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+"""More comprehensive traceback formatting for Python scripts.
+
+To enable this module, do:
+
+ import cgitb; cgitb.enable()
+
+at the top of your script. The optional arguments to enable() are:
+
+ display - if true, tracebacks are displayed in the web browser
+ logdir - if set, tracebacks are written to files in this directory
+ context - number of lines of source code to show for each stack frame
+ format - 'text' or 'html' controls the output format
+
+By default, tracebacks are displayed but not saved, the context is 5 lines
+and the output format is 'html' (for backwards compatibility with the
+original use of this module)
+
+Alternatively, if you have caught an exception and want cgitb to display it
+for you, call cgitb.handler(). The optional argument to handler() is a
+3-item tuple (etype, evalue, etb) just like the value of sys.exc_info().
+The default handler displays output as HTML.
+
+"""
+import inspect
+import keyword
+import linecache
+import os
+import pydoc
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import time
+import tokenize
+import traceback
+import types
+
+def reset():
+ """Return a string that resets the CGI and browser to a known state."""
+ return '''<!--: spam
+Content-Type: text/html
+
+<body bgcolor="#f0f0f8"><font color="#f0f0f8" size="-5"> -->
+<body bgcolor="#f0f0f8"><font color="#f0f0f8" size="-5"> --> -->
+</font> </font> </font> </script> </object> </blockquote> </pre>
+</table> </table> </table> </table> </table> </font> </font> </font>'''
+
+__UNDEF__ = [] # a special sentinel object
+def small(text):
+ if text:
+ return '<small>' + text + '</small>'
+ else:
+ return ''
+
+def strong(text):
+ if text:
+ return '<strong>' + text + '</strong>'
+ else:
+ return ''
+
+def grey(text):
+ if text:
+ return '<font color="#909090">' + text + '</font>'
+ else:
+ return ''
+
+def lookup(name, frame, locals):
+ """Find the value for a given name in the given environment."""
+ if name in locals:
+ return 'local', locals[name]
+ if name in frame.f_globals:
+ return 'global', frame.f_globals[name]
+ if '__builtins__' in frame.f_globals:
+ builtins = frame.f_globals['__builtins__']
+ if type(builtins) is type({}):
+ if name in builtins:
+ return 'builtin', builtins[name]
+ else:
+ if hasattr(builtins, name):
+ return 'builtin', getattr(builtins, name)
+ return None, __UNDEF__
+
+def scanvars(reader, frame, locals):
+ """Scan one logical line of Python and look up values of variables used."""
+ vars, lasttoken, parent, prefix, value = [], None, None, '', __UNDEF__
+ for ttype, token, start, end, line in tokenize.generate_tokens(reader):
+ if ttype == tokenize.NEWLINE: break
+ if ttype == tokenize.NAME and token not in keyword.kwlist:
+ if lasttoken == '.':
+ if parent is not __UNDEF__:
+ value = getattr(parent, token, __UNDEF__)
+ vars.append((prefix + token, prefix, value))
+ else:
+ where, value = lookup(token, frame, locals)
+ vars.append((token, where, value))
+ elif token == '.':
+ prefix += lasttoken + '.'
+ parent = value
+ else:
+ parent, prefix = None, ''
+ lasttoken = token
+ return vars
+
+def html(einfo, context=5):
+ """Return a nice HTML document describing a given traceback."""
+ etype, evalue, etb = einfo
+ if type(etype) is types.ClassType:
+ etype = etype.__name__
+ pyver = 'Python ' + sys.version.split()[0] + ': ' + sys.executable
+ date = time.ctime(time.time())
+ head = '<body bgcolor="#f0f0f8">' + pydoc.html.heading(
+ '<big><big>%s</big></big>' %
+ strong(pydoc.html.escape(str(etype))),
+ '#ffffff', '#6622aa', pyver + '<br>' + date) + '''
+<p>A problem occurred in a Python script. Here is the sequence of
+function calls leading up to the error, in the order they occurred.</p>'''
+
+ indent = '<tt>' + small('&nbsp;' * 5) + '&nbsp;</tt>'
+ frames = []
+ records = inspect.getinnerframes(etb, context)
+ for frame, file, lnum, func, lines, index in records:
+ if file:
+ file = os.path.abspath(file)
+ link = '<a href="file://%s">%s</a>' % (file, pydoc.html.escape(file))
+ else:
+ file = link = '?'
+ args, varargs, varkw, locals = inspect.getargvalues(frame)
+ call = ''
+ if func != '?':
+ call = 'in ' + strong(func) + \
+ inspect.formatargvalues(args, varargs, varkw, locals,
+ formatvalue=lambda value: '=' + pydoc.html.repr(value))
+
+ highlight = {}
+ def reader(lnum=[lnum]):
+ highlight[lnum[0]] = 1
+ try: return linecache.getline(file, lnum[0])
+ finally: lnum[0] += 1
+ vars = scanvars(reader, frame, locals)
+
+ rows = ['<tr><td bgcolor="#d8bbff">%s%s %s</td></tr>' %
+ ('<big>&nbsp;</big>', link, call)]
+ if index is not None:
+ i = lnum - index
+ for line in lines:
+ num = small('&nbsp;' * (5-len(str(i))) + str(i)) + '&nbsp;'
+ if i in highlight:
+ line = '<tt>=&gt;%s%s</tt>' % (num, pydoc.html.preformat(line))
+ rows.append('<tr><td bgcolor="#ffccee">%s</td></tr>' % line)
+ else:
+ line = '<tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;%s%s</tt>' % (num, pydoc.html.preformat(line))
+ rows.append('<tr><td>%s</td></tr>' % grey(line))
+ i += 1
+
+ done, dump = {}, []
+ for name, where, value in vars:
+ if name in done: continue
+ done[name] = 1
+ if value is not __UNDEF__:
+ if where in ('global', 'builtin'):
+ name = ('<em>%s</em> ' % where) + strong(name)
+ elif where == 'local':
+ name = strong(name)
+ else:
+ name = where + strong(name.split('.')[-1])
+ dump.append('%s&nbsp;= %s' % (name, pydoc.html.repr(value)))
+ else:
+ dump.append(name + ' <em>undefined</em>')
+
+ rows.append('<tr><td>%s</td></tr>' % small(grey(', '.join(dump))))
+ frames.append('''
+<table width="100%%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0>
+%s</table>''' % '\n'.join(rows))
+
+ exception = ['<p>%s: %s' % (strong(pydoc.html.escape(str(etype))),
+ pydoc.html.escape(str(evalue)))]
+ if isinstance(evalue, BaseException):
+ for name in dir(evalue):
+ if name[:1] == '_': continue
+ value = pydoc.html.repr(getattr(evalue, name))
+ exception.append('\n<br>%s%s&nbsp;=\n%s' % (indent, name, value))
+
+ return head + ''.join(frames) + ''.join(exception) + '''
+
+
+<!-- The above is a description of an error in a Python program, formatted
+ for a Web browser because the 'cgitb' module was enabled. In case you
+ are not reading this in a Web browser, here is the original traceback:
+
+%s
+-->
+''' % pydoc.html.escape(
+ ''.join(traceback.format_exception(etype, evalue, etb)))
+
+def text(einfo, context=5):
+ """Return a plain text document describing a given traceback."""
+ etype, evalue, etb = einfo
+ if type(etype) is types.ClassType:
+ etype = etype.__name__
+ pyver = 'Python ' + sys.version.split()[0] + ': ' + sys.executable
+ date = time.ctime(time.time())
+ head = "%s\n%s\n%s\n" % (str(etype), pyver, date) + '''
+A problem occurred in a Python script. Here is the sequence of
+function calls leading up to the error, in the order they occurred.
+'''
+
+ frames = []
+ records = inspect.getinnerframes(etb, context)
+ for frame, file, lnum, func, lines, index in records:
+ file = file and os.path.abspath(file) or '?'
+ args, varargs, varkw, locals = inspect.getargvalues(frame)
+ call = ''
+ if func != '?':
+ call = 'in ' + func + \
+ inspect.formatargvalues(args, varargs, varkw, locals,
+ formatvalue=lambda value: '=' + pydoc.text.repr(value))
+
+ highlight = {}
+ def reader(lnum=[lnum]):
+ highlight[lnum[0]] = 1
+ try: return linecache.getline(file, lnum[0])
+ finally: lnum[0] += 1
+ vars = scanvars(reader, frame, locals)
+
+ rows = [' %s %s' % (file, call)]
+ if index is not None:
+ i = lnum - index
+ for line in lines:
+ num = '%5d ' % i
+ rows.append(num+line.rstrip())
+ i += 1
+
+ done, dump = {}, []
+ for name, where, value in vars:
+ if name in done: continue
+ done[name] = 1
+ if value is not __UNDEF__:
+ if where == 'global': name = 'global ' + name
+ elif where != 'local': name = where + name.split('.')[-1]
+ dump.append('%s = %s' % (name, pydoc.text.repr(value)))
+ else:
+ dump.append(name + ' undefined')
+
+ rows.append('\n'.join(dump))
+ frames.append('\n%s\n' % '\n'.join(rows))
+
+ exception = ['%s: %s' % (str(etype), str(evalue))]
+ if isinstance(evalue, BaseException):
+ for name in dir(evalue):
+ value = pydoc.text.repr(getattr(evalue, name))
+ exception.append('\n%s%s = %s' % (" "*4, name, value))
+
+ return head + ''.join(frames) + ''.join(exception) + '''
+
+The above is a description of an error in a Python program. Here is
+the original traceback:
+
+%s
+''' % ''.join(traceback.format_exception(etype, evalue, etb))
+
+class Hook:
+ """A hook to replace sys.excepthook that shows tracebacks in HTML."""
+
+ def __init__(self, display=1, logdir=None, context=5, file=None,
+ format="html"):
+ self.display = display # send tracebacks to browser if true
+ self.logdir = logdir # log tracebacks to files if not None
+ self.context = context # number of source code lines per frame
+ self.file = file or sys.stdout # place to send the output
+ self.format = format
+
+ def __call__(self, etype, evalue, etb):
+ self.handle((etype, evalue, etb))
+
+ def handle(self, info=None):
+ info = info or sys.exc_info()
+ if self.format == "html":
+ self.file.write(reset())
+
+ formatter = (self.format=="html") and html or text
+ plain = False
+ try:
+ doc = formatter(info, self.context)
+ except: # just in case something goes wrong
+ doc = ''.join(traceback.format_exception(*info))
+ plain = True
+
+ if self.display:
+ if plain:
+ doc = doc.replace('&', '&amp;').replace('<', '&lt;')
+ self.file.write('<pre>' + doc + '</pre>\n')
+ else:
+ self.file.write(doc + '\n')
+ else:
+ self.file.write('<p>A problem occurred in a Python script.\n')
+
+ if self.logdir is not None:
+ suffix = ['.txt', '.html'][self.format=="html"]
+ (fd, path) = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix=suffix, dir=self.logdir)
+
+ try:
+ file = os.fdopen(fd, 'w')
+ file.write(doc)
+ file.close()
+ msg = '%s contains the description of this error.' % path
+ except:
+ msg = 'Tried to save traceback to %s, but failed.' % path
+
+ if self.format == 'html':
+ self.file.write('<p>%s</p>\n' % msg)
+ else:
+ self.file.write(msg + '\n')
+ try:
+ self.file.flush()
+ except: pass
+
+handler = Hook().handle
+def enable(display=1, logdir=None, context=5, format="html"):
+ """Install an exception handler that formats tracebacks as HTML.
+
+ The optional argument 'display' can be set to 0 to suppress sending the
+ traceback to the browser, and 'logdir' can be set to a directory to cause
+ tracebacks to be written to files there."""
+ sys.excepthook = Hook(display=display, logdir=logdir,
+ context=context, format=format)