__class(class)) - class__size(clone);
	if (savings != 0 && reorg_verbose) {
		putchar('\n');
		if (show_reorg_steps)
			puts("/* Final reorganized struct: */");
	}
	tag__fprintf(class__tag(clone), cu, &conf, stdout);
	if (savings != 0) {
		const size_t cacheline_savings =
		      (tag__nr_cachelines(class, cu) -
		       tag__nr_cachelines(class__tag(clone), cu));

		printf("   /* saved %d byte%s", savings,
		       savings != 1 ? "s" : "");
		if (cacheline_savings != 0)
			printf(" and %zu cacheline%s",
			       cacheline_savings,
			       cacheline_savings != 1 ?
					"s" : "");
		puts("! */");
	} else
		putchar('\n');

	/* FIXME: we need to free in the right order,
	 *	  cu->obstack is being corrupted...
	 class__delete(clone, cu);
	*/
}

static int tag__fprintf_hexdump_value(struct tag *type, struct cu *cu, void *instance, int _sizeof, FILE *fp)
{
	uint8_t *contents = instance;
	int i, printed = 0;

	for (i = 0; i < _sizeof; ++i) {
		if (i != 0) {
			fputc(' ', fp);
			++printed;
		}

		printed += fprintf(fp, "0x%02x", contents[i]);
	}

	return printed;
}

static uint64_t base_type__value(void *instance, int _sizeof)
{
	if (_sizeof == sizeof(int))
		return *(int *)instance;
	else if (_sizeof == sizeof(long))
		return *(long *)instance;
	else if (_sizeof == sizeof(long long))
		return *(long long *)instance;
	else if (_sizeof == sizeof(char))
		return *(char *)instance;
	else if (_sizeof == sizeof(short))
		return *(short *)instance;

	return 0;
}

static int fprintf__value(FILE* fp, uint64_t value)
{
	const char *format = conf.hex_fmt ? "%#" PRIx64 : "%" PRIi64;

	return fprintf(fp, format, value);
}

static int base_type__fprintf_value(void *instance, int _sizeof, FILE *fp)
{
	uint64_t value = base_type__value(instance, _sizeof);
	return fprintf__value(fp, value);
}

static uint64_t class_member__bitfield_value(struct class_member *member, void *instance)
{
	int byte_size = member->byte_size;
	uint64_t value = base_type__value(instance, byte_size);
	uint64_t mask = 0;
	int bits = member->bitfield_size;

	while (bits) {
		mask |= 1;
		if (--bits)
			mask <<= 1;
	}

	mask <<= member->bitfield_offset;

	return (value & mask) >> member->bitfield_offset;
}

static int class_member__fprintf_bitfield_value(struct class_member *member, void *instance, FILE *fp)
{
	const char *format = conf.hex_fmt ? "%#" PRIx64 : "%" PRIi64;
	return fprintf(fp, format, class_member__bitfield_value(member, instance));
}

static const char *enumeration__lookup_value(struct type *enumeration, struct cu *cu, uint64_t value)
{
	struct enumerator *entry;

	type__for_each_enumerator(enumeration, entry) {
		if (entry->value == value)
			return enumerator__name(entry, cu);
	}

	return NULL;
}

static const char *enumerations__lookup_value(struct list_head *enumerations, uint64_t value)
{
	struct tag_cu_node *pos;

	list_for_each_entry(pos, enumerations, node) {
		const char *s = enumeration__lookup_value(tag__type(pos->tc.tag), pos->tc.cu, value);
		if (s)
			return s;
	}

	return NULL;
}

static struct enumerator *enumeration__lookup_entry_from_value(struct type *enumeration, struct cu *cu, uint64_t value)
{
	struct enumerator *entry;

	type__for_each_enumerator(enumeration, entry) {
		if (entry->value == value)
			return entry;
	}

	return NULL;
}

static struct enumerator *enumerations__lookup_entry_from_value(struct list_head *enumerations, struct cu **cup, uint64_t value)
{
	struct tag_cu_node *pos;

	list_for_each_entry(pos, enumerations, node) {
		struct enumerator *enumerator = enumeration__lookup_entry_from_value(tag__type(pos->tc.tag), pos->tc.cu, value);
		if (enumerator) {
			*cup = pos->tc.cu;
			return enumerator;
		}
	}

	return NULL;
}

static int64_t enumeration__lookup_enumerator(struct type *enumeration, struct cu *cu, const char *enumerator)
{
	struct enumerator *entry;

	type__for_each_enumerator(enumeration, entry) {
		const char *entry_name = enumerator__name(entry, cu);

		if (!strcmp(entry_name, enumerator))
			return entry->value;

		if (enumeration->member_prefix_len &&
		    !strcmp(entry_name + enumeration->member_prefix_len, enumerator))
			return entry->value;
	}

	return -1;
}

static int64_t enumerations__lookup_enumerator(struct list_head *enumerations, const char *enumerator)
{
	struct tag_cu_node *pos;

	list_for_each_entry(pos, enumerations, node) {
		int64_t value = enumeration__lookup_enumerator(tag__type(pos->tc.tag), pos->tc.cu, enumerator);
		if (value != -1)
			return value;
	}

	return -1;
}

static int base_type__fprintf_enum_value(void *instance, int _sizeof, struct list_head *enumerations, FILE *fp)
{
	uint64_t value = base_type__value(instance, _sizeof);

	const char *entry = enumerations__lookup_value(enumerations, value);

	if (entry)
		return fprintf(fp, "%s", entry);

	return fprintf__value(fp, value);
}

static int string__fprintf_value(char *instance, int _sizeof, FILE *fp)
{
	return fprintf(fp, "\"%-.*s\"", _sizeof, instance);
}

static int array__fprintf_base_type_value(struct tag *tag, struct cu *cu, void *instance, int _sizeof, FILE *fp)
{
	struct array_type *array = tag__array_type(tag);
	struct tag *array_type = cu__type(cu, tag->type);
	void *contents = instance;

	if (array->dimensions != 1) {
		// Support multi dimensional arrays later
		return tag__fprintf_hexdump_value(tag, cu, instance, _sizeof, fp);
	}

	if (tag__is_typedef(array_type))
		array_type = tag__follow_typedef(array_type, cu);

	int i, printed = 0, sizeof_entry = base_type__size(array_type);

	printed += fprintf(fp, "{ ");

	int nr_entries = array->nr_entries[0];

	// Look for zero sized arrays
	if (nr_entries == 0)
		nr_entries = _sizeof / sizeof_entry;

	for (i = 0; i < nr_entries; ++i) {
		if (i > 0)
			printed += fprintf(fp, ", ");
		printed += base_type__fprintf_value(contents, sizeof_entry, fp);
		contents += sizeof_entry;
	}

	return printed + fprintf(fp, " }");
}

static int array__fprintf_value(struct tag *tag, struct cu *cu, void *instance, int _sizeof, FILE *fp)
{
	struct tag *array_type = cu__type(cu, tag->type);
	char type_name[1024];

	if (strcmp(tag__name(array_type, cu, type_name, sizeof(type_name), NULL), "char") == 0)
		return string__fprintf_value(instance, _sizeof, fp);

	if (tag__is_base_type(array_type, cu))
		return array__fprintf_base_type_value(tag, cu, instance, _sizeof, fp);

	return tag__fprintf_hexdump_value(tag, cu, instance, _sizeof, fp);
}

static int __class__fprintf_value(struct tag *tag, struct cu *cu, void *instance, int _sizeof, int indent, bool brackets, FILE *fp)
{
	struct type *type = tag__type(tag);
	struct class_member *member;
	int printed = 0;

	if (brackets)
		printed += fprintf(fp, "{");

	type__for_each_member(type, member) {
		void *member_contents = instance + member->byte_offset;
		struct tag *member_type = cu__type(cu, member->tag.type);
		const char *name = class_member__name(member, cu);

		if (name)
			printed += fprintf(fp, "\n%.*s\t.%s = ", indent, tabs, name);

		if (member == type->type_member && !list_empty(&type->type_enum)) {
			printed += base_type__fprintf_enum_value(member_contents, member->byte_size, &type->type_enum, fp);
		} else if (member->bitfield_size) {
			printed += class_member__fprintf_bitfield_value(member, member_contents, fp);
		} else if (tag__is_base_type(member_type, cu)) {
			printed += base_type__fprintf_value(member_contents, member->byte_size, fp);
		} else if (tag__is_array(member_type, cu)) {
			int sizeof_member = member->byte_size;

			// zero sized array, at the end of the struct?
			if (sizeof_member == 0 && list_is_last(&member->tag.node, &type->namespace.tags))
				sizeof_member = _sizeof - member->byte_offset;
			printed += array__fprintf_value(member_type, cu, member_contents, sizeof_member, fp);
		} else if (tag__is_struct(member_type)) {
			printed += __class__fprintf_value(member_type, cu, member_contents, member->byte_size, indent + 1, true, fp);
		} else if (tag__is_union(member_type)) {
			printed += __class__fprintf_value(member_type, cu, member_contents, member->byte_size, indent + (name ? 1 : 0), !!name, fp);
			if (!name)
				continue;
		} else {
			printed += tag__fprintf_hexdump_value(member_type, cu, member_contents, member->byte_size, fp);
		}

		fputc(',', fp);
		++printed;
	}

	if (brackets)
		printed += fprintf(fp, "\n%.*s}", indent, tabs);
	return printed;
}

static int class__fprintf_value(struct tag *tag, struct cu *cu, void *instance, int _sizeof, int indent, FILE *fp)
{
	return __class__fprintf_value(tag, cu, instance, _sizeof, indent, true, fp);
}

static int tag__fprintf_value(struct tag *type, struct cu *cu, void *instance, int _sizeof, FILE *fp)
{
	if (tag__is_struct(type))
		return class__fprintf_value(type, cu, instance, _sizeof, 0, fp);

	return tag__fprintf_hexdump_value(type, cu, instance, _sizeof, fp);
}

static int pipe_seek(FILE *fp, off_t offset)
{
	char bf[4096];
	int chunk = sizeof(bf);

	if (chunk > offset)
		chunk = offset;

	while (fread(bf, chunk, 1, stdin) == 1) {
		offset -= chunk;
		if (offset == 0)
			return 0;
		if (chunk > offset)
			chunk = offset;
	}

	return offset == 0 ? 0 : -1;
}

static uint64_t tag__real_sizeof(struct tag *tag, struct cu *cu, int _sizeof, void *instance)
{
	if (tag__is_struct(tag)) {
		struct type *type = tag__type(tag);

		if (type->sizeof_member) {
			struct class_member *member = type->sizeof_member;
			return base_type__value(instance + member->byte_offset, member->byte_size);
		}
	}

	return _sizeof;
}

/*
 * Classes should start close to where they are needed, then moved elsewhere, remember:
 * "Premature optimization is the root of all evil" (Knuth till unproven).
 *
 * So far just the '==' operator is supported, so just a struct member + a value are
 * needed, no, strings are not supported so far.
 *
 * If the class member is the 'type=' and we have a 'type_enum=' in place, then we will
 * resolve that at parse time and convert that to an uint64_t and it'll do the trick.
 *
 * More to come, when needed.
 */
struct class_member_filter {
	struct class_member *left;
	uint64_t	    right;
};

static bool type__filter_value(struct tag *tag, void *instance)
{
	// this has to be a type, otherwise we'd not have a type->filter
	struct type *type = tag__type(tag);
	struct class_member_filter *filter = type->filter;
	struct class_member *member = filter->left;
	uint64_t value = base_type__value(instance + member->byte_offset, member->byte_size);

	// Only operator supported so far is '=='
	return value != filter->right;
}

static struct tag *tag__real_type(struct tag *tag, struct cu **cup, void *instance)
{
	if (tag__is_struct(tag)) {
		struct type *type = tag__type(tag);

		if (!list_empty(&type->type_enum) && type->type_member) {
			struct class_member *member = type->type_member;
			uint64_t value = base_type__value(instance + member->byte_offset, member->byte_size);
			struct cu *cu_enumerator;
			struct enumerator *enumerator = enumerations__lookup_entry_from_value(&type->type_enum, &cu_enumerator, value);
			char name[1024];

			if (!enumerator)
				return tag;

			if (enumerator->type_enum.tag) {
				*cup = enumerator->type_enum.cu;
				return enumerator->type_enum.tag;
			}

			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s", enumerator__name(enumerator, cu_enumerator));
			strlwr(name);

			struct tag *real_type = cu__find_type_by_name(*cup, name, false, NULL);

			if (!real_type)
				return NULL;

			if (tag__is_struct(real_type)) {
				enumerator->type_enum.tag = real_type;
				enumerator->type_enum.cu  = *cup;
				return real_type;
			}
		}
	}

	return tag;
}

struct type_instance {
	struct type *type;
	struct cu   *cu;
	bool	    read_already;
	char	    instance[0];
};

static struct type_instance *type_instance__new(struct type *type, struct cu *cu)
{
	if (type == NULL)
		return NULL;

	struct type_instance *instance = malloc(sizeof(*instance) + type->size);

	if (instance) {
		instance->type = type;
		instance->cu   = cu;
		instance->read_already = false;
	}

	return instance;
}

static void type_instance__delete(struct type_instance *instance)
{
	if (!instance)
		return;
	instance->type = NULL;
	free(instance);
}

static int64_t type_instance__int_value(struct type_instance *instance, const char *member_name_orig)
{
	struct cu *cu = instance->cu;
	struct class_member *member = type__find_member_by_name(instance->type, cu, member_name_orig);
	int byte_offset = 0;

	if (!member) {
		char *sep = strchr(member_name_orig, '.');

		if (!sep)
			return -1;

		char *member_name_alloc = strdup(member_name_orig);

		if (!member_name_alloc)
			return -1;

		char *member_name = member_name_alloc;
		struct type *type = instance->type;

		sep = member_name_alloc + (sep - member_name_orig);
		*sep = 0;

		while (1) {
			member = type__find_member_by_name(type, cu, member_name);
			if (!member) {
out_free_member_name:
				free(member_name_alloc);
				return -1;
			}
			byte_offset += member->byte_offset;
			type = tag__type(cu__type(cu, member->tag.type));
			if (type == NULL)
				goto out_free_member_name;
			member_name = sep + 1;
			sep = strchr(member_name, '.');
			if (!sep)
				break;

		}

		member = type__find_member_by_name(type, cu, member_name);
		free(member_name_alloc);
		if (member == NULL)
			return -1;
	}

	byte_offset += member->byte_offset;

	struct tag *member_type = cu__type(cu, member->tag.type);

	if (!tag__is_base_type(member_type, cu))
		return -1;

	return base_type__value(&instance->instance[byte_offset], member->byte_size);
}

static int64_t type__instance_read_once(struct type_instance *instance, FILE *fp)
{
 	if (!instance || instance->read_already)
		return 0;

 	instance->read_already = true;

	return fread(instance->instance, instance->type->size, 1, stdin) != 1 ? -1 : instance->type->size;
}

/*
 * struct prototype - split arguments to a type
 *
 * @name - type name
 * @type - name of the member containing a type id
 * @type_enum - translate @type into a enum entry/string
 * @type_enum_resolved - if this was already resolved, i.e. if the enums were find in some CU
 * @size - the member with the size for variable sized records
 * @filter - filter expression using record contents and values or enum entries
 * @range - from where to get seek_bytes and size_bytes where to pretty print this specific class
 */
struct prototype {
	struct list_head node;
	struct tag	 *class;
	struct cu	 *cu;
	const char *type,
		   *type_enum,
		   *size,
		   *range;
	char	   *filter;
	uint16_t   nr_args;
	bool	   type_enum_resolved;
	char name[0];

};

static int prototype__stdio_fprintf_value(struct prototype *prototype, struct type_instance *header, FILE *fp)
{
	struct tag *type = prototype->class;
	struct cu *cu = prototype->cu;
	int _sizeof = tag__size(type, cu), printed = 0;
	int max_sizeof = _sizeof;
	void *instance = malloc(_sizeof);
	uint64_t size_bytes = ULLONG_MAX;
	uint32_t count = 0;
	uint32_t skip = conf.skip;

	if (instance == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;

	if (type__instance_read_once(header, stdin) < 0) {
		int err = --errno;
		fprintf(stderr, "pahole: --header (%s) type not be read\n", conf.header_type);
		return err;
	}

	if (conf.range || prototype->range) {
		off_t seek_bytes;
		const char *range = conf.range ?: prototype->range;

		if (!header) {
			if (conf.header_type)
				fprintf(stderr, "pahole: --header_type=%s not found\n", conf.header_type);
			else
				fprintf(stderr, "pahole: range (%s) requires --header\n", range);
			return -ESRCH;
		}

		char *member_name = NULL;

		if (asprintf(&member_name, "%s.%s", range, "offset") == -1) {
			fprintf(stderr, "pahole: not enough memory for range=%s\n", range);
			return -ENOMEM;
		}

		int64_t value = type_instance__int_value(header, member_name);

		if (value < 0) {
			fprintf(stderr, "pahole: couldn't read the '%s' member of '%s' for evaluating range=%s\n",
				member_name, conf.header_type, range);
			free(member_name);
			return -ESRCH;
		}

		seek_bytes = value;

		free(member_name);

		off_t total_read_bytes = ftell(stdin);

		// Since we're reading stdin, we need to account for what we already read
		if (seek_bytes < total_read_bytes) {
			fprintf(stderr, "pahole: can't go back in stdin, already read %" PRIu64 " bytes, can't go to position %#" PRIx64 "\n",
					total_read_bytes, seek_bytes);
			return -ENOMEM;
		}

		if (global_verbose) {
			fprintf(fp, "pahole: range.seek_bytes evaluated from range=%s is %#" PRIx64 " \n",
				range, seek_bytes);
		}

		seek_bytes -= total_read_bytes;

		if (asprintf(&member_name, "%s.%s", range, "size") == -1) {
			fprintf(stderr, "pahole: not enough memory for range=%s\n", range);
			return -ENOMEM;
		}

		value = type_instance__int_value(header, member_name);

		if (value < 0) {
			fprintf(stderr, "pahole: couldn't read the '%s' member of '%s' for evaluating range=%s\n",
				member_name, conf.header_type, range);
			free(member_name);
			return -ESRCH;
		}

		size_bytes = value;
		if (global_verbose) {
			fprintf(fp, "pahole: range.size_bytes evaluated from range=%s is %#" PRIx64 " \n",
				range, size_bytes);
		}

		free(member_name);

		if (pipe_seek(stdin, seek_bytes) < 0) {
			int err = --errno;
			fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't --seek_bytes %s (%" PRIu64 "\n", conf.seek_bytes, seek_bytes);
			return err;
		}

		goto do_read;
	}

	if (conf.seek_bytes) {
		off_t seek_bytes;

		if (strstarts(conf.seek_bytes, "$header.")) {
			if (!header) {
				fprintf(stderr, "pahole: --seek_bytes (%s) makes reference to --header but it wasn't specified\n",
					conf.seek_bytes);
				return -ESRCH;
			}

			const char *member_name = conf.seek_bytes + sizeof("$header.") - 1;
			int64_t value = type_instance__int_value(header, member_name);
			if (value < 0) {
				fprintf(stderr, "pahole: couldn't read the '%s' member of '%s' for evaluating --seek_bytes=%s\n",
					member_name, conf.header_type, conf.seek_bytes);
				return -ESRCH;
			}

			seek_bytes = value;

			if (global_verbose)
				fprintf(stdout, "pahole: seek bytes evaluated from --seek_bytes=%s is %#" PRIx64 " \n",
					conf.seek_bytes, seek_bytes);

			if (seek_bytes < header->type->size) {
				fprintf(stderr, "pahole: seek bytes evaluated from --seek_bytes=%s is less than the header type size\n",
					conf.seek_bytes);
				return -EINVAL;
			}
		} else  {
			seek_bytes = strtol(conf.seek_bytes, NULL, 0);
		}


		if (header) {
			// Since we're reading stdin, we need to account for already read header:
			seek_bytes -= ftell(stdin);
		}

		if (pipe_seek(stdin, seek_bytes) < 0) {
			int err = --errno;
			fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't --seek_bytes %s (%" PRIu64 "\n", conf.seek_bytes, seek_bytes);
			return err;
		}
	}

	if (conf.size_bytes) {
		if (strstarts(conf.size_bytes, "$header.")) {
			if (!header) {
				fprintf(stderr, "pahole: --size_bytes (%s) makes reference to --header but it wasn't specified\n",
					conf.size_bytes);
				return -ESRCH;
			}

			const char *member_name = conf.size_bytes + sizeof("$header.") - 1;
			int64_t value = type_instance__int_value(header, member_name);
			if (value < 0) {
				fprintf(stderr, "pahole: couldn't read the '%s' member of '%s' for evaluating --size_bytes=%s\n",
					member_name, conf.header_type, conf.size_bytes);
				return -ESRCH;
			}

			size_bytes = value;

			if (global_verbose)
				fprintf(stdout, "pahole: size bytes evaluated from --size_bytes=%s is %#" PRIx64 " \n",
					conf.size_bytes, size_bytes);
		} else  {
			size_bytes = strtol(conf.size_bytes, NULL, 0);
		}
	}
do_read:
{
	uint64_t read_bytes = 0;
	off_t record_offset = ftell(stdin);

	while (fread(instance, _sizeof, 1, stdin) == 1) {
		// Read it from each record/instance
		int real_sizeof = tag__real_sizeof(type, cu, _sizeof, instance);

		if (real_sizeof > _sizeof) {
			if (real_sizeof > max_sizeof) {
				void *new_instance = realloc(instance, real_sizeof);
				if (!new_instance) {
					fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't allocate space for a record, too big: %d bytes\n", real_sizeof);
					printed = -1;
					goto out;
				}
				instance = new_instance;
				max_sizeof = real_sizeof;
			}
			if (fread(instance + _sizeof, real_sizeof - _sizeof, 1, stdin) != 1) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't read record: %d bytes\n", real_sizeof);
				printed = -1;
				goto out;
			}
		}

		read_bytes += real_sizeof;

		if (tag__type(type)->filter && type__filter_value(type, instance))
			goto next_record;

		if (skip) {
			--skip;
			goto next_record;
		}

		/*
		 * pahole -C 'perf_event_header(sizeof=size,typeid=type,enum2type=perf_event_type)
		 *
		 * So that it gets the 'type' field as the type id, look this
		 * up in the 'enum perf_event_type' and find the type to cast the
		 * whole shebang, i.e.:
		 *

		 $ pahole ~/bin/perf -C perf_event_header
		   struct perf_event_header {
			  __u32        type;       / *  0  4 * /
			  __u16        misc;       / *  4  2 * /
			  __u16        size;       / *  6  2 * /

			  / * size: 8, cachelines: 1, members: 3 * /
			  / * last cacheline: 8 bytes * /
		   };
		 $

		 enum perf_event_type {
			PERF_RECORD_MMAP = 1,
			PERF_RECORD_LOST = 2,
			PERF_RECORD_COMM = 3,
			PERF_RECORD_EXIT = 4,
			<SNIP>
		 }

		 * So from the type field get the lookup into the enum and from the result, look
		 * for a type with that name as-is or in lower case, which will produce, when type = 3:

		 $ pahole -C perf_record_comm ~/bin/perf
		   struct perf_record_comm {
			   struct perf_event_header   header;   / *     0     8 * /
			   __u32                      pid;      / *     8     4 * /
			   __u32                      tid;      / *    12     4 * /
			   char                       comm[16]; / *    16    16 * /

			   / * size: 32, cachelines: 1, members: 4 * /
			   / * last cacheline: 32 bytes * /
		   };
		   $
		 */

		struct cu *real_type_cu = cu;
		struct tag *real_type = tag__real_type(type, &real_type_cu, instance);

		if (real_type == NULL)
			real_type = type;

		if (global_verbose) {
			printed += fprintf(fp, "// type=%s, offset=%#" PRIx64 ", sizeof=%d", type__name(tag__type(type), cu), record_offset, _sizeof);
			if (real_sizeof != _sizeof)
				printed += fprintf(fp, ", real_sizeof=%d\n", real_sizeof);
			else
				printed += fprintf(fp, "\n");
		}
		printed += tag__fprintf_value(real_type, real_type_cu, instance, real_sizeof, fp);
		printed += fprintf(fp, ",\n");

		if (conf.count && ++count == conf.count)
			break;
next_record:
		if (read_bytes >= size_bytes)
			break;

		record_offset = ftell(stdin);
	}
}
out:
	free(instance);
	return printed;
}

static int class_member_filter__parse(struct class_member_filter *filter, struct type *type, struct cu *cu, char *sfilter)
{
	const char *member_name = sfilter;
	char *sep = strstr(sfilter, "==");

	if (!sep) {
		if (global_verbose)
			fprintf(stderr, "No supported operator ('==' so far) found in filter '%s'\n", sfilter);
		return -1;
	}

	char *value = sep + 2, *s = sep;

	while (isspace(*--s))
		if (s == sfilter) {
			if (global_verbose)
				fprintf(stderr, "No left operand (struct field) found in filter '%s'\n", sfilter);
			return -1; // nothing before ==
		}

	char before = s[1];
	s[1] = '\0';

	filter->left = type__find_member_by_name(type, cu, member_name);

	if (!filter->left) {
		if (global_verbose)
			fprintf(stderr, "The '%s' member wasn't found in '%s'\n", member_name, type__name(type, cu));
		s[1] = before;
		return -1;
	}

	s[1] = before;

	while (isspace(*value))
		if (*++value == '\0') {
			if (global_verbose)
				fprintf(stderr, "The '%s' member was asked without a value to filter '%s'\n", member_name, type__name(type, cu));
			return -1; // no value
		}

	char *endptr;
	filter->right = strtoll(value, &endptr, 0);

	if (endptr > value && (*endptr == '\0' || isspace(*endptr)))
		return 0;

	// If t he filter member is the 'type=' one:

	if (list_empty(&type->type_enum) || type->type_member != filter->left) {
		if (global_verbose)
			fprintf(stderr, "Symbolic right operand in '%s' but no way to resolve it to a number (type= + type_enum= so far)\n", sfilter);
		return -1;
	}

	enumerations__calc_prefix(&type->type_enum);

	int64_t enumerator_value = enumerations__lookup_enumerator(&type->type_enum, value);

	if (enumerator_value < 0) {
		if (global_verbose)
			fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't resolve right operand ('%s') in '%s' with the specified 'type=%s' and type_enum' \n",
				value, sfilter, class_member__name(type->type_member, cu));
		return -1;
	}

	filter->right = enumerator_value;

	return 0;
}

static struct class_member_filter *class_member_filter__new(struct type *type, struct cu *cu, char *sfilter)
{
	struct class_member_filter *filter = malloc(sizeof(*filter));

	if (filter && class_member_filter__parse(filter, type, cu, sfilter)) {
		free(filter);
		filter = NULL;
	}

	return filter;
}

static struct prototype *prototype__new(const char *expression)
{
	struct prototype *prototype = zalloc(sizeof(*prototype) + strlen(expression) + 1);

	if (prototype == NULL)
		goto out_enomem;

	strcpy(prototype->name, expression);

	const char *name = prototype->name;

	prototype->nr_args = 0;

	char *args_open = strchr(name, '(');

	if (!args_open)
		goto out;

	char *args_close = strchr(args_open, ')');

	if (args_close == NULL)
		goto out_no_closing_parens;

	char *args = args_open;

	*args++ = *args_close = '\0';

	while (isspace(*args))
		++args;

	if (args == args_close)
		goto out; // empty args, just ignore the parens, i.e. 'foo()'
next_arg:
{
	char *comma = strchr(args, ','), *value;

	if (comma)
		*comma = '\0';

	char *assign = strchr(args, '=');

	if (assign == NULL) {
		if (strcmp(args, "sizeof") == 0) {
			value = "size";
			goto do_sizeof;
		} else if (strcmp(args, "type") == 0) {
			value = "type";
			goto do_type;
		}
		goto out_missing_assign;
	}

	// accept foo==bar as filter=foo==bar
	if (assign[1] == '=') {
		value = args;
		goto do_filter;
	}

	*assign = 0;

	value = assign + 1;

	while (isspace(*value))
		++value;

	if (value == args_close)
		goto out_missing_value;

	if (strcmp(args, "sizeof") == 0) {
do_sizeof:
		if (global_verbose)
			printf("pahole: sizeof_operator for '%s' is '%s'\n", name, value);

		prototype->size = value;
	} else if (strcmp(args, "type") == 0) {
do_type:
		if (global_verbose)
			printf("pahole: type member for '%s' is '%s'\n", name, value);

		prototype->type = value;
	} else if (strcmp(args, "type_enum") == 0) {
		if (global_verbose)
			printf("pahole: type enum for '%s' is '%s'\n", name, value);
		prototype->type_enum = value;
	} else if (strcmp(args, "filter") == 0) {
do_filter:
		if (global_verbose)
			printf("pahole: filter for '%s' is '%s'\n", name, value);

		prototype->filter = value;
	} else if (strcmp(args, "range") == 0) {
		if (global_verbose)
			printf("pahole: range for '%s' is '%s'\n", name, value);
		prototype->range = value;
	} else
		goto out_invalid_arg;

	++prototype->nr_args;

	if (comma) {
		args = comma + 1;
		goto next_arg;
	}
}
out:
	return prototype;

out_enomem:
	fprintf(stderr, "pahole: not enough memory for '%s'\n", expression);
	goto out;

out_invalid_arg:
	fprintf(stderr, "pahole: invalid arg '%s' in '%s' (known args: sizeof=member, type=member, type_enum=enum)\n", args, expression);
	goto out_free;

out_missing_value:
	fprintf(stderr, "pahole: invalid, missing value in '%s'\n", expression);
	goto out_free;

out_no_closing_parens:
	fprintf(stderr, "pahole: invalid, no closing parens in '%s'\n", expression);
	goto out_free;

out_missing_assign:
	fprintf(stderr, "pahole: invalid, missing '=' in '%s'\n", args);
	goto out_free;

out_free:
	free(prototype);
	return NULL;
}

#ifdef DEBUG_CHECK_LEAKS
static void prototype__delete(struct prototype *prototype)
{
	if (prototype) {
		memset(prototype, 0xff, sizeof(*prototype));
		free(prototype);
	}
}
#endif

static struct tag_cu_node *tag_cu_node__new(struct tag *tag, struct cu *cu)
{
	struct tag_cu_node *tc = malloc(sizeof(*tc));

	if (tc) {
		tc->tc.tag = tag;
		tc->tc.cu  = cu;
	}

	return tc;
}

static int type__add_type_enum(struct type *type, struct tag *type_enum, struct cu *cu)
{
	struct tag_cu_node *tc = tag_cu_node__new(type_enum, cu);

	if (!tc)
		return -1;

	list_add_tail(&tc->node, &type->type_enum);
	return 0;
}

static int type__find_type_enum(struct type *type, struct cu *cu, const char *type_enum)
{
	struct tag *te = cu__find_enumeration_by_name(cu, type_enum, NULL);

	if (te)
		return type__add_type_enum(type, te, cu);

	// Now look at a 'virtual enum', i.e. the concatenation of multiple enums
	char *sep = strchr(type_enum, '+');

	if (!sep)
		return -1;

	char *type_enums = strdup(type_enum);

	if (!type_enums)
		return -1;

	int ret = -1;

	sep = type_enums + (sep - type_enum);

	type_enum = type_enums;
	*sep = '\0';

	while (1) {
		te = cu__find_enumeration_by_name(cu, type_enum, NULL);

		if (!te)
			goto out;

		ret = type__add_type_enum(type, te, cu);
		if (ret)
			goto out;

		if (sep == NULL)
			break;
		type_enum = sep + 1;
		sep = strchr(type_enum, '+');
	}

	ret = 0;
out:
	free(type_enums);
	return ret;
}

static struct type_instance *header;

static enum load_steal_kind pahole_stealer(struct cu *cu,
					   struct conf_load *conf_load __unused)
{
	int ret = LSK__DELETE;

	if (!cu__filter(cu))
		goto filter_it;

	if (btf_encode) {
		if (cu__encode_btf(cu, global_verbose, btf_encode_force,
				   skip_encoding_btf_vars)) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Encountered error while encoding BTF.\n");
			exit(1);
		}
		return LSK__DELETE;
	}

	if (ctf_encode) {
		cu__encode_ctf(cu, global_verbose);
		/*
		 * We still have to get the type signature code merged to eliminate
		 * dups, reference another CTF file, etc, so for now just encode the
		 * first cu that is let thru by cu__filter.
		 */
		goto dump_and_stop;
	}

	if (class_name == NULL) {
		if (stats_formatter == nr_methods_formatter) {
			cu__account_nr_methods(cu);
			goto dump_it;
		}

		if (word_size != 0)
			cu_fixup_word_size_iterator(cu);

		print_classes(cu);
		goto dump_it;
	}

	if (header == NULL && conf.header_type) {
		header = type_instance__new(tag__type(cu__find_type_by_name(cu, conf.header_type, false, NULL)), cu);
		if (header)
			ret = LSK__KEEPIT;
	}

	bool include_decls = find_pointers_in_structs != 0 || stats_formatter == nr_methods_formatter;
	struct prototype *prototype, *n;

	list_for_each_entry_safe(prototype, n, &class_names, node) {

		/* See if we already found it */
		if (prototype->class) {
			if (prototype->type_enum && !prototype->type_enum_resolved)
				prototype->type_enum_resolved = type__find_type_enum(tag__type(prototype->class), cu, prototype->type_enum) == 0;
			continue;
		}

		static type_id_t class_id;
		struct tag *class = cu__find_type_by_name(cu, prototype->name, include_decls, &class_id);

		if (class == NULL)
			return ret; // couldn't find that class name in this CU, continue to the next one.

		if (prototype->nr_args != 0 && !tag__is_struct(class)) {
			fprintf(stderr, "pahole: attributes are only supported with 'class' and 'struct' types\n");
			goto dump_and_stop;
		}

		struct type *type = tag__type(class);

		if (prototype->size) {
			type->sizeof_member = type__find_member_by_name(type, cu, prototype->size);
			if (type->sizeof_member == NULL) {
				fprintf(stderr, "pahole: the sizeof member '%s' wasn't found in the '%s' type\n",
					prototype->size, prototype->name);
				goto dump_and_stop;
			}
		}

		if (prototype->type) {
			type->type_member = type__find_member_by_name(type, cu, prototype->type);
			if (type->type_member == NULL) {
				fprintf(stderr, "pahole: the type member '%s' wasn't found in the '%s' type\n",
					prototype->type, prototype->name);
				goto dump_and_stop;
			}
		}

		if (prototype->type_enum) {
			prototype->type_enum_resolved = type__find_type_enum(type, cu, prototype->type_enum) == 0;
		}

		if (prototype->filter) {
			type->filter = class_member_filter__new(type, cu, prototype->filter);
			if (type->filter == NULL) {
				fprintf(stderr, "pahole: invalid filter '%s' for '%s'\n",
					prototype->filter, prototype->name);
				goto dump_and_stop;
			}
		}

		if (class == NULL) {
			if (strcmp(prototype->name, "void"))
				continue;
			class_id = 0;
		}

		if (!isatty(0)) {
			prototype->class = class;
			prototype->cu	 = cu;
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * Ok, found it, so remove from the list to avoid printing it
		 * twice, in another CU.
		 */
		list_del_init(&prototype->node);

		if (defined_in) {
			puts(cu->name);
			goto dump_it;
		}

		if (class)
			class__find_holes(tag__class(class));
		if (reorganize) {
			if (class && tag__is_struct(class))
				do_reorg(class, cu);
		} else if (find_containers)
			print_containers(cu, class_id, 0);
		else if (find_pointers_in_structs)
			print_structs_with_pointer_to(cu, class_id);
		else if (class) {
			/*
			 * We don't need to print it for every compile unit
			 * but the previous options need
			 */
			tag__fprintf(class, cu, &conf, stdout);
			putchar('\n');
		}
	}

	// If we got here with pretty printing is because we have everything solved except for type_enum

	if (!isatty(0)) {
		// Check if we need to continue loading CUs to get those type_enum= resolved
		list_for_each_entry(prototype, &class_names, node) {
			if (prototype->type_enum && !prototype->type_enum_resolved)
				return LSK__KEEPIT;
		}

		// All set, pretty print it!
		list_for_each_entry_safe(prototype, n, &class_names, node) {
			list_del_init(&prototype->node);
			if (prototype__stdio_fprintf_value(prototype, header, stdout) < 0)
				break;
		}

		return LSK__STOP_LOADING;
	}

	/*
	 * If we found all the entries in --class_name, stop
	 */
	if (list_empty(&class_names)) {
dump_and_stop:
		ret = LSK__STOP_LOADING;
	}
dump_it:
	if (first_obj_only)
		ret = LSK__STOP_LOADING;
filter_it:
	return ret;
}

static int prototypes__add(struct list_head *prototypes, const char *entry)
{
	struct prototype *prototype = prototype__new(entry);

	if (prototype == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;

	list_add_tail(&prototype->node, prototypes);
	return 0;
}

#ifdef DEBUG_CHECK_LEAKS
static void prototypes__delete(struct list_head *prototypes)
{
	struct prototype *prototype, *n;

	list_for_each_entry_safe(prototype, n, prototypes, node) {
		list_del_init(&prototype->node);
		prototype__delete(prototype);
	}
}
#endif

static int prototypes__load(struct list_head *prototypes, const char *filename)
{
	char entry[1024];
	int err = -1;
	FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r");

	if (fp == NULL)
		return -1;

	while (fgets(entry, sizeof(entry), fp) != NULL) {
		const size_t len = strlen(entry);

		if (len == 0)
			continue;
		entry[len - 1] = '\0';
		if (prototypes__add(&class_names, entry))
			goto out;
	}

	err = 0;
out:
	fclose(fp);
	return err;
}

static int add_class_name_entry(const char *s)
{
	if (strncmp(s, "file://", 7) == 0) {
		if (prototypes__load(&class_names, s + 7))
			return -1;
	} else switch (prototypes__add(&class_names, s)) {
	case -EEXIST:
		if (global_verbose)
			fprintf(stderr,
				"pahole: %s dup in -C, ignoring\n", s);
		break;
	case -ENOMEM:
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int populate_class_names(void)
{
	char *s = strdup(class_name), *sep;
	char *sdup = s, *end = s + strlen(s);
	int ret = 0;

	if (!s) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Not enough memory for populating class names ('%s')\n", class_name);
		return -1;
	}

	/*
	 * Commas inside parameters shouldn't be considered, as those don't
	 * separate classes, but arguments to a particular class hack a simple
	 * parser, but really this will end up needing lex/yacc...
	 */
	while ((sep = strchr(s, ',')) != NULL) {
		char *parens = strchr(s, '(');

		// perf_event_header(sizeof=size),a

		if (parens && parens < sep) {
			char *close_parens = strchr(parens, ')');
			ret = -1;
			if (!close_parens) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Unterminated '(' in '%s'\n", class_name);
				fprintf(stderr, "                     %*.s^\n", (int)(parens - sdup), "");
				goto out_free;
			}
			if (close_parens > sep)
				sep = close_parens + 1;
		}

		*sep = '\0';
		ret = add_class_name_entry(s);
		if (ret)
			goto out_free;

		while (isspace(*sep))
			++sep;

		if (sep == end)
			goto out_free;

		s = sep + 1;
	}

	ret = add_class_name_entry(s);
out_free:
	free(sdup);
	return ret;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int err, remaining, rc = EXIT_FAILURE;

	if (!isatty(0))
		conf.hex_fmt = 0;

	if (argp_parse(&pahole__argp, argc, argv, 0, &remaining, NULL)) {
		argp_help(&pahole__argp, stderr, ARGP_HELP_SEE, argv[0]);
		goto out;
	}

	if (print_numeric_version) {
		dwarves_print_numeric_version(stdout);
		return 0;
	}

	if (dwarves__init(cacheline_size)) {
		fputs("pahole: insufficient memory\n", stderr);
		goto out;
	}

	if (base_btf_file) {
		base_btf = btf__parse(base_btf_file, NULL);
		if (libbpf_get_error(base_btf)) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to parse base BTF '%s': %ld\n",
				base_btf_file, libbpf_get_error(base_btf));
			goto out;
		}
		if (!btf_encode && !ctf_encode) {
			// Force "btf" since a btf_base is being informed
			conf_load.format_path = "btf";
		}
	}

	struct cus *cus = cus__new();
	if (cus == NULL) {
		fputs("pahole: insufficient memory\n", stderr);
		goto out_dwarves_exit;
	}

	memset(tab, ' ', sizeof(tab) - 1);

	conf_load.steal = pahole_stealer;

	// Make 'pahole --header type < file' a shorter form of 'pahole -C type --count 1 < file'
	if (conf.header_type && !class_name && !isatty(0)) {
		conf.count = 1;
		class_name = conf.header_type;
		conf.header_type = 0; // so that we don't read it and then try to read the -C type
	}

try_sole_arg_as_class_names:
	if (class_name && populate_class_names())
		goto out_dwarves_exit;

	if (base_btf_file == NULL) {
		const char *filename = argv[remaining];

		if (filename &&
		    strstarts(filename, "/sys/kernel/btf/") &&
		    strstr(filename, "/vmlinux") == NULL) {
			base_btf_file = "/sys/kernel/btf/vmlinux";
			base_btf = btf__parse(base_btf_file, NULL);
			if (libbpf_get_error(base_btf)) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Failed to parse base BTF '%s': %ld\n",
					base_btf_file, libbpf_get_error(base_btf));
				goto out;
			}
		}
	}

	err = cus__load_files(cus, &conf_load, argv + remaining);
	if (err != 0) {
		if (class_name == NULL && !btf_encode && !ctf_encode) {
			class_name = argv[remaining];
			if (access(class_name, R_OK) == 0) {
				fprintf(stderr, "pahole: file '%s' has no %s type information.\n",
						class_name, conf_load.format_path ?: "supported");
				goto out_dwarves_exit;
			}
			remaining = argc;
			goto try_sole_arg_as_class_names;
		}
		cus__fprintf_load_files_err(cus, "pahole", argv + remaining, err, stderr);
		goto out_cus_delete;
	}

	if (!list_empty(&class_names)) {
		struct prototype *prototype;

		list_for_each_entry(prototype, &class_names, node) {
			if (prototype->class == NULL) {
				fprintf(stderr, "pahole: type '%s' not found%s\n", prototype->name,
					prototype->nr_args ? " or arguments not validated" : "");
				break;
			} else {
				struct type *type = tag__type(prototype->class);

				if (prototype->type && !type->type_member) {
					fprintf(stderr, "pahole: member 'type=%s' not found in '%s' type\n",
						prototype->type, prototype->name);
				}

				if (prototype->size && !type->sizeof_member) {
					fprintf(stderr, "pahole: member 'sizeof=%s' not found in '%s' type\n",
						prototype->size, prototype->name);
				}

				if (prototype->filter && !type->filter) {
					fprintf(stderr, "pahole: filter 'filter=%s' couldn't be evaluated for '%s' type\n",
						prototype->filter, prototype->name);
				}

				if (prototype->type_enum && !prototype->type_enum_resolved) {
					fprintf(stderr, "pahole: 'type_enum=%s' couldn't be evaluated for '%s' type\n",
						prototype->type_enum, prototype->name);
				}
			}
		}
	}

	type_instance__delete(header);
	header = NULL;

	if (btf_encode) {
		err = btf_encoder__encode();
		if (err) {
			fputs("Failed to encode BTF\n", stderr);
			goto out_cus_delete;
		}
	}

	if (stats_formatter != NULL)
		print_stats();
	rc = EXIT_SUCCESS;
out_cus_delete:
#ifdef DEBUG_CHECK_LEAKS
	cus__delete(cus);
	structures__delete();
	btf__free(base_btf);
#endif
out_dwarves_exit:
#ifdef DEBUG_CHECK_LEAKS
	dwarves__exit();
#endif
out:
#ifdef DEBUG_CHECK_LEAKS
	prototypes__delete(&class_names);
#endif
	return rc;
}