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+# Copyright 2014 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Common utility library."""
+
+import functools
+import inspect
+import logging
+
+import six
+from six.moves import urllib
+
+
+__author__ = [
+ 'rafek@google.com (Rafe Kaplan)',
+ 'guido@google.com (Guido van Rossum)',
+]
+
+__all__ = [
+ 'positional',
+ 'POSITIONAL_WARNING',
+ 'POSITIONAL_EXCEPTION',
+ 'POSITIONAL_IGNORE',
+]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+POSITIONAL_WARNING = 'WARNING'
+POSITIONAL_EXCEPTION = 'EXCEPTION'
+POSITIONAL_IGNORE = 'IGNORE'
+POSITIONAL_SET = frozenset([POSITIONAL_WARNING, POSITIONAL_EXCEPTION,
+ POSITIONAL_IGNORE])
+
+positional_parameters_enforcement = POSITIONAL_WARNING
+
+
+def positional(max_positional_args):
+ """A decorator to declare that only the first N arguments my be positional.
+
+ This decorator makes it easy to support Python 3 style keyword-only
+ parameters. For example, in Python 3 it is possible to write::
+
+ def fn(pos1, *, kwonly1=None, kwonly1=None):
+ ...
+
+ All named parameters after ``*`` must be a keyword::
+
+ fn(10, 'kw1', 'kw2') # Raises exception.
+ fn(10, kwonly1='kw1') # Ok.
+
+ Example
+ ^^^^^^^
+
+ To define a function like above, do::
+
+ @positional(1)
+ def fn(pos1, kwonly1=None, kwonly2=None):
+ ...
+
+ If no default value is provided to a keyword argument, it becomes a
+ required keyword argument::
+
+ @positional(0)
+ def fn(required_kw):
+ ...
+
+ This must be called with the keyword parameter::
+
+ fn() # Raises exception.
+ fn(10) # Raises exception.
+ fn(required_kw=10) # Ok.
+
+ When defining instance or class methods always remember to account for
+ ``self`` and ``cls``::
+
+ class MyClass(object):
+
+ @positional(2)
+ def my_method(self, pos1, kwonly1=None):
+ ...
+
+ @classmethod
+ @positional(2)
+ def my_method(cls, pos1, kwonly1=None):
+ ...
+
+ The positional decorator behavior is controlled by
+ ``util.positional_parameters_enforcement``, which may be set to
+ ``POSITIONAL_EXCEPTION``, ``POSITIONAL_WARNING`` or
+ ``POSITIONAL_IGNORE`` to raise an exception, log a warning, or do
+ nothing, respectively, if a declaration is violated.
+
+ Args:
+ max_positional_arguments: Maximum number of positional arguments. All
+ parameters after the this index must be
+ keyword only.
+
+ Returns:
+ A decorator that prevents using arguments after max_positional_args
+ from being used as positional parameters.
+
+ Raises:
+ TypeError: if a key-word only argument is provided as a positional
+ parameter, but only if
+ util.positional_parameters_enforcement is set to
+ POSITIONAL_EXCEPTION.
+ """
+
+ def positional_decorator(wrapped):
+ @functools.wraps(wrapped)
+ def positional_wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+ if len(args) > max_positional_args:
+ plural_s = ''
+ if max_positional_args != 1:
+ plural_s = 's'
+ message = ('{function}() takes at most {args_max} positional '
+ 'argument{plural} ({args_given} given)'.format(
+ function=wrapped.__name__,
+ args_max=max_positional_args,
+ args_given=len(args),
+ plural=plural_s))
+ if positional_parameters_enforcement == POSITIONAL_EXCEPTION:
+ raise TypeError(message)
+ elif positional_parameters_enforcement == POSITIONAL_WARNING:
+ logger.warning(message)
+ return wrapped(*args, **kwargs)
+ return positional_wrapper
+
+ if isinstance(max_positional_args, six.integer_types):
+ return positional_decorator
+ else:
+ args, _, _, defaults = inspect.getargspec(max_positional_args)
+ return positional(len(args) - len(defaults))(max_positional_args)
+
+
+def scopes_to_string(scopes):
+ """Converts scope value to a string.
+
+ If scopes is a string then it is simply passed through. If scopes is an
+ iterable then a string is returned that is all the individual scopes
+ concatenated with spaces.
+
+ Args:
+ scopes: string or iterable of strings, the scopes.
+
+ Returns:
+ The scopes formatted as a single string.
+ """
+ if isinstance(scopes, six.string_types):
+ return scopes
+ else:
+ return ' '.join(scopes)
+
+
+def string_to_scopes(scopes):
+ """Converts stringifed scope value to a list.
+
+ If scopes is a list then it is simply passed through. If scopes is an
+ string then a list of each individual scope is returned.
+
+ Args:
+ scopes: a string or iterable of strings, the scopes.
+
+ Returns:
+ The scopes in a list.
+ """
+ if not scopes:
+ return []
+ if isinstance(scopes, six.string_types):
+ return scopes.split(' ')
+ else:
+ return scopes
+
+
+def _add_query_parameter(url, name, value):
+ """Adds a query parameter to a url.
+
+ Replaces the current value if it already exists in the URL.
+
+ Args:
+ url: string, url to add the query parameter to.
+ name: string, query parameter name.
+ value: string, query parameter value.
+
+ Returns:
+ Updated query parameter. Does not update the url if value is None.
+ """
+ if value is None:
+ return url
+ else:
+ parsed = list(urllib.parse.urlparse(url))
+ q = dict(urllib.parse.parse_qsl(parsed[4]))
+ q[name] = value
+ parsed[4] = urllib.parse.urlencode(q)
+ return urllib.parse.urlunparse(parsed)