diff options
| author | Marc R. Hoffmann <hoffmann@mountainminds.com> | 2014-03-13 12:31:30 +0100 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Marc R. Hoffmann <hoffmann@mountainminds.com> | 2014-03-13 12:31:30 +0100 |
| commit | fa48e77d201142b63ad616d925696305300d75e1 (patch) | |
| tree | c476b4cf7972bfa9673565e6d4776d5806d756dd /org.jacoco.doc/docroot | |
| parent | 2cd6b616e27c1dd9867038281e491cee9c857545 (diff) | |
| download | jacoco-fa48e77d201142b63ad616d925696305300d75e1.tar.gz | |
New chapter about class ids.
Diffstat (limited to 'org.jacoco.doc/docroot')
| -rw-r--r-- | org.jacoco.doc/docroot/doc/classids.html | 183 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | org.jacoco.doc/docroot/doc/faq.html | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | org.jacoco.doc/docroot/doc/index.html | 1 |
3 files changed, 187 insertions, 2 deletions
diff --git a/org.jacoco.doc/docroot/doc/classids.html b/org.jacoco.doc/docroot/doc/classids.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b59fec21 --- /dev/null +++ b/org.jacoco.doc/docroot/doc/classids.html @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> +<head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> + <link rel="stylesheet" href=".resources/doc.css" charset="UTF-8" type="text/css" /> + <link rel="shortcut icon" href=".resources/report.gif" type="image/gif" /> + <title>JaCoCo - Class Ids</title> +</head> +<body> + +<div class="breadcrumb"> + <a href="../index.html" class="el_report">JaCoCo</a> > + <a href="index.html" class="el_group">Documentation</a> > + <span class="el_source">Class Ids</span> +</div> +<div id="content"> + +<h1>Class Ids</h1> + +<p> + As JaCoCo's class identifiers are sometimes causing confusion this chapter + answers the concepts and common issues with class ids in FAQ style format. +</p> + +<h3>What are class ids and how are they created?</h3> +<p> + Class ids are 64-bit integer values, for example + <code>0x638e104737889183</code> in hex notation. Their calculation is + considered an implementation detail of JaCoCo. Currently ids are created with + a CRC64 checksum of the raw class file. +</p> + +<h3>What are class ids used for?</h3> +<p> + Class ids are used to unambiguously identify Java classes. At runtime execution + data is sampled for every loaded class and typically stored to + <code>*.exec</code> files. At analysis time — for example for report + generation — the class ids are used to relate analyzed classes with the + execution data. +</p> + +<h3>What are the advantages of JaCoCo class ids?</h3> +<p> + The concept of class ids allows distinguishing different versions of classes, + for example when multiple versions of an application are deployed to an + application server or different versions of libraries are included. +</p> +<p> + Also class ids are the prerequisite for JaCoCo's minimal runtime-overhead and + small <code>*.exec</code> files even for very large applications under test. +</p> + +<h3>What is the disadvantage of JaCoCo class ids?</h3> +<p> + The fact that class ids identify a specific version of a class causes problems + in setups where different classes are used at runtime and at analysis time. +</p> + +<h3>What happens if different classes are used at runtime and at analysis time?</h3> +<p> + In this case execution data cannot be related to the analyzed classes. As a + consequence such classes are reported with 0% coverage. +</p> + +<h3>How can I detect that I have a problem with class ids?</h3> +<p> + The typical symptom of class id mismatch is classes not shown as covered + although they have been executed during the test. This situation can be easily + detected e.g. in the HTML report: Open the <i>Sessions</i> page with the link + on the top-right corner. You see a list of all classes where execution data + has been collected for. Find the class in questions and check whether the + entry has a link to the corresponding coverage report page. If the entry is + not linked this means there is a class id mismatch between the class used at + runtime and the class provided to create the report. +</p> + +<h3>What can cause different class ids?</h3> +<p> + Class ids are identical for the exact same class file only (byte-by-byte). + There is a couple of reasons why you might get different class files. First + compiling Java source files will result in different class files if you use + a different tool chain: +</p> +<ul> + <li>Different compiler vendor (e.g. Eclipse vs. Oracle JDK)</li> + <li>Different compiler versions</li> + <li>Different compiler settings (e.g. debug vs. non-debug) </li> +</ul> +<p> + Also post-processing class files (obfuscation, AspectJ, etc.) will typically + change the class files. JaCoCo will work well if you simply use the same class + files for runtime as well as for analysis. So the tool chain to create these + class files does not matter. +</p> +<p> + Even if the class files on the file system are the same there is possible that + classes seen by the JaCoCo runtime agent are different anyways. This typically + happens when another Java agent is configured <i>before</i> the JaCoCo agent + or special class loaders pre-process the class files. Typical candidates are: +</p> +<ul> + <li>Mocking frameworks</li> + <li>Application servers</li> + <li>Persistence frameworks</li> +</ul> + +<h3>What workarounds exist to deal with runtime-modified classes?</h3> +<p> + If classes get modified at runtime in your setup there are some workarounds to + make JaCoCo work anyways: +</p> +<ul> + <li>If you use another Java agent make sure the <a href="agent.html">JaCoCo + agent</a> is specified at first in the command line. This way the JaCoCo + agent should see the original class files.</li> + <li>Specify the <code>classdumpdir</code> option of the + <a href="agent.html">JaCoCo agent</a> and use the dumped classes at report + generation. Note that only loaded classes will be dumped, i.e. classes not + executed at all will not show-up in your report as not covered.</li> + <li>Use <a href="offline.html">offline instrumentation</a> before you run your + tests. This way classes get instrumented by JaCoCo before any runtime + modification can take place. Note that in this case the report has to be + generated with the <i>original</i> classes, not with instrumented ones.</li> +</ul> + +<h3>Why can't JaCoCo simply use the class name to identify classes?</h3> +<p> + To understand why JaCoCo can't rely on class names we need to have a look at + the way how JaCoCo measures code coverage. +</p> +<p> + JaCoCo tracks execution with so called <i>probes</i>. Probes are additional + byte code instructions inserted in the original class file which will note + when they are executed and report this to the JaCoCo runtime. This process is + called <i>instrumentation</i>. To keep the runtime overhead minimal, only a + few probes are inserted at "strategic" places. These probe positions are + determined by <a href="flow.html">analyzing the control flow</a> of all + methods of a class. As a result every instrumented class produces a list of + <code>n</code> boolean flags indicating whether the probe has been executed or + not. A JaCoCo <code>*.exec</code> file simply stores a boolean array per + class id. +</p> +<p> + At analysis time, for example for report generation, the <code>*.exec</code> + file is used to get information about probe execution status. But as probes + are stored in a plain boolean array there is no information like corresponding + methods or lines. To retrieve this information we need the original class + files and perform the exact same control flow analysis than at instrumentation + time. Because this is a deterministic process we get the same probe positions. + With this information we can now interfere the execution status of every + single instruction and branch of a method. Using the debug information + embedded in the class files we can also calculate line coverage. +</p> +<p> + If we would use just slightly different classes at analysis time than at + runtime — e.g. different method ordering or additional branches — + we would end-up with different probes. For example the probe at index + <code>i</code> would be in method <code>a()</code> and not in method + <b>b()</b>. Obviously this will create random coverage results. +</p> + +<h3>Why do I get an error when I try to analyze multiple versions of the same + class with a group?</h3> +<p> + JaCoCo always analyzes a set of class as a group. The group is used to + aggregate data for source files and packages (both can contain multiple + classes). Within the reporting API classes are identified by their fully + qualified name (e.g. to create stable file names in the HTML reports). + Therefore it is not possible to include two different classes with the same + name within a group. Anyhow it is possible to analyze different versions of + class files in separate groups, for example the <a href="ant.html#report">Ant + report task</a> can be configured with multiple groups. +</p> + +</div> +<div class="footer"> + <span class="right"><a href="@jacoco.home.url@">JaCoCo</a> @qualified.bundle.version@</span> + <a href="license.html">Copyright</a> © @copyright.years@ Mountainminds GmbH & Co. KG and Contributors +</div> + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/org.jacoco.doc/docroot/doc/faq.html b/org.jacoco.doc/docroot/doc/faq.html index 82c4c475..55276bb0 100644 --- a/org.jacoco.doc/docroot/doc/faq.html +++ b/org.jacoco.doc/docroot/doc/faq.html @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ with debug information. </p> -<h3>Why does the coverage report coverage report not show highlighted source code?</h3> +<h3>Why does the coverage report not show highlighted source code?</h3> <p> Make sure the following prerequisites are fulfilled to get source code highlighting in JaCoCo coverage reports: @@ -81,7 +81,8 @@ class at execution time is a different class file. Make sure you're using the exact same class file at runtime as for report generation. Note that some tools (e.g. EJB containers, mocking frameworks) might modify your class files - at runtime. + at runtime. Please see the chapter about <a href="classids.html"> class + ids</a> for a detailed discussion. </p> <h3>Why are Java interface types not shown in the coverage reports?</h3> diff --git a/org.jacoco.doc/docroot/doc/index.html b/org.jacoco.doc/docroot/doc/index.html index 323ad39a..1929b8fa 100644 --- a/org.jacoco.doc/docroot/doc/index.html +++ b/org.jacoco.doc/docroot/doc/index.html @@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ <li><a href="examples/build/pom.xml">Maven Usage Example</a> - <a href="examples/build/pom-offline.xml">Offline Example</a></li> <li><a href="agent.html">Java Agent</a></li> + <li><a href="classids.html">Class Ids</a></li> <li><a href="offline.html">Offline Instrumentation</a></li> <li><a href="faq.html">FAQ</a></li> <li><a href="support.html">Support and Feedback</a></li> |