path: root/binary_search_tool/binary_search_state.py

#!/usr/bin/env python2
"""The binary search wrapper."""

from __future__ import print_function

import argparse
import contextlib
import errno
import math
import os
import pickle
import sys
import tempfile
import time

# Adds cros_utils to PYTHONPATH
import common

# Now we do import from cros_utils
from cros_utils import command_executer
from cros_utils import logger

import binary_search_perforce

GOOD_SET_VAR = 'BISECT_GOOD_SET'
BAD_SET_VAR = 'BISECT_BAD_SET'

STATE_FILE = '%s.state' % sys.argv[0]
HIDDEN_STATE_FILE = os.path.join(
    os.path.dirname(STATE_FILE), '.%s' % os.path.basename(STATE_FILE))


class Error(Exception):
  """The general binary search tool error class."""
  pass


@contextlib.contextmanager
def SetFile(env_var, items):
  """Generate set files that can be used by switch/test scripts.

  Generate temporary set file (good/bad) holding contents of good/bad items for
  the current binary search iteration. Store the name of each file as an
  environment variable so all child processes can access it.

  This function is a contextmanager, meaning it's meant to be used with the
  "with" statement in Python. This is so cleanup and setup happens automatically
  and cleanly. Execution of the outer "with" statement happens at the "yield"
  statement.

  Args:
    env_var: What environment variable to store the file name in.
    items: What items are in this set.
  """
  with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as f:
    os.environ[env_var] = f.name
    f.write('\n'.join(items))
    f.flush()
    yield


class BinarySearchState(object):
  """The binary search state class."""

  def __init__(self, get_initial_items, switch_to_good, switch_to_bad,
               test_setup_script, test_script, incremental, prune, iterations,
               prune_iterations, verify, file_args, verbose):
    """BinarySearchState constructor, see Run for full args documentation."""
    self.get_initial_items = get_initial_items
    self.switch_to_good = switch_to_good
    self.switch_to_bad = switch_to_bad
    self.test_setup_script = test_setup_script
    self.test_script = test_script
    self.incremental = incremental
    self.prune = prune
    self.iterations = iterations
    self.prune_iterations = prune_iterations
    self.verify = verify
    self.file_args = file_args
    self.verbose = verbose

    self.l = logger.GetLogger()
    self.ce = command_executer.GetCommandExecuter()

    self.resumed = False
    self.prune_cycles = 0
    self.search_cycles = 0
    self.binary_search = None
    self.all_items = None
    self.PopulateItemsUsingCommand(self.get_initial_items)
    self.currently_good_items = set([])
    self.currently_bad_items = set([])
    self.found_items = set([])
    self.known_good = set([])

    self.start_time = time.time()

  def SwitchToGood(self, item_list):
    """Switch given items to "good" set."""
    if self.incremental:
      self.l.LogOutput(
          'Incremental set. Wanted to switch %s to good' % str(item_list),
          print_to_console=self.verbose)
      incremental_items = [
          item for item in item_list if item not in self.currently_good_items
      ]
      item_list = incremental_items
      self.l.LogOutput(
          'Incremental set. Actually switching %s to good' % str(item_list),
          print_to_console=self.verbose)

    if not item_list:
      return

    self.l.LogOutput(
        'Switching %s to good' % str(item_list), print_to_console=self.verbose)
    self.RunSwitchScript(self.switch_to_good, item_list)
    self.currently_good_items = self.currently_good_items.union(set(item_list))
    self.currently_bad_items.difference_update(set(item_list))

  def SwitchToBad(self, item_list):
    """Switch given items to "bad" set."""
    if self.incremental:
      self.l.LogOutput(
          'Incremental set. Wanted to switch %s to bad' % str(item_list),
          print_to_console=self.verbose)
      incremental_items = [
          item for item in item_list if item not in self.currently_bad_items
      ]
      item_list = incremental_items
      self.l.LogOutput(
          'Incremental set. Actually switching %s to bad' % str(item_list),
          print_to_console=self.verbose)

    if not item_list:
      return

    self.l.LogOutput(
        'Switching %s to bad' % str(item_list), print_to_console=self.verbose)
    self.RunSwitchScript(self.switch_to_bad, item_list)
    self.currently_bad_items = self.currently_bad_items.union(set(item_list))
    self.currently_good_items.difference_update(set(item_list))

  def RunSwitchScript(self, switch_script, item_list):
    """Pass given items to switch script.

    Args:
      switch_script: path to switch script
      item_list: list of all items to be switched
    """
    if self.file_args:
      with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as f:
        f.write('\n'.join(item_list))
        f.flush()
        command = '%s %s' % (switch_script, f.name)
        ret, _, _ = self.ce.RunCommandWExceptionCleanup(
            command, print_to_console=self.verbose)
    else:
      command = '%s %s' % (switch_script, ' '.join(item_list))
      try:
        ret, _, _ = self.ce.RunCommandWExceptionCleanup(
            command, print_to_console=self.verbose)
      except OSError as e:
        if e.errno == errno.E2BIG:
          raise Error('Too many arguments for switch script! Use --file_args')
        else:
          raise
    assert ret == 0, 'Switch script %s returned %d' % (switch_script, ret)

  def TestScript(self):
    """Run test script and return exit code from script."""
    command = self.test_script
    ret, _, _ = self.ce.RunCommandWExceptionCleanup(command)
    return ret

  def TestSetupScript(self):
    """Run test setup script and return exit code from script."""
    if not self.test_setup_script:
      return 0

    command = self.test_setup_script
    ret, _, _ = self.ce.RunCommandWExceptionCleanup(command)
    return ret

  def DoVerify(self):
    """Verify correctness of test environment.

    Verify that a "good" set of items produces a "good" result and that a "bad"
    set of items produces a "bad" result. To be run directly before running
    DoSearch. If verify is False this step is skipped.
    """
    if not self.verify:
      return

    self.l.LogOutput('VERIFICATION')
    self.l.LogOutput('Beginning tests to verify good/bad sets\n')

    self._OutputProgress('Verifying items from GOOD set\n')
    with SetFile(GOOD_SET_VAR, self.all_items), SetFile(BAD_SET_VAR, []):
      self.l.LogOutput('Resetting all items to good to verify.')
      self.SwitchToGood(self.all_items)
      status = self.TestSetupScript()
      assert status == 0, 'When reset_to_good, test setup should succeed.'
      status = self.TestScript()
      assert status == 0, 'When reset_to_good, status should be 0.'

    self._OutputProgress('Verifying items from BAD set\n')
    with SetFile(GOOD_SET_VAR, []), SetFile(BAD_SET_VAR, self.all_items):
      self.l.LogOutput('Resetting all items to bad to verify.')
      self.SwitchToBad(self.all_items)
      status = self.TestSetupScript()
      # The following assumption is not true; a bad image might not
      # successfully push onto a device.
      # assert status == 0, 'When reset_to_bad, test setup should succeed.'
      if status == 0:
        status = self.TestScript()
      assert status == 1, 'When reset_to_bad, status should be 1.'

  def DoSearch(self):
    """Perform full search for bad items.

    Perform full search until prune_iterations number of bad items are found.
    """
    while (True and len(self.all_items) > 1 and
           self.prune_cycles < self.prune_iterations):
      terminated = self.DoBinarySearch()
      self.prune_cycles += 1
      if not terminated:
        break
      # Prune is set.
      prune_index = self.binary_search.current

      # If found item is last item, no new items can be found
      if prune_index == len(self.all_items) - 1:
        self.l.LogOutput('First bad item is the last item. Breaking.')
        self.l.LogOutput('Bad items are: %s' % self.all_items[-1])
        break

      # If already seen item we have no new bad items to find, finish up
      if self.all_items[prune_index] in self.found_items:
        self.l.LogOutput(
            'Found item already found before: %s.' %
            self.all_items[prune_index],
            print_to_console=self.verbose)
        self.l.LogOutput('No more bad items remaining. Done searching.')
        self.l.LogOutput('Bad items are: %s' % ' '.join(self.found_items))
        break

      new_all_items = list(self.all_items)
      # Move prune item to the end of the list.
      new_all_items.append(new_all_items.pop(prune_index))
      self.found_items.add(new_all_items[-1])

      # Everything below newly found bad item is now known to be a good item.
      # Take these good items out of the equation to save time on the next
      # search. We save these known good items so they are still sent to the
      # switch_to_good script.
      if prune_index:
        self.known_good.update(new_all_items[:prune_index])
        new_all_items = new_all_items[prune_index:]

      self.l.LogOutput(
          'Old list: %s. New list: %s' % (str(self.all_items),
                                          str(new_all_items)),
          print_to_console=self.verbose)

      if not self.prune:
        self.l.LogOutput('Not continuning further, --prune is not set')
        break
      # FIXME: Do we need to Convert the currently good items to bad
      self.PopulateItemsUsingList(new_all_items)

  def DoBinarySearch(self):
    """Perform single iteration of binary search."""
    # If in resume mode don't reset search_cycles
    if not self.resumed:
      self.search_cycles = 0
    else:
      self.resumed = False

    terminated = False
    while self.search_cycles < self.iterations and not terminated:
      self.SaveState()
      self.OutputIterationProgress()

      self.search_cycles += 1
      [bad_items, good_items] = self.GetNextItems()

      with SetFile(GOOD_SET_VAR, good_items), SetFile(BAD_SET_VAR, bad_items):
        # TODO: bad_items should come first.
        self.SwitchToGood(good_items)
        self.SwitchToBad(bad_items)
        status = self.TestSetupScript()
        if status == 0:
          status = self.TestScript()
        terminated = self.binary_search.SetStatus(status)

      if terminated:
        self.l.LogOutput('Terminated!', print_to_console=self.verbose)
    if not terminated:
      self.l.LogOutput('Ran out of iterations searching...')
    self.l.LogOutput(str(self), print_to_console=self.verbose)
    return terminated

  def PopulateItemsUsingCommand(self, command):
    """Update all_items and binary search logic from executable.

    This method is mainly required for enumerating the initial list of items
    from the get_initial_items script.

    Args:
      command: path to executable that will enumerate items.
    """
    ce = command_executer.GetCommandExecuter()
    _, out, _ = ce.RunCommandWExceptionCleanup(
        command, return_output=True, print_to_console=self.verbose)
    all_items = out.split()
    self.PopulateItemsUsingList(all_items)

  def PopulateItemsUsingList(self, all_items):
    """Update all_items and binary searching logic from list.

    Args:
      all_items: new list of all_items
    """
    self.all_items = all_items
    self.binary_search = binary_search_perforce.BinarySearcher(
        logger_to_set=self.l)
    self.binary_search.SetSortedList(self.all_items)

  def SaveState(self):
    """Save state to STATE_FILE.

    SaveState will create a new unique, hidden state file to hold data from
    object. Then atomically overwrite the STATE_FILE symlink to point to the
    new data.

    Raises:
      Error if STATE_FILE already exists but is not a symlink.
    """
    ce, l = self.ce, self.l
    self.ce, self.l, self.binary_search.logger = None, None, None
    old_state = None

    _, path = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix=HIDDEN_STATE_FILE, dir='.')
    with open(path, 'wb') as f:
      pickle.dump(self, f)

    if os.path.exists(STATE_FILE):
      if os.path.islink(STATE_FILE):
        old_state = os.readlink(STATE_FILE)
      else:
        raise Error(('%s already exists and is not a symlink!\n'
                     'State file saved to %s' % (STATE_FILE, path)))

    # Create new link and atomically overwrite old link
    temp_link = '%s.link' % HIDDEN_STATE_FILE
    os.symlink(path, temp_link)
    os.rename(temp_link, STATE_FILE)

    if old_state:
      os.remove(old_state)

    self.ce, self.l, self.binary_search.logger = ce, l, l

  @classmethod
  def LoadState(cls):
    """Create BinarySearchState object from STATE_FILE."""
    if not os.path.isfile(STATE_FILE):
      return None
    try:
      bss = pickle.load(file(STATE_FILE))
      bss.l = logger.GetLogger()
      bss.ce = command_executer.GetCommandExecuter()
      bss.binary_search.logger = bss.l
      bss.start_time = time.time()

      # Set resumed to be True so we can enter DoBinarySearch without the method
      # resetting our current search_cycles to 0.
      bss.resumed = True

      # Set currently_good_items and currently_bad_items to empty so that the
      # first iteration after resuming will always be non-incremental. This is
      # just in case the environment changes, the user makes manual changes, or
      # a previous switch_script corrupted the environment.
      bss.currently_good_items = set([])
      bss.currently_bad_items = set([])

      binary_search_perforce.verbose = bss.verbose
      return bss
    except StandardError:
      return None

  def RemoveState(self):
    """Remove STATE_FILE and its symlinked data from file system."""
    if os.path.exists(STATE_FILE):
      if os.path.islink(STATE_FILE):
        real_file = os.readlink(STATE_FILE)
        os.remove(real_file)
        os.remove(STATE_FILE)

  def GetNextItems(self):
    """Get next items for binary search based on result of the last test run."""
    border_item = self.binary_search.GetNext()
    index = self.all_items.index(border_item)

    next_bad_items = self.all_items[:index + 1]
    next_good_items = self.all_items[index + 1:] + list(self.known_good)

    return [next_bad_items, next_good_items]

  def ElapsedTimeString(self):
    """Return h m s format of elapsed time since execution has started."""
    diff = int(time.time() - self.start_time)
    seconds = diff % 60
    minutes = (diff / 60) % 60
    hours = diff / (60 * 60)

    seconds = str(seconds).rjust(2)
    minutes = str(minutes).rjust(2)
    hours = str(hours).rjust(2)

    return '%sh %sm %ss' % (hours, minutes, seconds)

  def _OutputProgress(self, progress_text):
    """Output current progress of binary search to console and logs.

    Args:
      progress_text: The progress to display to the user.
    """
    progress = ('\n***** PROGRESS (elapsed time: %s) *****\n'
                '%s'
                '************************************************')
    progress = progress % (self.ElapsedTimeString(), progress_text)
    self.l.LogOutput(progress)

  def OutputIterationProgress(self):
    out = ('Search %d of estimated %d.\n'
           'Prune %d of max %d.\n'
           'Current bad items found:\n'
           '%s\n')
    out = out % (self.search_cycles + 1,
                 math.ceil(math.log(len(self.all_items), 2)),
                 self.prune_cycles + 1, self.prune_iterations,
                 ', '.join(self.found_items))
    self._OutputProgress(out)

  def __str__(self):
    ret = ''
    ret += 'all: %s\n' % str(self.all_items)
    ret += 'currently_good: %s\n' % str(self.currently_good_items)
    ret += 'currently_bad: %s\n' % str(self.currently_bad_items)
    ret += str(self.binary_search)
    return ret


class MockBinarySearchState(BinarySearchState):
  """Mock class for BinarySearchState."""

  def __init__(self, **kwargs):
    # Initialize all arguments to None
    default_kwargs = {
        'get_initial_items': 'echo "1"',
        'switch_to_good': None,
        'switch_to_bad': None,
        'test_setup_script': None,
        'test_script': None,
        'incremental': True,
        'prune': False,
        'iterations': 50,
        'prune_iterations': 100,
        'verify': True,
        'file_args': False,
        'verbose': False
    }
    default_kwargs.update(kwargs)
    super(MockBinarySearchState, self).__init__(**default_kwargs)


def _CanonicalizeScript(script_name):
  """Return canonical path to script.

  Args:
    script_name: Relative or absolute path to script

  Returns:
    Canonicalized script path
  """
  script_name = os.path.expanduser(script_name)
  if not script_name.startswith('/'):
    return os.path.join('.', script_name)


def Run(get_initial_items,
        switch_to_good,
        switch_to_bad,
        test_script,
        test_setup_script=None,
        iterations=50,
        prune=False,
        noincremental=False,
        file_args=False,
        verify=True,
        prune_iterations=100,
        verbose=False,
        resume=False):
  """Run binary search tool. Equivalent to running through terminal.

  Args:
    get_initial_items: Script to enumerate all items being binary searched
    switch_to_good: Script that will take items as input and switch them to good
                    set
    switch_to_bad: Script that will take items as input and switch them to bad
                   set
    test_script: Script that will determine if the current combination of good
                 and bad items make a "good" or "bad" result.
    test_setup_script: Script to do necessary setup (building, compilation,
                       etc.) for test_script.
    iterations: How many binary search iterations to run before exiting.
    prune: If False the binary search tool will stop when the first bad item is
           found. Otherwise then binary search tool will continue searching
           until all bad items are found (or prune_iterations is reached).
    noincremental: Whether to send "diffs" of good/bad items to switch scripts.
    file_args: If True then arguments to switch scripts will be a file name
               containing a newline separated list of the items to switch.
    verify: If True, run tests to ensure initial good/bad sets actually
            produce a good/bad result.
    prune_iterations: Max number of bad items to search for.
    verbose: If True will print extra debug information to user.
    resume: If True will resume using STATE_FILE.

  Returns:
    0 for success, error otherwise
  """
  if resume:
    bss = BinarySearchState.LoadState()
    if not bss:
      logger.GetLogger().LogOutput(
          '%s is not a valid binary_search_tool state file, cannot resume!' %
          STATE_FILE)
      return 1
  else:
    switch_to_good = _CanonicalizeScript(switch_to_good)
    switch_to_bad = _CanonicalizeScript(switch_to_bad)
    if test_setup_script:
      test_setup_script = _CanonicalizeScript(test_setup_script)
    test_script = _CanonicalizeScript(test_script)
    get_initial_items = _CanonicalizeScript(get_initial_items)
    incremental = not noincremental

    binary_search_perforce.verbose = verbose

    bss = BinarySearchState(get_initial_items, switch_to_good, switch_to_bad,
                            test_setup_script, test_script, incremental, prune,
                            iterations, prune_iterations, verify, file_args,
                            verbose)
    bss.DoVerify()

  try:
    bss.DoSearch()
    bss.RemoveState()
    logger.GetLogger().LogOutput(
        'Total execution time: %s' % bss.ElapsedTimeString())
  except Error as e:
    logger.GetLogger().LogError(e)
    return 1

  return 0


def Main(argv):
  """The main function."""
  # Common initializations

  parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
  common.BuildArgParser(parser)
  logger.GetLogger().LogOutput(' '.join(argv))
  options = parser.parse_args(argv)

  if not (options.get_initial_items and options.switch_to_good and
          options.switch_to_bad and options.test_script) and not options.resume:
    parser.print_help()
    return 1

  if options.resume:
    logger.GetLogger().LogOutput('Resuming from %s' % STATE_FILE)
    if len(argv) > 1:
      logger.GetLogger().LogOutput(('Note: resuming from previous state, '
                                    'ignoring given options and loading saved '
                                    'options instead.'))

  # Get dictionary of all options
  args = vars(options)
  return Run(**args)


if __name__ == '__main__':
  sys.exit(Main(sys.argv[1:]))