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Diffstat (limited to 'share/man/man1/arm-eabi-objcopy.1')
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diff --git a/share/man/man1/arm-eabi-objcopy.1 b/share/man/man1/arm-eabi-objcopy.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fcceb65 --- /dev/null +++ b/share/man/man1/arm-eabi-objcopy.1 @@ -0,0 +1,960 @@ +.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.23 (Pod::Simple 3.14) +.\" +.\" Standard preamble: +.\" ======================================================================== +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text +.ft CW +.nf +.ne \\$1 +.. +.de Ve \" End verbatim text +.ft R +.fi +.. +.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will +.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left +.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will +.\" give a nicer C++. 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No user-serviceable parts. +. \" fudge factors for nroff and troff +.if n \{\ +. ds #H 0 +. ds #V .8m +. ds #F .3m +. ds #[ \f1 +. ds #] \fP +.\} +.if t \{\ +. ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m) +. ds #V .6m +. ds #F 0 +. ds #[ \& +. ds #] \& +.\} +. \" simple accents for nroff and troff +.if n \{\ +. ds ' \& +. ds ` \& +. ds ^ \& +. ds , \& +. ds ~ ~ +. ds / +.\} +.if t \{\ +. ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u" +. ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u' +. ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u' +. ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u' +. ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u' +. ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u' +.\} +. \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents +.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V' +.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H' +.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#] +.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H' +.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u' +.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#] +.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#] +.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e +.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E +. \" corrections for vroff +.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u' +.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u' +. \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr) +.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \ +\{\ +. ds : e +. ds 8 ss +. ds o a +. ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga +. ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy +. ds th \o'bp' +. ds Th \o'LP' +. ds ae ae +. ds Ae AE +.\} +.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C +.\" ======================================================================== +.\" +.IX Title "OBJCOPY 1" +.TH OBJCOPY 1 " " "binutils-2.21" "GNU Development Tools" +.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes +.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. +.if n .ad l +.nh +.SH "NAME" +objcopy \- copy and translate object files +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.IX Header "SYNOPSIS" +objcopy [\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR] + [\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR] + [\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR] + [\fB\-B\fR \fIbfdarch\fR|\fB\-\-binary\-architecture=\fR\fIbfdarch\fR] + [\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR] + [\fB\-g\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR] + [\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR] + [\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR] + [\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR] + [\fB\-G\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR] + [\fB\-\-localize\-hidden\fR] + [\fB\-L\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR] + [\fB\-\-globalize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR] + [\fB\-W\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR] + [\fB\-w\fR|\fB\-\-wildcard\fR] + [\fB\-x\fR|\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR] + [\fB\-X\fR|\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR] + [\fB\-b\fR \fIbyte\fR|\fB\-\-byte=\fR\fIbyte\fR] + [\fB\-i\fR [\fIbreadth\fR]|\fB\-\-interleave\fR[=\fIbreadth\fR]] + [\fB\-\-interleave\-width=\fR\fIwidth\fR] + [\fB\-j\fR \fIsectionname\fR|\fB\-\-only\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR] + [\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionname\fR|\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR] + [\fB\-p\fR|\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR] + [\fB\-\-debugging\fR] + [\fB\-\-gap\-fill=\fR\fIval\fR] + [\fB\-\-pad\-to=\fR\fIaddress\fR] + [\fB\-\-set\-start=\fR\fIval\fR] + [\fB\-\-adjust\-start=\fR\fIincr\fR] + [\fB\-\-change\-addresses=\fR\fIincr\fR] + [\fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR \fIsection\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR] + [\fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR \fIsection\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR] + [\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR \fIsection\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR] + [\fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR] [\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR] + [\fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\fR \fIsection\fR=\fIflags\fR] + [\fB\-\-add\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR=\fIfilename\fR] + [\fB\-\-rename\-section\fR \fIoldname\fR=\fInewname\fR[,\fIflags\fR]] + [\fB\-\-long\-section\-names\fR {enable,disable,keep}] + [\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR] [\fB\-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR] + [\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=\fR\fInum\fR] + [\fB\-\-srec\-len=\fR\fIival\fR] [\fB\-\-srec\-forceS3\fR] + [\fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR \fIold\fR=\fInew\fR] + [\fB\-\-redefine\-syms=\fR\fIfilename\fR] + [\fB\-\-weaken\fR] + [\fB\-\-keep\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR] + [\fB\-\-strip\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR] + [\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR] + [\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR] + [\fB\-\-localize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR] + [\fB\-\-globalize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR] + [\fB\-\-weaken\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR] + [\fB\-\-alt\-machine\-code=\fR\fIindex\fR] + [\fB\-\-prefix\-symbols=\fR\fIstring\fR] + [\fB\-\-prefix\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR] + [\fB\-\-prefix\-alloc\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR] + [\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=\fR\fIpath-to-file\fR] + [\fB\-\-keep\-file\-symbols\fR] + [\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR] + [\fB\-\-extract\-symbol\fR] + [\fB\-\-writable\-text\fR] + [\fB\-\-readonly\-text\fR] + [\fB\-\-pure\fR] + [\fB\-\-impure\fR] + [\fB\-\-file\-alignment=\fR\fInum\fR] + [\fB\-\-heap=\fR\fIsize\fR] + [\fB\-\-image\-base=\fR\fIaddress\fR] + [\fB\-\-section\-alignment=\fR\fInum\fR] + [\fB\-\-stack=\fR\fIsize\fR] + [\fB\-\-subsystem=\fR\fIwhich\fR:\fImajor\fR.\fIminor\fR] + [\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections\fR] + [\fB\-\-decompress\-debug\-sections\fR] + [\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-verbose\fR] + [\fB\-V\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR] + [\fB\-\-help\fR] [\fB\-\-info\fR] + \fIinfile\fR [\fIoutfile\fR] +.SH "DESCRIPTION" +.IX Header "DESCRIPTION" +The \s-1GNU\s0 \fBobjcopy\fR utility copies the contents of an object +file to another. \fBobjcopy\fR uses the \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1BFD\s0 Library to +read and write the object files. It can write the destination object +file in a format different from that of the source object file. The +exact behavior of \fBobjcopy\fR is controlled by command-line options. +Note that \fBobjcopy\fR should be able to copy a fully linked file +between any two formats. However, copying a relocatable object file +between any two formats may not work as expected. +.PP +\&\fBobjcopy\fR creates temporary files to do its translations and +deletes them afterward. \fBobjcopy\fR uses \s-1BFD\s0 to do all its +translation work; it has access to all the formats described in \s-1BFD\s0 +and thus is able to recognize most formats without being told +explicitly. +.PP +\&\fBobjcopy\fR can be used to generate S\-records by using an output +target of \fBsrec\fR (e.g., use \fB\-O srec\fR). +.PP +\&\fBobjcopy\fR can be used to generate a raw binary file by using an +output target of \fBbinary\fR (e.g., use \fB\-O binary\fR). When +\&\fBobjcopy\fR generates a raw binary file, it will essentially produce +a memory dump of the contents of the input object file. All symbols and +relocation information will be discarded. The memory dump will start at +the load address of the lowest section copied into the output file. +.PP +When generating an S\-record or a raw binary file, it may be helpful to +use \fB\-S\fR to remove sections containing debugging information. In +some cases \fB\-R\fR will be useful to remove sections which contain +information that is not needed by the binary file. +.PP +Note\-\-\-\fBobjcopy\fR is not able to change the endianness of its input +files. If the input format has an endianness (some formats do not), +\&\fBobjcopy\fR can only copy the inputs into file formats that have the +same endianness or which have no endianness (e.g., \fBsrec\fR). +(However, see the \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes\fR option.) +.SH "OPTIONS" +.IX Header "OPTIONS" +.IP "\fIinfile\fR" 4 +.IX Item "infile" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fIoutfile\fR" 4 +.IX Item "outfile" +.PD +The input and output files, respectively. +If you do not specify \fIoutfile\fR, \fBobjcopy\fR creates a +temporary file and destructively renames the result with +the name of \fIinfile\fR. +.IP "\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-I bfdname" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--input-target=bfdname" +.PD +Consider the source file's object format to be \fIbfdname\fR, rather than +attempting to deduce it. +.IP "\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-O bfdname" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--output-target=bfdname" +.PD +Write the output file using the object format \fIbfdname\fR. +.IP "\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-F bfdname" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--target=bfdname" +.PD +Use \fIbfdname\fR as the object format for both the input and the output +file; i.e., simply transfer data from source to destination with no +translation. +.IP "\fB\-B\fR \fIbfdarch\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-B bfdarch" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-binary\-architecture=\fR\fIbfdarch\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--binary-architecture=bfdarch" +.PD +Useful when transforming a architecture-less input file into an object file. +In this case the output architecture can be set to \fIbfdarch\fR. This +option will be ignored if the input file has a known \fIbfdarch\fR. You +can access this binary data inside a program by referencing the special +symbols that are created by the conversion process. These symbols are +called _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_start, _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_end and +_binary_\fIobjfile\fR_size. e.g. you can transform a picture file into +an object file and then access it in your code using these symbols. +.IP "\fB\-j\fR \fIsectionname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-j sectionname" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-only\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--only-section=sectionname" +.PD +Copy only the named section from the input file to the output file. +This option may be given more than once. Note that using this option +inappropriately may make the output file unusable. +.IP "\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-R sectionname" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--remove-section=sectionname" +.PD +Remove any section named \fIsectionname\fR from the output file. This +option may be given more than once. Note that using this option +inappropriately may make the output file unusable. +.IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-S" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--strip-all" +.PD +Do not copy relocation and symbol information from the source file. +.IP "\fB\-g\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-g" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--strip-debug" +.PD +Do not copy debugging symbols or sections from the source file. +.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--strip-unneeded" +Strip all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing. +.IP "\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-K symbolname" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--keep-symbol=symbolname" +.PD +When stripping symbols, keep symbol \fIsymbolname\fR even if it would +normally be stripped. This option may be given more than once. +.IP "\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-N symbolname" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--strip-symbol=symbolname" +.PD +Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fR from the source file. This option +may be given more than once. +.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--strip-unneeded-symbol=symbolname" +Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fR from the source file unless it is needed +by a relocation. This option may be given more than once. +.IP "\fB\-G\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-G symbolname" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--keep-global-symbol=symbolname" +.PD +Keep only symbol \fIsymbolname\fR global. Make all other symbols local +to the file, so that they are not visible externally. This option may +be given more than once. +.IP "\fB\-\-localize\-hidden\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--localize-hidden" +In an \s-1ELF\s0 object, mark all symbols that have hidden or internal visibility +as local. This option applies on top of symbol-specific localization options +such as \fB\-L\fR. +.IP "\fB\-L\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-L symbolname" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--localize-symbol=symbolname" +.PD +Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fR local to the file, so that it is not +visible externally. This option may be given more than once. +.IP "\fB\-W\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-W symbolname" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--weaken-symbol=symbolname" +.PD +Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fR weak. This option may be given more than once. +.IP "\fB\-\-globalize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--globalize-symbol=symbolname" +Give symbol \fIsymbolname\fR global scoping so that it is visible +outside of the file in which it is defined. This option may be given +more than once. +.IP "\fB\-w\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-w" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-wildcard\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--wildcard" +.PD +Permit regular expressions in \fIsymbolname\fRs used in other command +line options. The question mark (?), asterisk (*), backslash (\e) and +square brackets ([]) operators can be used anywhere in the symbol +name. If the first character of the symbol name is the exclamation +point (!) then the sense of the switch is reversed for that symbol. +For example: +.Sp +.Vb 1 +\& \-w \-W !foo \-W fo* +.Ve +.Sp +would cause objcopy to weaken all symbols that start with \*(L"fo\*(R" +except for the symbol \*(L"foo\*(R". +.IP "\fB\-x\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-x" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--discard-all" +.PD +Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file. +.IP "\fB\-X\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-X" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--discard-locals" +.PD +Do not copy compiler-generated local symbols. +(These usually start with \fBL\fR or \fB.\fR.) +.IP "\fB\-b\fR \fIbyte\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-b byte" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-byte=\fR\fIbyte\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--byte=byte" +.PD +If interleaving has been enabled via the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option +then start the range of bytes to keep at the \fIbyte\fRth byte. +\&\fIbyte\fR can be in the range from 0 to \fIbreadth\fR\-1, where +\&\fIbreadth\fR is the value given by the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option. +.IP "\fB\-i [\fR\fIbreadth\fR\fB]\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-i [breadth]" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-interleave[=\fR\fIbreadth\fR\fB]\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--interleave[=breadth]" +.PD +Only copy a range out of every \fIbreadth\fR bytes. (Header data is +not affected). Select which byte in the range begins the copy with +the \fB\-\-byte\fR option. Select the width of the range with the +\&\fB\-\-interleave\-width\fR option. +.Sp +This option is useful for creating files to program \s-1ROM\s0. It is +typically used with an \f(CW\*(C`srec\*(C'\fR output target. Note that +\&\fBobjcopy\fR will complain if you do not specify the +\&\fB\-\-byte\fR option as well. +.Sp +The default interleave breadth is 4, so with \fB\-\-byte\fR set to 0, +\&\fBobjcopy\fR would copy the first byte out of every four bytes +from the input to the output. +.IP "\fB\-\-interleave\-width=\fR\fIwidth\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--interleave-width=width" +When used with the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option, copy \fIwidth\fR +bytes at a time. The start of the range of bytes to be copied is set +by the \fB\-\-byte\fR option, and the extent of the range is set with +the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option. +.Sp +The default value for this option is 1. The value of \fIwidth\fR plus +the \fIbyte\fR value set by the \fB\-\-byte\fR option must not exceed +the interleave breadth set by the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option. +.Sp +This option can be used to create images for two 16\-bit flashes interleaved +in a 32\-bit bus by passing \fB\-b 0 \-i 4 \-\-interleave\-width=2\fR +and \fB\-b 2 \-i 4 \-\-interleave\-width=2\fR to two \fBobjcopy\fR +commands. If the input was '12345678' then the outputs would be +\&'1256' and '3478' respectively. +.IP "\fB\-p\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-p" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--preserve-dates" +.PD +Set the access and modification dates of the output file to be the same +as those of the input file. +.IP "\fB\-\-debugging\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--debugging" +Convert debugging information, if possible. This is not the default +because only certain debugging formats are supported, and the +conversion process can be time consuming. +.IP "\fB\-\-gap\-fill\fR \fIval\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--gap-fill val" +Fill gaps between sections with \fIval\fR. This operation applies to +the \fIload address\fR (\s-1LMA\s0) of the sections. It is done by increasing +the size of the section with the lower address, and filling in the extra +space created with \fIval\fR. +.IP "\fB\-\-pad\-to\fR \fIaddress\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--pad-to address" +Pad the output file up to the load address \fIaddress\fR. This is +done by increasing the size of the last section. The extra space is +filled in with the value specified by \fB\-\-gap\-fill\fR (default zero). +.IP "\fB\-\-set\-start\fR \fIval\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--set-start val" +Set the start address of the new file to \fIval\fR. Not all object file +formats support setting the start address. +.IP "\fB\-\-change\-start\fR \fIincr\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--change-start incr" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-start\fR \fIincr\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--adjust-start incr" +.PD +Change the start address by adding \fIincr\fR. Not all object file +formats support setting the start address. +.IP "\fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR \fIincr\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--change-addresses incr" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-vma\fR \fIincr\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--adjust-vma incr" +.PD +Change the \s-1VMA\s0 and \s-1LMA\s0 addresses of all sections, as well as the start +address, by adding \fIincr\fR. Some object file formats do not permit +section addresses to be changed arbitrarily. Note that this does not +relocate the sections; if the program expects sections to be loaded at a +certain address, and this option is used to change the sections such +that they are loaded at a different address, the program may fail. +.IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--change-section-address section{=,+,-}val" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--adjust-section-vma section{=,+,-}val" +.PD +Set or change both the \s-1VMA\s0 address and the \s-1LMA\s0 address of the named +\&\fIsection\fR. If \fB=\fR is used, the section address is set to +\&\fIval\fR. Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted from the +section address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR, +above. If \fIsection\fR does not exist in the input file, a warning will +be issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used. +.IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--change-section-lma section{=,+,-}val" +Set or change the \s-1LMA\s0 address of the named \fIsection\fR. The \s-1LMA\s0 +address is the address where the section will be loaded into memory at +program load time. Normally this is the same as the \s-1VMA\s0 address, which +is the address of the section at program run time, but on some systems, +especially those where a program is held in \s-1ROM\s0, the two can be +different. If \fB=\fR is used, the section address is set to +\&\fIval\fR. Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted from the +section address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR, +above. If \fIsection\fR does not exist in the input file, a warning +will be issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used. +.IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR \fIsection\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--change-section-vma section{=,+,-}val" +Set or change the \s-1VMA\s0 address of the named \fIsection\fR. The \s-1VMA\s0 +address is the address where the section will be located once the +program has started executing. Normally this is the same as the \s-1LMA\s0 +address, which is the address where the section will be loaded into +memory, but on some systems, especially those where a program is held in +\&\s-1ROM\s0, the two can be different. If \fB=\fR is used, the section address +is set to \fIval\fR. Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted +from the section address. See the comments under +\&\fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR, above. If \fIsection\fR does not exist in +the input file, a warning will be issued, unless +\&\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used. +.IP "\fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--change-warnings" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-warnings\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--adjust-warnings" +.PD +If \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR or \fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR or +\&\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR is used, and the named section does not +exist, issue a warning. This is the default. +.IP "\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--no-change-warnings" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-no\-adjust\-warnings\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--no-adjust-warnings" +.PD +Do not issue a warning if \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR or +\&\fB\-\-adjust\-section\-lma\fR or \fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\fR is used, even +if the named section does not exist. +.IP "\fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\fR \fIsection\fR\fB=\fR\fIflags\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--set-section-flags section=flags" +Set the flags for the named section. The \fIflags\fR argument is a +comma separated string of flag names. The recognized names are +\&\fBalloc\fR, \fBcontents\fR, \fBload\fR, \fBnoload\fR, +\&\fBreadonly\fR, \fBcode\fR, \fBdata\fR, \fBrom\fR, \fBshare\fR, and +\&\fBdebug\fR. You can set the \fBcontents\fR flag for a section which +does not have contents, but it is not meaningful to clear the +\&\fBcontents\fR flag of a section which does have contents\*(--just remove +the section instead. Not all flags are meaningful for all object file +formats. +.IP "\fB\-\-add\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR\fB=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--add-section sectionname=filename" +Add a new section named \fIsectionname\fR while copying the file. The +contents of the new section are taken from the file \fIfilename\fR. The +size of the section will be the size of the file. This option only +works on file formats which can support sections with arbitrary names. +.IP "\fB\-\-rename\-section\fR \fIoldname\fR\fB=\fR\fInewname\fR\fB[,\fR\fIflags\fR\fB]\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--rename-section oldname=newname[,flags]" +Rename a section from \fIoldname\fR to \fInewname\fR, optionally +changing the section's flags to \fIflags\fR in the process. This has +the advantage over usng a linker script to perform the rename in that +the output stays as an object file and does not become a linked +executable. +.Sp +This option is particularly helpful when the input format is binary, +since this will always create a section called .data. If for example, +you wanted instead to create a section called .rodata containing binary +data you could use the following command line to achieve it: +.Sp +.Vb 3 +\& objcopy \-I binary \-O <output_format> \-B <architecture> \e +\& \-\-rename\-section .data=.rodata,alloc,load,readonly,data,contents \e +\& <input_binary_file> <output_object_file> +.Ve +.IP "\fB\-\-long\-section\-names {enable,disable,keep}\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--long-section-names {enable,disable,keep}" +Controls the handling of long section names when processing \f(CW\*(C`COFF\*(C'\fR +and \f(CW\*(C`PE\-COFF\*(C'\fR object formats. The default behaviour, \fBkeep\fR, +is to preserve long section names if any are present in the input file. +The \fBenable\fR and \fBdisable\fR options forcibly enable or disable +the use of long section names in the output object; when \fBdisable\fR +is in effect, any long section names in the input object will be truncated. +The \fBenable\fR option will only emit long section names if any are +present in the inputs; this is mostly the same as \fBkeep\fR, but it +is left undefined whether the \fBenable\fR option might force the +creation of an empty string table in the output file. +.IP "\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--change-leading-char" +Some object file formats use special characters at the start of +symbols. The most common such character is underscore, which compilers +often add before every symbol. This option tells \fBobjcopy\fR to +change the leading character of every symbol when it converts between +object file formats. If the object file formats use the same leading +character, this option has no effect. Otherwise, it will add a +character, or remove a character, or change a character, as +appropriate. +.IP "\fB\-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--remove-leading-char" +If the first character of a global symbol is a special symbol leading +character used by the object file format, remove the character. The +most common symbol leading character is underscore. This option will +remove a leading underscore from all global symbols. This can be useful +if you want to link together objects of different file formats with +different conventions for symbol names. This is different from +\&\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR because it always changes the symbol name +when appropriate, regardless of the object file format of the output +file. +.IP "\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=\fR\fInum\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--reverse-bytes=num" +Reverse the bytes in a section with output contents. A section length must +be evenly divisible by the value given in order for the swap to be able to +take place. Reversing takes place before the interleaving is performed. +.Sp +This option is used typically in generating \s-1ROM\s0 images for problematic +target systems. For example, on some target boards, the 32\-bit words +fetched from 8\-bit ROMs are re-assembled in little-endian byte order +regardless of the \s-1CPU\s0 byte order. Depending on the programming model, the +endianness of the \s-1ROM\s0 may need to be modified. +.Sp +Consider a simple file with a section containing the following eight +bytes: \f(CW12345678\fR. +.Sp +Using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=2\fR for the above example, the bytes in the +output file would be ordered \f(CW21436587\fR. +.Sp +Using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=4\fR for the above example, the bytes in the +output file would be ordered \f(CW43218765\fR. +.Sp +By using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=2\fR for the above example, followed by +\&\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=4\fR on the output file, the bytes in the second +output file would be ordered \f(CW34127856\fR. +.IP "\fB\-\-srec\-len=\fR\fIival\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--srec-len=ival" +Meaningful only for srec output. Set the maximum length of the Srecords +being produced to \fIival\fR. This length covers both address, data and +crc fields. +.IP "\fB\-\-srec\-forceS3\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--srec-forceS3" +Meaningful only for srec output. Avoid generation of S1/S2 records, +creating S3\-only record format. +.IP "\fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR \fIold\fR\fB=\fR\fInew\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--redefine-sym old=new" +Change the name of a symbol \fIold\fR, to \fInew\fR. This can be useful +when one is trying link two things together for which you have no +source, and there are name collisions. +.IP "\fB\-\-redefine\-syms=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--redefine-syms=filename" +Apply \fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR to each symbol pair "\fIold\fR \fInew\fR" +listed in the file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, +with one symbol pair per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash +character. This option may be given more than once. +.IP "\fB\-\-weaken\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--weaken" +Change all global symbols in the file to be weak. This can be useful +when building an object which will be linked against other objects using +the \fB\-R\fR option to the linker. This option is only effective when +using an object file format which supports weak symbols. +.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--keep-symbols=filename" +Apply \fB\-\-keep\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file +\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol +name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character. +This option may be given more than once. +.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--strip-symbols=filename" +Apply \fB\-\-strip\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file +\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol +name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character. +This option may be given more than once. +.IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--strip-unneeded-symbols=filename" +Apply \fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in +the file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one +symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash +character. This option may be given more than once. +.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--keep-global-symbols=filename" +Apply \fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the +file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one +symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash +character. This option may be given more than once. +.IP "\fB\-\-localize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--localize-symbols=filename" +Apply \fB\-\-localize\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file +\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol +name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character. +This option may be given more than once. +.IP "\fB\-\-globalize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--globalize-symbols=filename" +Apply \fB\-\-globalize\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file +\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol +name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character. +This option may be given more than once. +.IP "\fB\-\-weaken\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--weaken-symbols=filename" +Apply \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file +\&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol +name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character. +This option may be given more than once. +.IP "\fB\-\-alt\-machine\-code=\fR\fIindex\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--alt-machine-code=index" +If the output architecture has alternate machine codes, use the +\&\fIindex\fRth code instead of the default one. This is useful in case +a machine is assigned an official code and the tool-chain adopts the +new code, but other applications still depend on the original code +being used. For \s-1ELF\s0 based architectures if the \fIindex\fR +alternative does not exist then the value is treated as an absolute +number to be stored in the e_machine field of the \s-1ELF\s0 header. +.IP "\fB\-\-writable\-text\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--writable-text" +Mark the output text as writable. This option isn't meaningful for all +object file formats. +.IP "\fB\-\-readonly\-text\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--readonly-text" +Make the output text write protected. This option isn't meaningful for all +object file formats. +.IP "\fB\-\-pure\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--pure" +Mark the output file as demand paged. This option isn't meaningful for all +object file formats. +.IP "\fB\-\-impure\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--impure" +Mark the output file as impure. This option isn't meaningful for all +object file formats. +.IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-symbols=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--prefix-symbols=string" +Prefix all symbols in the output file with \fIstring\fR. +.IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--prefix-sections=string" +Prefix all section names in the output file with \fIstring\fR. +.IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-alloc\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--prefix-alloc-sections=string" +Prefix all the names of all allocated sections in the output file with +\&\fIstring\fR. +.IP "\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=\fR\fIpath-to-file\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--add-gnu-debuglink=path-to-file" +Creates a .gnu_debuglink section which contains a reference to \fIpath-to-file\fR +and adds it to the output file. +.IP "\fB\-\-keep\-file\-symbols\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--keep-file-symbols" +When stripping a file, perhaps with \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR or +\&\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR, retain any symbols specifying source file names, +which would otherwise get stripped. +.IP "\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--only-keep-debug" +Strip a file, removing contents of any sections that would not be +stripped by \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR and leaving the debugging sections +intact. In \s-1ELF\s0 files, this preserves all note sections in the output. +.Sp +The intention is that this option will be used in conjunction with +\&\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR to create a two part executable. One a +stripped binary which will occupy less space in \s-1RAM\s0 and in a +distribution and the second a debugging information file which is only +needed if debugging abilities are required. The suggested procedure +to create these files is as follows: +.RS 4 +.IP "1.<Link the executable as normal. Assuming that is is called>" 4 +.IX Item "1.<Link the executable as normal. Assuming that is is called>" +\&\f(CW\*(C`foo\*(C'\fR then... +.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-only\-keep\-debug foo foo.dbg"" to>" 4 +.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-only\-keep\-debug foo foo.dbg\fR to>" 4 +.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --only-keep-debug foo foo.dbg to>" +create a file containing the debugging info. +.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo"" to create a>" 4 +.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo\fR to create a>" 4 +.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --strip-debug foo to create a>" +stripped executable. +.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.dbg foo"">" 4 +.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.dbg foo\fR>" 4 +.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.dbg foo>" +to add a link to the debugging info into the stripped executable. +.RE +.RS 4 +.Sp +Note\-\-\-the choice of \f(CW\*(C`.dbg\*(C'\fR as an extension for the debug info +file is arbitrary. Also the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-only\-keep\-debug\*(C'\fR step is +optional. You could instead do this: +.IP "1.<Link the executable as normal.>" 4 +.IX Item "1.<Link the executable as normal.>" +.PD 0 +.ie n .IP "1.<Copy ""foo"" to ""foo.full"">" 4 +.el .IP "1.<Copy \f(CWfoo\fR to \f(CWfoo.full\fR>" 4 +.IX Item "1.<Copy foo to foo.full>" +.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo"">" 4 +.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo\fR>" 4 +.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --strip-debug foo>" +.ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.full foo"">" 4 +.el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.full foo\fR>" 4 +.IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.full foo>" +.RE +.RS 4 +.PD +.Sp +i.e., the file pointed to by the \fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR can be the +full executable. It does not have to be a file created by the +\&\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR switch. +.Sp +Note\-\-\-this switch is only intended for use on fully linked files. It +does not make sense to use it on object files where the debugging +information may be incomplete. Besides the gnu_debuglink feature +currently only supports the presence of one filename containing +debugging information, not multiple filenames on a one-per-object-file +basis. +.RE +.IP "\fB\-\-file\-alignment\fR \fInum\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--file-alignment num" +Specify the file alignment. Sections in the file will always begin at +file offsets which are multiples of this number. This defaults to +512. +[This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.] +.IP "\fB\-\-heap\fR \fIreserve\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--heap reserve" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-heap\fR \fIreserve\fR\fB,\fR\fIcommit\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--heap reserve,commit" +.PD +Specify the number of bytes of memory to reserve (and optionally commit) +to be used as heap for this program. +[This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.] +.IP "\fB\-\-image\-base\fR \fIvalue\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--image-base value" +Use \fIvalue\fR as the base address of your program or dll. This is +the lowest memory location that will be used when your program or dll +is loaded. To reduce the need to relocate and improve performance of +your dlls, each should have a unique base address and not overlap any +other dlls. The default is 0x400000 for executables, and 0x10000000 +for dlls. +[This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.] +.IP "\fB\-\-section\-alignment\fR \fInum\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--section-alignment num" +Sets the section alignment. Sections in memory will always begin at +addresses which are a multiple of this number. Defaults to 0x1000. +[This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.] +.IP "\fB\-\-stack\fR \fIreserve\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--stack reserve" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-stack\fR \fIreserve\fR\fB,\fR\fIcommit\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--stack reserve,commit" +.PD +Specify the number of bytes of memory to reserve (and optionally commit) +to be used as stack for this program. +[This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.] +.IP "\fB\-\-subsystem\fR \fIwhich\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--subsystem which" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-subsystem\fR \fIwhich\fR\fB:\fR\fImajor\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--subsystem which:major" +.IP "\fB\-\-subsystem\fR \fIwhich\fR\fB:\fR\fImajor\fR\fB.\fR\fIminor\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--subsystem which:major.minor" +.PD +Specifies the subsystem under which your program will execute. The +legal values for \fIwhich\fR are \f(CW\*(C`native\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`windows\*(C'\fR, +\&\f(CW\*(C`console\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`posix\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`efi\-app\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`efi\-bsd\*(C'\fR, +\&\f(CW\*(C`efi\-rtd\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`sal\-rtd\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`xbox\*(C'\fR. You may optionally set +the subsystem version also. Numeric values are also accepted for +\&\fIwhich\fR. +[This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.] +.IP "\fB\-\-extract\-symbol\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--extract-symbol" +Keep the file's section flags and symbols but remove all section data. +Specifically, the option: +.RS 4 +.IP "*<removes the contents of all sections;>" 4 +.IX Item "*<removes the contents of all sections;>" +.PD 0 +.IP "*<sets the size of every section to zero; and>" 4 +.IX Item "*<sets the size of every section to zero; and>" +.IP "*<sets the file's start address to zero.>" 4 +.IX Item "*<sets the file's start address to zero.>" +.RE +.RS 4 +.PD +.Sp +This option is used to build a \fI.sym\fR file for a VxWorks kernel. +It can also be a useful way of reducing the size of a \fB\-\-just\-symbols\fR +linker input file. +.RE +.IP "\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--compress-debug-sections" +Compress \s-1DWARF\s0 debug sections using zlib. +.IP "\fB\-\-decompress\-debug\-sections\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--decompress-debug-sections" +Decompress \s-1DWARF\s0 debug sections using zlib. +.IP "\fB\-V\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-V" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--version" +.PD +Show the version number of \fBobjcopy\fR. +.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4 +.IX Item "-v" +.PD 0 +.IP "\fB\-\-verbose\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--verbose" +.PD +Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of +archives, \fBobjcopy \-V\fR lists all members of the archive. +.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--help" +Show a summary of the options to \fBobjcopy\fR. +.IP "\fB\-\-info\fR" 4 +.IX Item "--info" +Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available. +.IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4 +.IX Item "@file" +Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are +inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR +does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated +literally, and not removed. +.Sp +Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace +character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire +option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a +backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included +with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional +@\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.IX Header "SEE ALSO" +\&\fIld\fR\|(1), \fIobjdump\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR. +.SH "COPYRIGHT" +.IX Header "COPYRIGHT" +Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, +2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 +Free Software Foundation, Inc. +.PP +Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document +under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 +or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; +with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no +Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the +section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R". |