diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'java/com/google/security/wycheproof/testcases/DsaTest.java')
-rw-r--r-- | java/com/google/security/wycheproof/testcases/DsaTest.java | 1144 |
1 files changed, 1144 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/java/com/google/security/wycheproof/testcases/DsaTest.java b/java/com/google/security/wycheproof/testcases/DsaTest.java new file mode 100644 index 0000000..edfaa74 --- /dev/null +++ b/java/com/google/security/wycheproof/testcases/DsaTest.java @@ -0,0 +1,1144 @@ +/** + * @license + * Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved. + * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); + * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. + * You may obtain a copy of the License at + * + * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 + * + * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software + * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, + * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. + * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and + * limitations under the License. + */ + +// TODO(bleichen): +// - add tests for SHA1WithDSA with wrong key +// - add tests for "alternative" algorithm names +// - convert tests for deterministic DSA variants. +// Deterministic DSA has a few new drawbacks: +// * implementations flaws that generate k incorrectly can leak +// the key if multiple implementations (e.g. one correct one incorrect) +// is used. +// * timing attacks are more serious if the attacker can ask for the same +// signature multiple times, since this allows to get more accurate timings. +package com.google.security.wycheproof; + +import com.google.security.wycheproof.WycheproofRunner.ProviderType; +import com.google.security.wycheproof.WycheproofRunner.SlowTest; +import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory; +import java.lang.management.ThreadMXBean; +import java.math.BigInteger; +import java.security.GeneralSecurityException; +import java.security.KeyFactory; +import java.security.KeyPair; +import java.security.KeyPairGenerator; +import java.security.MessageDigest; +import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; +import java.security.PublicKey; +import java.security.Signature; +import java.security.SignatureException; +import java.security.interfaces.DSAParams; +import java.security.interfaces.DSAPrivateKey; +import java.security.interfaces.DSAPublicKey; +import java.security.spec.DSAPrivateKeySpec; +import java.security.spec.DSAPublicKeySpec; +import java.util.Arrays; +import javax.crypto.Cipher; +import junit.framework.TestCase; + +/** + * Tests DSA against invalid signatures. The motivation for this test is the DSA implementation in + * gpg4browsers. This implementation accepts signatures with r=1 and s=0 as valid. + * + * @author bleichen@google.com (Daniel Bleichenbacher) + */ +public class DsaTest extends TestCase { + static final String MESSAGE = "Hello"; + + static final DSAPrivateKeySpec privateKey1 = + new DSAPrivateKeySpec( + // x + new BigInteger("15382583218386677486843706921635237927801862255437148328980464126979"), + // p + new BigInteger( + "181118486631420055711787706248812146965913392568235070235446058914" + + "1170708161715231951918020125044061516370042605439640379530343556" + + "4101919053459832890139496933938670005799610981765220283775567361" + + "4836626483403394052203488713085936276470766894079318754834062443" + + "1033792580942743268186462355159813630244169054658542719322425431" + + "4088256212718983105131138772434658820375111735710449331518776858" + + "7867938758654181244292694091187568128410190746310049564097068770" + + "8161261634790060655580211122402292101772553741704724263582994973" + + "9109274666495826205002104010355456981211025738812433088757102520" + + "562459649777989718122219159982614304359"), + // q + new BigInteger("19689526866605154788513693571065914024068069442724893395618704484701"), + // g + new BigInteger( + "2859278237642201956931085611015389087970918161297522023542900348" + + "0877180630984239764282523693409675060100542360520959501692726128" + + "3149190229583566074777557293475747419473934711587072321756053067" + + "2532404847508798651915566434553729839971841903983916294692452760" + + "2490198571084091890169933809199002313226100830607842692992570749" + + "0504363602970812128803790973955960534785317485341020833424202774" + + "0275688698461842637641566056165699733710043802697192696426360843" + + "1736206792141319514001488556117408586108219135730880594044593648" + + "9237302749293603778933701187571075920849848690861126195402696457" + + "4111219599568903257472567764789616958430")); + + static final DSAPublicKeySpec publicKey1 = + new DSAPublicKeySpec( + new BigInteger( + "3846308446317351758462473207111709291533523711306097971550086650" + + "2577333637930103311673872185522385807498738696446063139653693222" + + "3528823234976869516765207838304932337200968476150071617737755913" + + "3181601169463467065599372409821150709457431511200322947508290005" + + "1780020974429072640276810306302799924668893998032630777409440831" + + "4314588994475223696460940116068336991199969153649625334724122468" + + "7497038281983541563359385775312520539189474547346202842754393945" + + "8755803223951078082197762886933401284142487322057236814878262166" + + "5072306622943221607031324846468109901964841479558565694763440972" + + "5447389416166053148132419345627682740529"), + privateKey1.getP(), + privateKey1.getQ(), + privateKey1.getG()); + + // Signatures for Key1. + static final String[] VALID_SIGNATURES = { + "303d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + }; + + /** + * The following test vectos are derived from a valid signature by + * using alternative BER encoding as well as legacy formats. + * Accepting such signatures is in many cases benign. Hence the tests + * below will pass if such signatures are accepted as valid. + * The test vectors could be used to check for signature malleability. + * An example where this kind of signature malleability was a problem is + * https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Transaction_Malleability + */ + static final String[] MODIFIED_SIGNATURES = { + // BER:long form encoding of length + "30813d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9" + + "cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303e02811c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9" + + "cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303e021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "02811d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + // BER:length contains leading 0 + "3082003d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8" + + "c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe87862" + + "36", + "303f0282001c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8" + + "c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe87862" + + "36", + "303f021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "0282001d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe87862" + + "36", + // BER:prepending 0's to integer + "303f021e00001e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8" + + "c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe87862" + + "36", + "303f021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021f000000ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe87862" + + "36", + // The Sun provider accepts DSA signatures where a leading 00 has + // been omitted in the ASN encoding. + "303c021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021cade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + }; + + /** + * The following test vectors are invalid DSA signatures. + * According to {@link java.security.Signature#verify(byte[])} verifying an invalid + * signature may either return false or throw a SignatureException. + * We expect that a correct implementation of DSA signatures satisfies this contract. + * Throwing a RuntimeException instead of a SignatureException could for example + * result in a denial of service attack. + * + * <p>A list of problems that are caught by these signatures: + * <li> CVE-2016-5546: OpenJDK8 throwed java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException for + * some invalid DSA signatures. + * </ul> + */ + static final String[] INVALID_SIGNATURES = { + // wrong length + "303e021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303c021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303d021d1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303d021b1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021e00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021c00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + // uint32 overflow in length + "3085010000003d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916" + + "173bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813f" + + "e8786236", + "30420285010000001c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916" + + "173bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813f" + + "e8786236", + "3042021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "0285010000001d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813f" + + "e8786236", + // uint64 overflow in length + "308901000000000000003d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf348" + + "43dab916173bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf" + + "3365813fe8786236", + "3046028901000000000000001c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf348" + + "43dab916173bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf" + + "3365813fe8786236", + "3046021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "028901000000000000001d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf" + + "3365813fe8786236", + // length = 2**31 - 1 + "30847fffffff021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab91617" + + "3bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8" + + "786236", + "304102847fffffff1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab91617" + + "3bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8" + + "786236", + "3041021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "02847fffffff00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8" + + "786236", + // length = 2**32 - 1 + "3084ffffffff021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab91617" + + "3bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8" + + "786236", + "30410284ffffffff1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab91617" + + "3bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8" + + "786236", + "3041021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "0284ffffffff00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8" + + "786236", + // length = 2**64 - 1 + "3088ffffffffffffffff021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843" + + "dab916173bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf33" + + "65813fe8786236", + "30450288ffffffffffffffff1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843" + + "dab916173bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf33" + + "65813fe8786236", + "3045021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "0288ffffffffffffffff00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf33" + + "65813fe8786236", + // removing sequence + "", + // appending 0's to sequence + "303f021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe878623600" + + "00", + // prepending 0's to sequence + "303f0000021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8" + + "c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe87862" + + "36", + // appending unused 0's + "303f021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "0000021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe87862" + + "36", + // appending null value + "303f021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe878623605" + + "00", + "303f021e1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "0500021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe87862" + + "36", + "303f021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021f00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe878623605" + + "00", + // including garbage + "3042498177303d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916" + + "173bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813f" + + "e8786236", + "30412500303d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab91617" + + "3bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8" + + "786236", + "303f303d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8" + + "c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe87862" + + "360004deadbeef", + "30422221498177021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916" + + "173bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813f" + + "e8786236", + "304122202500021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab91617" + + "3bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8" + + "786236", + "3045221e021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8" + + "c9cd0004deadbeef021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf33" + + "65813fe8786236", + "3042021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "2222498177021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813f" + + "e8786236", + "3041021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "22212500021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8" + + "786236", + "3045021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "221f021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe87862" + + "360004deadbeef", + // including undefined tags + "3045aa00bb00cd00303d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843" + + "dab916173bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf33" + + "65813fe8786236", + "3043aa02aabb303d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab9" + + "16173bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf336581" + + "3fe8786236", + "30452224aa00bb00cd00021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843" + + "dab916173bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf33" + + "65813fe8786236", + "30432222aa02aabb021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab9" + + "16173bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf336581" + + "3fe8786236", + "3045021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "2225aa00bb00cd00021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf33" + + "65813fe8786236", + "3043021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "2223aa02aabb021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf336581" + + "3fe8786236", + // changing tag value + "2e3d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "323d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "ff3d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303d001c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303d041c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303dff1c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "001d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "041d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "ff1d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + // dropping value of sequence + "3000", + // using composition + "3041300102303c1c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab91617" + + "3bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8" + + "786236", + "3041222002011e021b41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab91617" + + "3bb8c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8" + + "786236", + "3041021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "2221020100021cade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8" + + "786236", + // truncate sequence + "303c021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe87862", + "303c1c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd02" + + "1d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + // indefinite length with no delimiter + "3080021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + // prepend empty sequence + "303f3000021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8" + + "c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe87862" + + "36", + // append empty sequence + "303f021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe878623630" + + "00", + // sequence of sequence + "303f303d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8" + + "c9cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe87862" + + "36", + // truncated sequence + "301e021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd", + // repeat element in sequence + "305c021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe878623602" + + "1d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + // removing integer + "301f021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + // appending 0's to integer + "303f021e1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "0000021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe87862" + + "36", + "303f021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021f00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe878623600" + + "00", + // dropping value of integer + "30210200021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "3020021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd0200", + // modify first byte of integer + "303d021c1f41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d01ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + // modify last byte of integer + "303d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cc" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786237", + // truncate integer + "303c021b1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c902" + + "1d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303c021b41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd02" + + "1d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303c021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021c00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe87862", + // leading ff in integer + "303e021dff1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9" + + "cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303e021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021eff00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + // infinity + "3022090180021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "3021021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd090180", + // Vectors where r or s have been modified e.g. by adding or subtracting the order of the + // group and hence violate the range check for r and s required by DSA. + "303d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d0168dcf02f57b0caef7ddc183bee1ca94ee09c1a02ee4b0200a54dcb93", + "303c021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021cf2efc2e24cbedb2fc00c236c5b2d1a430236b59b7880007f2ba2f8d9", + "303d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021dff5219a6772dc82cf0610be22bdb5b1e370e969830cc9a7ec017879dca", + "303d021c1e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9cd" + + "021d01ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303e021d00d9384b2032d060e59848f87cb4535936bc25fa77959e96d7f88e33" + + "2a021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303e021d00d9384b2032d060e59848f87cb4535936bc25fa77959e96d7f88e33" + + "2a021d0168dcf02f57b0caef7ddc183bee1ca94ee09c1a02ee4b0200a54dcb93", + "303d021d00d9384b2032d060e59848f87cb4535936bc25fa77959e96d7f88e33" + + "2a021cf2efc2e24cbedb2fc00c236c5b2d1a430236b59b7880007f2ba2f8d9", + "303e021d00d9384b2032d060e59848f87cb4535936bc25fa77959e96d7f88e33" + + "2a021dff5219a6772dc82cf0610be22bdb5b1e370e969830cc9a7ec017879dca", + "303e021d00d9384b2032d060e59848f87cb4535936bc25fa77959e96d7f88e33" + + "2a021d01ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303e021dff634b1dd327de7125da7903ad2163ca2addc096101fd395567ee360" + + "70021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303e021dff634b1dd327de7125da7903ad2163ca2addc096101fd395567ee360" + + "70021d0168dcf02f57b0caef7ddc183bee1ca94ee09c1a02ee4b0200a54dcb93", + "303d021dff634b1dd327de7125da7903ad2163ca2addc096101fd395567ee360" + + "70021cf2efc2e24cbedb2fc00c236c5b2d1a430236b59b7880007f2ba2f8d9", + "303e021dff634b1dd327de7125da7903ad2163ca2addc096101fd395567ee360" + + "70021dff5219a6772dc82cf0610be22bdb5b1e370e969830cc9a7ec017879dca", + "303e021dff634b1dd327de7125da7903ad2163ca2addc096101fd395567ee360" + + "70021d01ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303d021ce1be4b8652a896fa469f01eb15246e4f330cb7bc2546e9e8c4473633" + + "021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303d021ce1be4b8652a896fa469f01eb15246e4f330cb7bc2546e9e8c4473633" + + "021d0168dcf02f57b0caef7ddc183bee1ca94ee09c1a02ee4b0200a54dcb93", + "303c021ce1be4b8652a896fa469f01eb15246e4f330cb7bc2546e9e8c4473633" + + "021cf2efc2e24cbedb2fc00c236c5b2d1a430236b59b7880007f2ba2f8d9", + "303d021ce1be4b8652a896fa469f01eb15246e4f330cb7bc2546e9e8c4473633" + + "021dff5219a6772dc82cf0610be22bdb5b1e370e969830cc9a7ec017879dca", + "303d021ce1be4b8652a896fa469f01eb15246e4f330cb7bc2546e9e8c4473633" + + "021d01ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303e021d011e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9" + + "cd021d00ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + "303e021d011e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9" + + "cd021d0168dcf02f57b0caef7ddc183bee1ca94ee09c1a02ee4b0200a54dcb93", + "303d021d011e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9" + + "cd021cf2efc2e24cbedb2fc00c236c5b2d1a430236b59b7880007f2ba2f8d9", + "303e021d011e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9" + + "cd021dff5219a6772dc82cf0610be22bdb5b1e370e969830cc9a7ec017879dca", + "303e021d011e41b479ad576905b960fe14eadb91b0ccf34843dab916173bb8c9" + + "cd021d01ade65988d237d30f9ef41dd424a4e1c8f16967cf3365813fe8786236", + // Signatures with special case values for r and s. E.g. r=1, s=0 are values that can lead to + // forgeries if the DSA implementation does not check boundaries and computes s^(-1) == 0. + "3022020100021dff450969597a870820211805983688387a10cd4dcc451a7f3f432a96a3", + "3006020100020101", + "30060201000201ff", + "3022020100021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd5695d", + "3022020100021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd5695e", + "3022020100021d0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", + "3082010802010002820101008f7935d9b9aae9bfabed887acf4951b6f32ec59e" + + "3baf3718e8eac4961f3efd3606e74351a9c4183339b809e7c2ae1c539ba7475b" + + "85d011adb8b47987754984695cac0e8f14b3360828a22ffa27110a3d62a99345" + + "3409a0fe696c4658f84bdd20819c3709a01057b195adcd00233dba5484b6291f" + + "9d648ef883448677979cec04b434a6ac2e75e9985de23db0292fc1118c9ffa9d" + + "8181e7338db792b730d7b9e349592f68099872153915ea3d6b8b4653c633458f" + + "803b32a4c2e0f27290256e4e3f8a3b0838a1c450e4e18c1a29a37ddf5ea143de" + + "4b66ff04903ed5cf1623e158d487c608e97f211cd81dca23cb6e380765f822e3" + + "42be484c05763939601cd667", + "3008020100090380fe01", + "3022020101021dff450969597a870820211805983688387a10cd4dcc451a7f3f432a96a3", + "3006020101020101", + "30060201010201ff", + "3022020101021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd5695d", + "3022020101021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd5695e", + "3022020101021d0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", + "3082010802010102820101008f7935d9b9aae9bfabed887acf4951b6f32ec59e" + + "3baf3718e8eac4961f3efd3606e74351a9c4183339b809e7c2ae1c539ba7475b" + + "85d011adb8b47987754984695cac0e8f14b3360828a22ffa27110a3d62a99345" + + "3409a0fe696c4658f84bdd20819c3709a01057b195adcd00233dba5484b6291f" + + "9d648ef883448677979cec04b434a6ac2e75e9985de23db0292fc1118c9ffa9d" + + "8181e7338db792b730d7b9e349592f68099872153915ea3d6b8b4653c633458f" + + "803b32a4c2e0f27290256e4e3f8a3b0838a1c450e4e18c1a29a37ddf5ea143de" + + "4b66ff04903ed5cf1623e158d487c608e97f211cd81dca23cb6e380765f822e3" + + "42be484c05763939601cd667", + "3008020101090380fe01", + "30220201ff021dff450969597a870820211805983688387a10cd4dcc451a7f3f432a96a3", + "30060201ff020101", + "30060201ff0201ff", + "30220201ff021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd5695d", + "30220201ff021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd5695e", + "30220201ff021d0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", + "308201080201ff02820101008f7935d9b9aae9bfabed887acf4951b6f32ec59e" + + "3baf3718e8eac4961f3efd3606e74351a9c4183339b809e7c2ae1c539ba7475b" + + "85d011adb8b47987754984695cac0e8f14b3360828a22ffa27110a3d62a99345" + + "3409a0fe696c4658f84bdd20819c3709a01057b195adcd00233dba5484b6291f" + + "9d648ef883448677979cec04b434a6ac2e75e9985de23db0292fc1118c9ffa9d" + + "8181e7338db792b730d7b9e349592f68099872153915ea3d6b8b4653c633458f" + + "803b32a4c2e0f27290256e4e3f8a3b0838a1c450e4e18c1a29a37ddf5ea143de" + + "4b66ff04903ed5cf1623e158d487c608e97f211cd81dca23cb6e380765f822e3" + + "42be484c05763939601cd667", + "30080201ff090380fe01", + "303e021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd569" + + "5d021dff450969597a870820211805983688387a10cd4dcc451a7f3f432a96a3", + "3022021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd5695d020100", + "3022021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd5695d020101", + "3022021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd5695d0201ff", + "303e021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd569" + + "5d021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd5695d", + "303e021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd569" + + "5d021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd5695e", + "303e021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd569" + + "5d021d0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", + "30820124021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bc" + + "d5695d02820101008f7935d9b9aae9bfabed887acf4951b6f32ec59e3baf3718" + + "e8eac4961f3efd3606e74351a9c4183339b809e7c2ae1c539ba7475b85d011ad" + + "b8b47987754984695cac0e8f14b3360828a22ffa27110a3d62a993453409a0fe" + + "696c4658f84bdd20819c3709a01057b195adcd00233dba5484b6291f9d648ef8" + + "83448677979cec04b434a6ac2e75e9985de23db0292fc1118c9ffa9d8181e733" + + "8db792b730d7b9e349592f68099872153915ea3d6b8b4653c633458f803b32a4" + + "c2e0f27290256e4e3f8a3b0838a1c450e4e18c1a29a37ddf5ea143de4b66ff04" + + "903ed5cf1623e158d487c608e97f211cd81dca23cb6e380765f822e342be484c" + + "05763939601cd667", + "3024021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd5695d090380fe01", + "303e021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd569" + + "5e021dff450969597a870820211805983688387a10cd4dcc451a7f3f432a96a3", + "3022021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd5695e020100", + "3022021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd5695e020101", + "3022021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd5695e0201ff", + "303e021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd569" + + "5e021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd5695d", + "303e021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd569" + + "5e021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd5695e", + "303e021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bcd569" + + "5e021d0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", + "30820124021d00baf696a68578f7dfdee7fa67c977c785ef32b233bae580c0bc" + + "d5695e02820101008f7935d9b9aae9bfabed887acf4951b6f32ec59e3baf3718" + + "e8eac4961f3efd3606e74351a9c4183339b809e7c2ae1c539ba7475b85d011ad" + + "b8b47987754984695cac0e8f14b3360828a22ffa27110a3d62a993453409a0fe" + + "696c4658f84bdd20819c3709a01057b195adcd00233dba5484b6291f9d648ef8" + + "83448677979cec04b434a6ac2e75e9985de23db0292fc1118c9ffa9d8181e733" + + "8db792b730d7b9e349592f68099872153915ea3d6b8b4653c633458f803b32a4" + + 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verifier.initVerify(pub); + verifier.update(messageBytes); + boolean verified = false; + try { + verified = verifier.verify(signatureBytes); + } catch (SignatureException ex) { + // verify can throw SignatureExceptions if the signature is malformed. + // We don't flag these cases and simply consider the signature as invalid. + verified = false; + } catch (Exception ex) { + // Other exceptions indicate some internal error, e.g. careless ASN parsing. + // We count these as errors. + System.out.println(signatureType + ":" + signature + " throws:" + ex.toString()); + errors++; + continue; + } + if (isValidDER && !verified) { + System.out.println(signatureType + " was not verified:" + signature); + errors++; + } else if (!isValidBER && verified) { + System.out.println(signatureType + " was verified:" + signature); + errors++; + } + } + assertEquals(0, errors); + } + + public void testValidSignatures() throws Exception { + testVectors( + VALID_SIGNATURES, publicKey1, "Hello", "SHA224WithDSA", "Valid DSA signature", true, true); + } + + public void testModifiedSignatures() throws Exception { + testVectors( + MODIFIED_SIGNATURES, publicKey1, "Hello", "SHA224WithDSA", "Modified DSA signature", + false, true); + } + + public void testInvalidSignatures() throws Exception { + testVectors( + INVALID_SIGNATURES, publicKey1, "Hello", "SHA224WithDSA", "Invalid DSA signature", + false, false); + } + + // Extract the integer r from a DSA signature. + // This method implicitely assumes that the DSA signature is DER encoded. + BigInteger extractR(byte[] signature) throws Exception { + int lengthR = signature[3]; + return new BigInteger(Arrays.copyOfRange(signature, 4, 4 + lengthR)); + } + + BigInteger extractS(byte[] signature) throws Exception { + int lengthR = signature[3]; + int startS = 4 + lengthR; + int lengthS = signature[startS + 1]; + return new BigInteger(Arrays.copyOfRange(signature, startS + 2, startS + 2 + lengthS)); + } + + /** Extract the k that was used to sign the signature. Validates the k if check == true. */ + BigInteger extractK(byte[] signature, BigInteger h, DSAPrivateKey priv, boolean check) + throws Exception { + BigInteger x = priv.getX(); + BigInteger q = priv.getParams().getQ(); + BigInteger r = extractR(signature); + BigInteger s = extractS(signature); + BigInteger k = x.multiply(r).add(h).multiply(s.modInverse(q)).mod(q); + if (check) { + BigInteger p = priv.getParams().getP(); + BigInteger g = priv.getParams().getG(); + BigInteger r2 = g.modPow(k, p).mod(q); + assertEquals(r.toString(), r2.toString()); + } + return k; + } + + /** + * Providers that implement SHA1WithDSA but not at least SHA256WithDSA are outdated and should be + * avoided even if DSA is currently not used in a project. Such providers promote using a weak + * signature scheme. It can also "inspire" developers to use invalid schemes such as SHA1WithDSA + * together with 2048-bit key. Such invalid use cases are often untested and can have serious + * flaws. For example the SUN provider leaked the private keys with 3 to 5 signatures in such + * instances. + */ + public void testOutdatedProvider() throws Exception { + try { + Signature sig = Signature.getInstance("SHA1WithDSA"); + try { + Signature.getInstance("SHA256WithDSA"); + } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) { + fail("Provider " + sig.getProvider().getName() + " is outdated and should not be used."); + } + } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) { + System.out.println("SHA1WithDSA is not supported"); + } + } + + /** + * This is just a test for basic functionality of DSA. The test generates a public and private + * key, generates a signature, verifies it and prints the whole thing out. This test is useful + * when an implementation is seriously broken. + */ + @SlowTest(providers = {ProviderType.BOUNCY_CASTLE, ProviderType.SPONGY_CASTLE}) + @SuppressWarnings("InsecureCryptoUsage") + public void testBasic() throws Exception { + int keySize = 2048; + String algorithm = "SHA256WithDSA"; + String hashAlgorithm = "SHA-256"; + String message = "Hello"; + + byte[] messageBytes = message.getBytes("UTF-8"); + KeyPairGenerator generator = java.security.KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("DSA"); + generator.initialize(keySize); + KeyPair keyPair = generator.generateKeyPair(); + DSAPublicKey pub = (DSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic(); + DSAPrivateKey priv = (DSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate(); + Signature signer = Signature.getInstance(algorithm); + Signature verifier = Signature.getInstance(algorithm); + signer.initSign(priv); + signer.update(messageBytes); + byte[] signature = signer.sign(); + verifier.initVerify(pub); + verifier.update(messageBytes); + assertTrue(verifier.verify(signature)); + + // Extract some parameters. + byte[] rawHash = MessageDigest.getInstance(hashAlgorithm).digest(messageBytes); + DSAParams params = priv.getParams(); + + // Print keys and signature, so that it can be used to generate new test vectors. + System.out.println("Message:" + message); + System.out.println("Hash:" + TestUtil.bytesToHex(rawHash)); + System.out.println("Params:"); + System.out.println("p:" + params.getP().toString()); + System.out.println("q:" + params.getQ().toString()); + System.out.println("g:" + params.getG().toString()); + System.out.println("Private key:"); + System.out.println("X:" + priv.getX().toString()); + System.out.println("encoded:" + TestUtil.bytesToHex(priv.getEncoded())); + System.out.println("Public key:"); + System.out.println("Y:" + pub.getY().toString()); + System.out.println("encoded:" + TestUtil.bytesToHex(pub.getEncoded())); + System.out.println("Signature:" + TestUtil.bytesToHex(signature)); + System.out.println("r:" + extractR(signature).toString()); + System.out.println("s:" + extractS(signature).toString()); + } + + @SuppressWarnings("InsecureCryptoUsage") + public void testKeyGeneration(int keysize) throws Exception { + KeyPairGenerator generator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("DSA"); + generator.initialize(keysize); + KeyPair keyPair = generator.generateKeyPair(); + DSAPrivateKey priv = (DSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate(); + DSAParams params = priv.getParams(); + assertEquals(keysize, params.getP().bitLength()); + // The NIST standard does not fully specify the size of q that + // must be used for a given key size. Hence there are differences. + // For example if keysize = 2048, then OpenSSL uses 256 bit q's by default, + // but the SUN provider uses 224 bits. Both are acceptable sizes. + // The tests below simply asserts that the size of q does not decrease the + // overall security of the DSA. + int qsize = params.getQ().bitLength(); + switch (keysize) { + case 1024: + assertTrue("Invalid qsize for 1024 bit key:" + qsize, qsize >= 160); + break; + case 2048: + assertTrue("Invalid qsize for 2048 bit key:" + qsize, qsize >= 224); + break; + case 3072: + assertTrue("Invalid qsize for 3072 bit key:" + qsize, qsize >= 256); + break; + default: + fail("Invalid key size:" + keysize); + } + // Check the length of the private key. + // For example GPG4Browsers or the KJUR library derived from it use + // q.bitCount() instead of q.bitLength() to determine the size of the private key + // and hence would generate keys that are much too small. + assertTrue(priv.getX().bitLength() >= qsize - 32); + } + + /** + * Tests the key generation for DSA. + * + * <p>Problems found: + * <ul> + * <li> CVE-2016-1000343 BouncyCastle before v.1.56 always generated DSA keys with + * a 160-bit q. + * </ul> + */ + @SlowTest(providers = {ProviderType.BOUNCY_CASTLE, ProviderType.SPONGY_CASTLE}) + public void testKeyGenerationAll() throws Exception { + testKeyGeneration(1024); + testKeyGeneration(2048); + } + + /** + * Checks whether the one time key k in DSA is biased. For example the SUN provider fell for this + * test until April 2016. + */ + @SuppressWarnings("InsecureCryptoUsage") + public void testDsaBias() throws Exception { + // q is close to 2/3 * 2^160. + BigInteger q = new BigInteger("974317976835659416858874959372334979171063697271"); + BigInteger p = + new BigInteger( + "1106803511314772711673172950296693567629309594518393175860816428" + + "6658764043763662129010863568011543182924292444458455864283745070" + + "9908516713302345161980412667892373845670780253725557376379049862" + + "4062950082444499320797079243439689601679418602390654466821968220" + + "32212146727497041502702331623782703855119908989712161"); + BigInteger g = + new BigInteger( + "1057342118316953575810387190942009018497979302261477972033090351" + + "7561815639397594841480480197745063606756857212792356354588585967" + + "3837265237205154744016475608524531648654928648461175919672511710" + + "4878976887505840764543501512668232945506391524642105449699321960" + + "32410302985148400531470153936516167243072120845392903"); + BigInteger x = new BigInteger("13706102843888006547723575730792302382646994436"); + + KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance("DSA"); + DSAPrivateKey priv = (DSAPrivateKey) kf.generatePrivate(new DSAPrivateKeySpec(x, p, q, g)); + + // If we make TESTS tests with a fair coin then the probability that + // either heads or tails appears less than MINCOUNT times is less than + // 2^{-32}. + // I.e. 2*sum(binomial(tests,i) for i in range(mincount))*2**32 < 2**tests + // Therefore the test below is not expected to fail unless the generation + // of the one time keys is indeed biased. + final int tests = 1024; + final int mincount = 410; + + String hashAlgorithm = "SHA"; + String message = "Hello"; + byte[] messageBytes = message.getBytes("UTF-8"); + byte[] digest = MessageDigest.getInstance(hashAlgorithm).digest(messageBytes); + BigInteger h = new BigInteger(1, digest); + + final BigInteger qHalf = q.shiftRight(1); + Signature signer = Signature.getInstance("SHA1WithDSA"); + signer.initSign(priv); + int countLsb = 0; // count the number of k's with msb set + int countMsb = 0; // count the number of k's with lsb set + for (int i = 0; i < tests; i++) { + signer.update(messageBytes); + byte[] signature = signer.sign(); + BigInteger k = extractK(signature, h, priv, i < 10); + if (k.testBit(0)) { + countLsb++; + } + if (k.compareTo(qHalf) == 1) { + countMsb++; + } + } + if (countLsb < mincount || countLsb > tests - mincount) { + fail("Bias detected in the least significant bit of k:" + countLsb); + } + if (countMsb < mincount || countMsb > tests - mincount) { + fail("Bias detected in the most significant bit of k:" + countMsb); + } + } + + /** + * Checks whether CVE-2016-0695 has been fixed. Before the April 2016 security update, the SUN + * provider had a serious flaw that leaked the private key with about 3-5 signatures. In + * particular, "Sha1WithDSA" always generated 160 bit k's independently of q. Unfortunately, it is + * easily possible to use 2048 and 3072 bit DSA keys together with SHA1WithDSA. All a user has to + * do is to use the algorithm name "DSA" instead of "SHA256WithDSA" rsp. "SHA224WithDSA". + * + * <p>An algorithm to extract the key from the signatures has been described for example in the + * paper <a href="http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/1999/HPL-1999-90.pdf">Lattice Attacks on + * Digital Signature Schemes</a> by N.A. Howgrave-Graham, N.P. Smart. + * + * <p>This bug is the same as US-CERT: VU # 940388: GnuPG generated ElGamal signatures that leaked + * the private key. + */ + @SlowTest(providers = {ProviderType.BOUNCY_CASTLE, ProviderType.SPONGY_CASTLE}) + @SuppressWarnings("InsecureCryptoUsage") + public void testBiasSha1WithDSA() throws Exception { + String hashAlgorithm = "SHA"; + String message = "Hello"; + byte[] messageBytes = message.getBytes("UTF-8"); + byte[] digest = MessageDigest.getInstance(hashAlgorithm).digest(messageBytes); + BigInteger h = new BigInteger(1, digest); + + KeyPairGenerator generator = java.security.KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("DSA"); + generator.initialize(2048); + KeyPair keyPair = generator.generateKeyPair(); + DSAPrivateKey priv = (DSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate(); + Signature signer = Signature.getInstance("DSA"); + try { + // Private key and selected algorithm by signer do not match. + // Hence throwing an exception at this point would be the reasonable. + signer.initSign(priv); + signer.update(messageBytes); + byte[] signature = signer.sign(); + BigInteger q = priv.getParams().getQ(); + BigInteger k = extractK(signature, h, priv, true); + + // Now check if k is heavily biased. + int lengthDiff = q.bitLength() - k.bitLength(); + if (lengthDiff > 32) { + fail( + "Severly biased DSA signature:" + + " len(q)=" + + q.bitLength() + + " len(k)=" + + k.bitLength()); + } + } catch (GeneralSecurityException ex) { + // The key is invalid, hence getting here is reasonable. + return; + } + } + + /** + * This test checks for potential of a timing attack. The test generates a number of signatures, + * selects a fraction of them with a small timing and then compares the values k for the selected + * signatures with a normal distribution. The test fails if these ks are much smaller than + * expected. An implementation flaw that can lead to a test failure is to compute the signature + * with a modular exponentiation with a runtime that depend on the length of the exponent. + * + * <p>A failing test simply means that the timing can be used to get information about k. Further + * analysis is necessary to determine if the bias is exploitable and how many timings are + * necessary for an attack. A passing test does not mean that the implementation is secure against + * timing attacks. The test only catches relatively big timing differences. It requires high + * confidence to fail. Noise on the test machine can prevent that a relation between timing and k + * can be detected. + * + * <p>Claims of what is exploitable: http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/1999/HPL-1999-90.pdf 30 + * signatures are sufficient to find the private key if the attacker knows 8 bits of each k. + * http://eprint.iacr.org/2004/277.pdf 27 signatures are sufficient if 8 bits of each k is known. + * Our own old experiments (using 1GB memory on a Pentium-4? CPU): 2^11 signatures are sufficient + * with a 3 bit leakage. 2^15 signatures are sufficient with a 2 bit leakage. 2^24 signatures are + * sufficient with a 1 bit leakage. Estimate for biased generation in the NIST standard: e.g. 2^22 + * signatures, 2^40 memory, 2^64 time + * + * <p><b>Sample output for the SUN provider:</b> <code> + * count:50000 cutoff:4629300 relative average:0.9992225872624547 sigmas:0.3010906585642381 + * count:25000 cutoff:733961 relative average:0.976146066585879 sigmas:6.532668708070148 + * count:12500 cutoff:688305 relative average:0.9070352192339134 sigmas:18.00255238454385 + * count:6251 cutoff:673971 relative average:0.7747148791368986 sigmas:30.850903417893825 + * count:3125 cutoff:667045 relative average:0.5901994097874541 sigmas:39.67877152897901 + * count:1563 cutoff:662088 relative average:0.4060286694971057 sigmas:40.67294313795137 + * count:782 cutoff:657921 relative average:0.2577955312387898 sigmas:35.94906247333319 + * count:391 cutoff:653608 relative average:0.1453438859272699 sigmas:29.271192100879457 + * count:196 cutoff:649280 relative average:0.08035497211567771 sigmas:22.300206785132406 + * count:98 cutoff:645122 relative average:0.05063589092661368 sigmas:16.27820353139225 + * count:49 cutoff:641582 relative average:0.018255560447883384 sigmas:11.903018745467488 + * count:25 cutoff:638235 relative average:0.009082660721102722 sigmas:8.581595888660086 + * count:13 cutoff:633975 relative average:0.0067892346039088326 sigmas:6.20259924188633 + * </code> + * + * <p><b>What this shows:</b> The first line uses all 50'000 signatures. The average k of these + * signatures is close to the expected value q/2. Being more selective gives us signatures with a + * more biased k. For example, the 196 signatures with the fastest timing have about a 3-bit bias. + * From this we expect that 2^19 signatures and timings are sufficient to find the private key. + * + * <p>A list of problems caught by this test: + * <ul> + * <li> CVE-2016-5548 OpenJDK8's DSA is vulnerable to timing attacks. + * <li> CVE-2016-1000341 BouncyCastle before v 1.56 is vulnernerable to timing attacks. + * </ul> + */ + @SlowTest(providers = {ProviderType.BOUNCY_CASTLE, ProviderType.OPENJDK, + ProviderType.SPONGY_CASTLE}) + @SuppressWarnings("InsecureCryptoUsage") + public void testTiming() throws Exception { + ThreadMXBean bean = ManagementFactory.getThreadMXBean(); + if (!bean.isCurrentThreadCpuTimeSupported()) { + System.out.println("getCurrentThreadCpuTime is not supported. Skipping"); + return; + } + String hashAlgorithm = "SHA-1"; + String message = "Hello"; + byte[] messageBytes = message.getBytes("UTF-8"); + byte[] digest = MessageDigest.getInstance(hashAlgorithm).digest(messageBytes); + BigInteger h = new BigInteger(1, digest); + KeyPairGenerator generator = java.security.KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("DSA"); + generator.initialize(1024); + KeyPair keyPair = generator.generateKeyPair(); + DSAPrivateKey priv = (DSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate(); + Signature signer = Signature.getInstance("SHA1WITHDSA"); + signer.initSign(priv); + // The timings below are quite noisy. Thus we need a large number of samples. + int samples = 50000; + long[] timing = new long[samples]; + BigInteger[] k = new BigInteger[samples]; + for (int i = 0; i < samples; i++) { + long start = bean.getCurrentThreadCpuTime(); + signer.update(messageBytes); + byte[] signature = signer.sign(); + timing[i] = bean.getCurrentThreadCpuTime() - start; + k[i] = extractK(signature, h, priv, false); + } + long[] sorted = Arrays.copyOf(timing, timing.length); + Arrays.sort(sorted); + // Here we are only interested in roughly the 8 most significant bits of the ks. + // Hence, using double is sufficiently precise. + double q = priv.getParams().getQ().doubleValue(); + double expectedAverage = q / 2; + double maxSigmas = 0; + System.out.println("testTiming: SHA1WITHDSA"); + for (int idx = samples - 1; idx > 10; idx /= 2) { + long cutoff = sorted[idx]; + int count = 0; + double total = 0; + for (int i = 0; i < samples; i++) { + if (timing[i] <= cutoff) { + total += k[i].doubleValue(); + count += 1; + } + } + double expectedStdDev = q / Math.sqrt(12 * count); + double average = total / count; + // Number of standard deviations that the average is away from + // the expected value: + double sigmas = (expectedAverage - average) / expectedStdDev; + if (sigmas > maxSigmas) { + maxSigmas = sigmas; + } + System.out.println( + "count:" + + count + + " cutoff:" + + cutoff + + " relative average:" + + (average / expectedAverage) + + " sigmas:" + + sigmas); + } + // Checks if the signatures with a small timing have a biased k. + // We use 7 standard deviations, so that the probability of a false positive is smaller + // than 10^{-10}. + if (maxSigmas >= 7) { + fail("Signatures with short timing have a biased k"); + } + } + + /** + * DSA does not allow encryption. This test verifies that a provider does not implement an ad hoc + * scheme that attempts to turn DSA into a public key encryption scheme. + */ + @SuppressWarnings("InsecureCryptoUsage") + public void testEncryptionWithDsa() throws Exception { + try { + Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DSA"); + fail("DSA must not be used as a cipher:" + cipher.getProvider().toString()); + } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) { + // This is expected + } + } +} |