Merge

19 files changed, 121 insertions, 124 deletions

diff --git a/make/conf/version-numbers.conf b/make/conf/version-numbers.conf
index 55ac8cbea94..bd10acd75dc 100644
--- a/make/conf/version-numbers.conf
+++ b/make/conf/version-numbers.conf
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2011, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2011, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 #
 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
diff --git a/src/hotspot/cpu/aarch64/c1_LIRGenerator_aarch64.cpp b/src/hotspot/cpu/aarch64/c1_LIRGenerator_aarch64.cpp
index 952e060ed21..a9a24f7e712 100644
--- a/src/hotspot/cpu/aarch64/c1_LIRGenerator_aarch64.cpp
+++ b/src/hotspot/cpu/aarch64/c1_LIRGenerator_aarch64.cpp
@@ -168,8 +168,10 @@ LIR_Address* LIRGenerator::generate_address(LIR_Opr base, LIR_Opr index,
   if (index->is_register()) {
     // apply the shift and accumulate the displacement
     if (shift > 0) {
-      LIR_Opr tmp = new_pointer_register();
-      __ shift_left(index, shift, tmp);
+      // Use long register to avoid overflow when shifting large index values left.
+      LIR_Opr tmp = new_register(T_LONG);
+      __ convert(Bytecodes::_i2l, index, tmp);
+      __ shift_left(tmp, shift, tmp);
       index = tmp;
     }
     if (large_disp != 0) {
diff --git a/src/hotspot/cpu/ppc/c1_LIRGenerator_ppc.cpp b/src/hotspot/cpu/ppc/c1_LIRGenerator_ppc.cpp
index 32aab91c7d3..b58defc1847 100644
--- a/src/hotspot/cpu/ppc/c1_LIRGenerator_ppc.cpp
+++ b/src/hotspot/cpu/ppc/c1_LIRGenerator_ppc.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2005, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2005, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2023 SAP SE. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
@@ -165,8 +165,10 @@ LIR_Address* LIRGenerator::generate_address(LIR_Opr base, LIR_Opr index,
   if (index->is_register()) {
     // Apply the shift and accumulate the displacement.
     if (shift > 0) {
-      LIR_Opr tmp = new_pointer_register();
-      __ shift_left(index, shift, tmp);
+      // Use long register to avoid overflow when shifting large index values left.
+      LIR_Opr tmp = new_register(T_LONG);
+      __ convert(Bytecodes::_i2l, index, tmp);
+      __ shift_left(tmp, shift, tmp);
       index = tmp;
     }
     if (large_disp != 0) {
diff --git a/src/hotspot/cpu/s390/c1_LIRGenerator_s390.cpp b/src/hotspot/cpu/s390/c1_LIRGenerator_s390.cpp
index c216897d68f..8df13597425 100644
--- a/src/hotspot/cpu/s390/c1_LIRGenerator_s390.cpp
+++ b/src/hotspot/cpu/s390/c1_LIRGenerator_s390.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2016, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * Copyright (c) 2016, 2017 SAP SE. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
@@ -157,8 +157,10 @@ LIR_Address* LIRGenerator::generate_address(LIR_Opr base, LIR_Opr index,
     return new LIR_Address(base, index, type);
   } else {
     if (shift > 0) {
-      LIR_Opr tmp = new_pointer_register();
-      __ shift_left(index, shift, tmp);
+      // Use long register to avoid overflow when shifting large index values left.
+      LIR_Opr tmp = new_register(T_LONG);
+      __ convert(Bytecodes::_i2l, index, tmp);
+      __ shift_left(tmp, shift, tmp);
       index = tmp;
     }
     return new LIR_Address(base, index, disp, type);
diff --git a/src/hotspot/share/classfile/javaClasses.cpp b/src/hotspot/share/classfile/javaClasses.cpp
index 33a8abad5ef..24ea8ab77f8 100644
--- a/src/hotspot/share/classfile/javaClasses.cpp
+++ b/src/hotspot/share/classfile/javaClasses.cpp
@@ -2077,18 +2077,17 @@ oop java_lang_Throwable::message(oop throwable) {
   return throwable->obj_field(_detailMessage_offset);
 }
 
-oop java_lang_Throwable::cause(oop throwable) {
-  return throwable->obj_field(_cause_offset);
+const char* java_lang_Throwable::message_as_utf8(oop throwable) {
+  oop msg = java_lang_Throwable::message(throwable);
+  const char* msg_utf8 = nullptr;
+  if (msg != nullptr) {
+    msg_utf8 = java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(msg);
+  }
+  return msg_utf8;
 }
 
-// Return Symbol for detailed_message or null
-Symbol* java_lang_Throwable::detail_message(oop throwable) {
-  PreserveExceptionMark pm(Thread::current());
-  oop detailed_message = java_lang_Throwable::message(throwable);
-  if (detailed_message != nullptr) {
-    return java_lang_String::as_symbol(detailed_message);
-  }
-  return nullptr;
+oop java_lang_Throwable::cause(oop throwable) {
+  return throwable->obj_field(_cause_offset);
 }
 
 void java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oop throwable, oop value) {
diff --git a/src/hotspot/share/classfile/javaClasses.hpp b/src/hotspot/share/classfile/javaClasses.hpp
index cd9b9ac5485..ab0b8f444b4 100644
--- a/src/hotspot/share/classfile/javaClasses.hpp
+++ b/src/hotspot/share/classfile/javaClasses.hpp
@@ -593,12 +593,14 @@ class java_lang_Throwable: AllStatic {
   static void set_backtrace(oop throwable, oop value);
   static int depth(oop throwable);
   static void set_depth(oop throwable, int value);
-  static int get_detailMessage_offset() { CHECK_INIT(_detailMessage_offset); }
   // Message
+  static int get_detailMessage_offset() { CHECK_INIT(_detailMessage_offset); }
   static oop message(oop throwable);
-  static oop cause(oop throwable);
+  static const char* message_as_utf8(oop throwable);
   static void set_message(oop throwable, oop value);
-  static Symbol* detail_message(oop throwable);
+
+  static oop cause(oop throwable);
+
   static void print_stack_element(outputStream *st, Method* method, int bci);
 
   static void compute_offsets();
diff --git a/src/hotspot/share/classfile/resolutionErrors.cpp b/src/hotspot/share/classfile/resolutionErrors.cpp
index dc916eefaf2..cf598df59d7 100644
--- a/src/hotspot/share/classfile/resolutionErrors.cpp
+++ b/src/hotspot/share/classfile/resolutionErrors.cpp
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ void ResolutionErrorTable::initialize() {
 
 // create new error entry
 void ResolutionErrorTable::add_entry(const constantPoolHandle& pool, int cp_index,
-                                     Symbol* error, Symbol* message,
-                                     Symbol* cause, Symbol* cause_msg)
+                                     Symbol* error, const char* message,
+                                     Symbol* cause, const char* cause_msg)
 {
   assert_locked_or_safepoint(SystemDictionary_lock);
   assert(!pool.is_null() && error != nullptr, "adding null obj");
@@ -97,26 +97,30 @@ ResolutionErrorEntry* ResolutionErrorTable::find_entry(const constantPoolHandle&
   return entry == nullptr ? nullptr : *entry;
 }
 
-ResolutionErrorEntry::ResolutionErrorEntry(Symbol* error, Symbol* message,
-      Symbol* cause, Symbol* cause_msg):
+ResolutionErrorEntry::ResolutionErrorEntry(Symbol* error, const char* message,
+                                           Symbol* cause, const char* cause_msg):
         _error(error),
-        _message(message),
+        _message(message != nullptr ? os::strdup(message) : nullptr),
         _cause(cause),
-        _cause_msg(cause_msg),
+        _cause_msg(cause_msg != nullptr ? os::strdup(cause_msg) : nullptr),
         _nest_host_error(nullptr) {
 
   Symbol::maybe_increment_refcount(_error);
-  Symbol::maybe_increment_refcount(_message);
   Symbol::maybe_increment_refcount(_cause);
-  Symbol::maybe_increment_refcount(_cause_msg);
 }
 
 ResolutionErrorEntry::~ResolutionErrorEntry() {
   // decrement error refcount
   Symbol::maybe_decrement_refcount(_error);
-  Symbol::maybe_decrement_refcount(_message);
   Symbol::maybe_decrement_refcount(_cause);
-  Symbol::maybe_decrement_refcount(_cause_msg);
+
+  if (_message != nullptr) {
+    FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, _message);
+  }
+
+  if (_cause_msg != nullptr) {
+    FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, _cause_msg);
+  }
 
   if (nest_host_error() != nullptr) {
     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, nest_host_error());
diff --git a/src/hotspot/share/classfile/resolutionErrors.hpp b/src/hotspot/share/classfile/resolutionErrors.hpp
index fc846970194..a80348e506b 100644
--- a/src/hotspot/share/classfile/resolutionErrors.hpp
+++ b/src/hotspot/share/classfile/resolutionErrors.hpp
@@ -36,10 +36,11 @@ class ResolutionErrorTable : AllStatic {
 
 public:
   static void initialize();
-  static void add_entry(const constantPoolHandle& pool, int which, Symbol* error, Symbol* message,
-                        Symbol* cause, Symbol* cause_msg);
+  static void add_entry(const constantPoolHandle& pool, int cp_index,
+                        Symbol* error, const char* error_msg,
+                        Symbol* cause, const char* cause_msg);
 
-  static void add_entry(const constantPoolHandle& pool, int which, const char* message);
+  static void add_entry(const constantPoolHandle& pool, int cp_index, const char* message);
 
   // find error given the constant pool and constant pool index
   static ResolutionErrorEntry* find_entry(const constantPoolHandle& pool, int cp_index);
@@ -69,34 +70,38 @@ public:
 class ResolutionErrorEntry : public CHeapObj<mtClass> {
  private:
   Symbol*           _error;
-  Symbol*           _message;
+  const char*       _message;
   Symbol*           _cause;
-  Symbol*           _cause_msg;
+  const char*       _cause_msg;
   const char*       _nest_host_error;
 
   NONCOPYABLE(ResolutionErrorEntry);
 
  public:
-    ResolutionErrorEntry(Symbol* error, Symbol* message, Symbol* cause, Symbol* cause_msg);
+  // The incoming message and cause_msg are copied to the C-Heap.
+  ResolutionErrorEntry(Symbol* error, const char* message,
+                       Symbol* cause, const char* cause_msg);
 
-    ResolutionErrorEntry(const char* message):
+  // The incoming nest host error message is already in the C-Heap.
+  ResolutionErrorEntry(const char* message):
         _error(nullptr),
         _message(nullptr),
         _cause(nullptr),
         _cause_msg(nullptr),
         _nest_host_error(message) {}
 
-    ~ResolutionErrorEntry();
+  ~ResolutionErrorEntry();
 
-    void set_nest_host_error(const char* message) {
-      _nest_host_error = message;
-    }
+  // The incoming nest host error message is already in the C-Heap.
+  void set_nest_host_error(const char* message) {
+    _nest_host_error = message;
+  }
 
 
   Symbol*            error() const              { return _error; }
-  Symbol*            message() const            { return _message; }
+  const char*        message() const            { return _message; }
   Symbol*            cause() const              { return _cause; }
-  Symbol*            cause_msg() const          { return _cause_msg; }
+  const char*        cause_msg() const          { return _cause_msg; }
   const char*        nest_host_error() const    { return _nest_host_error; }
 };
 
diff --git a/src/hotspot/share/classfile/systemDictionary.cpp b/src/hotspot/share/classfile/systemDictionary.cpp
index a078596814f..7022bfca7a5 100644
--- a/src/hotspot/share/classfile/systemDictionary.cpp
+++ b/src/hotspot/share/classfile/systemDictionary.cpp
@@ -1797,8 +1797,8 @@ bool SystemDictionary::add_loader_constraint(Symbol* class_name,
 // Add entry to resolution error table to record the error when the first
 // attempt to resolve a reference to a class has failed.
 void SystemDictionary::add_resolution_error(const constantPoolHandle& pool, int which,
-                                            Symbol* error, Symbol* message,
-                                            Symbol* cause, Symbol* cause_msg) {
+                                            Symbol* error, const char* message,
+                                            Symbol* cause, const char* cause_msg) {
   {
     MutexLocker ml(Thread::current(), SystemDictionary_lock);
     ResolutionErrorEntry* entry = ResolutionErrorTable::find_entry(pool, which);
@@ -1815,7 +1815,8 @@ void SystemDictionary::delete_resolution_error(ConstantPool* pool) {
 
 // Lookup resolution error table. Returns error if found, otherwise null.
 Symbol* SystemDictionary::find_resolution_error(const constantPoolHandle& pool, int which,
-                                                Symbol** message, Symbol** cause, Symbol** cause_msg) {
+                                                const char** message,
+                                                Symbol** cause, const char** cause_msg) {
 
   {
     MutexLocker ml(Thread::current(), SystemDictionary_lock);
diff --git a/src/hotspot/share/classfile/systemDictionary.hpp b/src/hotspot/share/classfile/systemDictionary.hpp
index a65606e8cf6..9f65cb593d3 100644
--- a/src/hotspot/share/classfile/systemDictionary.hpp
+++ b/src/hotspot/share/classfile/systemDictionary.hpp
@@ -272,12 +272,13 @@ public:
 
   // Record the error when the first attempt to resolve a reference from a constant
   // pool entry to a class fails.
-  static void add_resolution_error(const constantPoolHandle& pool, int which, Symbol* error,
-                                   Symbol* message, Symbol* cause = nullptr, Symbol* cause_msg = nullptr);
+  static void add_resolution_error(const constantPoolHandle& pool, int which,
+                                   Symbol* error, const char* message,
+                                   Symbol* cause = nullptr, const char* cause_msg = nullptr);
   static void delete_resolution_error(ConstantPool* pool);
   static Symbol* find_resolution_error(const constantPoolHandle& pool, int which,
-                                       Symbol** message, Symbol** cause, Symbol** cause_msg);
-
+                                       const char** message,
+                                       Symbol** cause, const char** cause_msg);
 
   // Record a nest host resolution/validation error
   static void add_nest_host_error(const constantPoolHandle& pool, int which,
diff --git a/src/hotspot/share/oops/constantPool.cpp b/src/hotspot/share/oops/constantPool.cpp
index f697164c630..e2d86540641 100644
--- a/src/hotspot/share/oops/constantPool.cpp
+++ b/src/hotspot/share/oops/constantPool.cpp
@@ -803,13 +803,16 @@ void ConstantPool::resolve_string_constants_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_
   }
 }
 
-static Symbol* exception_message(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, constantTag tag, oop pending_exception) {
+static const char* exception_message(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, constantTag tag, oop pending_exception) {
+  // Note: caller needs ResourceMark
+
   // Dig out the detailed message to reuse if possible
-  Symbol* message = java_lang_Throwable::detail_message(pending_exception);
-  if (message != nullptr) {
-    return message;
+  const char* msg = java_lang_Throwable::message_as_utf8(pending_exception);
+  if (msg != nullptr) {
+    return msg;
   }
 
+  Symbol* message = nullptr;
   // Return specific message for the tag
   switch (tag.value()) {
   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
@@ -832,49 +835,48 @@ static Symbol* exception_message(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, c
     ShouldNotReachHere();
   }
 
-  return message;
+  return message != nullptr ? message->as_C_string() : nullptr;
 }
 
-static void add_resolution_error(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which,
+static void add_resolution_error(JavaThread* current, const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which,
                                  constantTag tag, oop pending_exception) {
 
+  ResourceMark rm(current);
   Symbol* error = pending_exception->klass()->name();
   oop cause = java_lang_Throwable::cause(pending_exception);
 
   // Also dig out the exception cause, if present.
   Symbol* cause_sym = nullptr;
-  Symbol* cause_msg = nullptr;
+  const char* cause_msg = nullptr;
   if (cause != nullptr && cause != pending_exception) {
     cause_sym = cause->klass()->name();
-    cause_msg = java_lang_Throwable::detail_message(cause);
+    cause_msg = java_lang_Throwable::message_as_utf8(cause);
   }
 
-  Symbol* message = exception_message(this_cp, which, tag, pending_exception);
+  const char* message = exception_message(this_cp, which, tag, pending_exception);
   SystemDictionary::add_resolution_error(this_cp, which, error, message, cause_sym, cause_msg);
 }
 
 
 void ConstantPool::throw_resolution_error(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, TRAPS) {
   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
-  Symbol* message = nullptr;
+  const char* message = nullptr;
   Symbol* cause = nullptr;
-  Symbol* cause_msg = nullptr;
+  const char* cause_msg = nullptr;
   Symbol* error = SystemDictionary::find_resolution_error(this_cp, which, &message, &cause, &cause_msg);
   assert(error != nullptr, "checking");
-  const char* cause_str = cause_msg != nullptr ? cause_msg->as_C_string() : nullptr;
 
   CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
   if (message != nullptr) {
-    char* msg = message->as_C_string();
     if (cause != nullptr) {
-      Handle h_cause = Exceptions::new_exception(THREAD, cause, cause_str);
-      THROW_MSG_CAUSE(error, msg, h_cause);
+      Handle h_cause = Exceptions::new_exception(THREAD, cause, cause_msg);
+      THROW_MSG_CAUSE(error, message, h_cause);
     } else {
-      THROW_MSG(error, msg);
+      THROW_MSG(error, message);
     }
   } else {
     if (cause != nullptr) {
-      Handle h_cause = Exceptions::new_exception(THREAD, cause, cause_str);
+      Handle h_cause = Exceptions::new_exception(THREAD, cause, cause_msg);
       THROW_CAUSE(error, h_cause);
     } else {
       THROW(error);
@@ -896,7 +898,7 @@ void ConstantPool::save_and_throw_exception(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, i
     // and OutOfMemoryError, etc, or if the thread was hit by stop()
     // Needs clarification to section 5.4.3 of the VM spec (see 6308271)
   } else if (this_cp->tag_at(which).value() != error_tag) {
-    add_resolution_error(this_cp, which, tag, PENDING_EXCEPTION);
+    add_resolution_error(THREAD, this_cp, which, tag, PENDING_EXCEPTION);
     // CAS in the tag.  If a thread beat us to registering this error that's fine.
     // If another thread resolved the reference, this is a race condition. This
     // thread may have had a security manager or something temporary.
diff --git a/src/hotspot/share/oops/cpCache.cpp b/src/hotspot/share/oops/cpCache.cpp
index 23b3ee0d49c..2d3285bb982 100644
--- a/src/hotspot/share/oops/cpCache.cpp
+++ b/src/hotspot/share/oops/cpCache.cpp
@@ -849,9 +849,9 @@ bool ConstantPoolCache::save_and_throw_indy_exc(
     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
     return false;
   }
-
+  ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
   Symbol* error = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
-  Symbol* message = java_lang_Throwable::detail_message(PENDING_EXCEPTION);
+  const char* message = java_lang_Throwable::message_as_utf8(PENDING_EXCEPTION);
 
   int encoded_index = ResolutionErrorTable::encode_cpcache_index(
                           ConstantPool::encode_invokedynamic_index(index));
diff --git a/src/hotspot/share/utilities/exceptions.cpp b/src/hotspot/share/utilities/exceptions.cpp
index fe4d849ffeb..614c1a73d20 100644
--- a/src/hotspot/share/utilities/exceptions.cpp
+++ b/src/hotspot/share/utilities/exceptions.cpp
@@ -565,11 +565,11 @@ void Exceptions::debug_check_abort_helper(Handle exception, const char* message)
 // for logging exceptions
 void Exceptions::log_exception(Handle exception, const char* message) {
   ResourceMark rm;
-  Symbol* detail_message = java_lang_Throwable::detail_message(exception());
+  const char* detail_message = java_lang_Throwable::message_as_utf8(exception());
   if (detail_message != nullptr) {
     log_info(exceptions)("Exception <%s: %s>\n thrown in %s",
                          exception->print_value_string(),
-                         detail_message->as_C_string(),
+                         detail_message,
                          message);
   } else {
     log_info(exceptions)("Exception <%s>\n thrown in %s",
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/rsa/RSAPrivateCrtKeyImpl.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/rsa/RSAPrivateCrtKeyImpl.java
index 99365640ec7..218b1f6f4ba 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/rsa/RSAPrivateCrtKeyImpl.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/rsa/RSAPrivateCrtKeyImpl.java
@@ -301,14 +301,6 @@ public final class RSAPrivateCrtKeyImpl
         return keyParams;
     }
 
-    // return a string representation of this key for debugging
-    @Override
-    public String toString() {
-        return "SunRsaSign " + type.keyAlgo + " private CRT key, "
-               + n.bitLength() + " bits" + "\n  params: " + keyParams
-               + "\n  modulus: " + n + "\n  private exponent: " + d;
-    }
-
     // utility method for parsing DER encoding of RSA private keys in PKCS#1
     // format as defined in RFC 8017 Appendix A.1.2, i.e. SEQ of version, n,
     // e, d, p, q, pe, qe, and coeff, and return the parsed components.
diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/rsa/RSAPrivateKeyImpl.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/rsa/RSAPrivateKeyImpl.java
index da5474cb26a..aa5297b0040 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/rsa/RSAPrivateKeyImpl.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/security/rsa/RSAPrivateKeyImpl.java
@@ -138,14 +138,6 @@ public final class RSAPrivateKeyImpl extends PKCS8Key implements RSAPrivateKey {
         return keyParams;
     }
 
-    // return a string representation of this key for debugging
-    @Override
-    public String toString() {
-        return "Sun " + type.keyAlgo + " private key, " + n.bitLength()
-               + " bits" + "\n  params: " + keyParams + "\n  modulus: " + n
-               + "\n  private exponent: " + d;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Restores the state of this object from the stream.
      * <p>
diff --git a/src/java.net.http/share/classes/jdk/internal/net/http/ConnectionPool.java b/src/java.net.http/share/classes/jdk/internal/net/http/ConnectionPool.java
index e03dc34e900..265accdbc37 100644
--- a/src/java.net.http/share/classes/jdk/internal/net/http/ConnectionPool.java
+++ b/src/java.net.http/share/classes/jdk/internal/net/http/ConnectionPool.java
@@ -104,14 +104,10 @@ final class ConnectionPool {
                 return false;
             }
             if (secure && destination != null) {
-                if (destination.getHostName() != null) {
-                    if (!destination.getHostName().equalsIgnoreCase(
-                            other.destination.getHostName())) {
-                        return false;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    if (other.destination.getHostName() != null)
-                        return false;
+                String hostString = destination.getHostString();
+                if (hostString == null || !hostString.equalsIgnoreCase(
+                        other.destination.getHostString())) {
+                    return false;
                 }
             }
             return true;
diff --git a/src/jdk.crypto.mscapi/windows/classes/sun/security/mscapi/CKey.java b/src/jdk.crypto.mscapi/windows/classes/sun/security/mscapi/CKey.java
index e010e971787..9c985f0e483 100644
--- a/src/jdk.crypto.mscapi/windows/classes/sun/security/mscapi/CKey.java
+++ b/src/jdk.crypto.mscapi/windows/classes/sun/security/mscapi/CKey.java
@@ -76,10 +76,14 @@ abstract class CKey implements Key, Length {
 
     protected final String algorithm;
 
-    protected CKey(String algorithm, NativeHandles handles, int keyLength) {
+    private final boolean isPublic;
+
+    protected CKey(String algorithm, NativeHandles handles, int keyLength,
+            boolean isPublic) {
         this.algorithm = algorithm;
         this.handles = handles;
         this.keyLength = keyLength;
+        this.isPublic = isPublic;
     }
 
     // Native method to cleanup the key handle.
@@ -102,6 +106,18 @@ abstract class CKey implements Key, Length {
         return algorithm;
     }
 
+    public String toString() {
+        String typeStr;
+        if (handles.hCryptKey != 0) {
+            typeStr = getKeyType(handles.hCryptKey) + ", container=" +
+                    getContainerName(handles.hCryptProv);
+        } else {
+            typeStr = "CNG";
+        }
+        return algorithm + " " + (isPublic ? "PublicKey" : "PrivateKey") +
+                " [size=" + keyLength + " bits, type=" + typeStr + "]";
+    }
+
     protected static native String getContainerName(long hCryptProv);
 
     protected static native String getKeyType(long hCryptKey);
diff --git a/src/jdk.crypto.mscapi/windows/classes/sun/security/mscapi/CPrivateKey.java b/src/jdk.crypto.mscapi/windows/classes/sun/security/mscapi/CPrivateKey.java
index 91a7775b8bd..c3882616615 100644
--- a/src/jdk.crypto.mscapi/windows/classes/sun/security/mscapi/CPrivateKey.java
+++ b/src/jdk.crypto.mscapi/windows/classes/sun/security/mscapi/CPrivateKey.java
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class CPrivateKey extends CKey implements PrivateKey {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 8113152807912338063L;
 
     private CPrivateKey(String alg, NativeHandles handles, int keyLength) {
-        super(alg, handles, keyLength);
+        super(alg, handles, keyLength, false);
     }
 
     // Called by native code inside security.cpp
@@ -65,16 +65,6 @@ class CPrivateKey extends CKey implements PrivateKey {
         return null;
     }
 
-    public String toString() {
-        if (handles.hCryptKey != 0) {
-            return algorithm + "PrivateKey [size=" + keyLength + " bits, type=" +
-                    getKeyType(handles.hCryptKey) + ", container=" +
-                    getContainerName(handles.hCryptProv) + "]";
-        } else {
-            return algorithm + "PrivateKey [size=" + keyLength + " bits, type=CNG]";
-        }
-    }
-
     // This class is not serializable
     @java.io.Serial
     private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream out)
diff --git a/src/jdk.crypto.mscapi/windows/classes/sun/security/mscapi/CPublicKey.java b/src/jdk.crypto.mscapi/windows/classes/sun/security/mscapi/CPublicKey.java
index 5cd5fe48d3d..3068a501b5e 100644
--- a/src/jdk.crypto.mscapi/windows/classes/sun/security/mscapi/CPublicKey.java
+++ b/src/jdk.crypto.mscapi/windows/classes/sun/security/mscapi/CPublicKey.java
@@ -114,9 +114,8 @@ public abstract class CPublicKey extends CKey implements PublicKey {
         }
 
         public String toString() {
-            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
-            sb.append(algorithm).append("PublicKey [size=").append(keyLength)
-                    .append("]\n  ECPoint: ").append(getW())
+            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(super.toString());
+            sb.append("\n ECPoint: ").append(getW())
                     .append("\n  params: ").append(getParams());
             return sb.toString();
         }
@@ -135,16 +134,8 @@ public abstract class CPublicKey extends CKey implements PublicKey {
         }
 
         public String toString() {
-            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
-            sb.append(algorithm).append("PublicKey [size=").append(keyLength)
-                    .append(" bits, type=");
-            if (handles.hCryptKey != 0) {
-                sb.append(getKeyType(handles.hCryptKey))
-                        .append(", container=").append(getContainerName(handles.hCryptProv));
-            } else {
-                sb.append("CNG");
-            }
-            sb.append("]\n  modulus: ").append(getModulus())
+            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(super.toString());
+            sb.append("\n  modulus: ").append(getModulus())
                     .append("\n  public exponent: ").append(getPublicExponent());
             return sb.toString();
         }
@@ -215,7 +206,7 @@ public abstract class CPublicKey extends CKey implements PublicKey {
 
     protected CPublicKey(
             String alg, NativeHandles handles, int keyLength) {
-        super(alg, handles, keyLength);
+        super(alg, handles, keyLength, true);
     }
 
     @Override