Snap for 11220357 from 305b00a16de2b77d51d6daa68a7e2a8cb86c94c3 to 24Q1-releaseandroid-14.0.0_r33android-14.0.0_r32android-14.0.0_r31android-14.0.0_r30android-14.0.0_r29android14-qpr2-s3-releaseandroid14-qpr2-s2-releaseandroid14-qpr2-s1-releaseandroid14-qpr2-release

Change-Id: If8d4e64ef66ae1e5914f5479dabcda08c2fe09c8

22 files changed, 779 insertions, 370 deletions

diff --git a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/Android.bp b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/Android.bp
index 763820d6a..e7689b848 100644
--- a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/Android.bp
+++ b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/Android.bp
@@ -15,8 +15,11 @@ android_app {
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "VdmCommonLib",
+        "android.companion.virtual.flags-aconfig-java",
+        "android.companion.virtualdevice.flags-aconfig-java",
         "androidx.annotation_annotation",
         "androidx.appcompat_appcompat",
+        "androidx.preference_preference",
         "guava",
         "hilt_android",
     ],
diff --git a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/README.md b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/README.md
index 1b43de14c..7eb8fac87 100644
--- a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/README.md
+++ b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/README.md
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 [Prerequisites](#prerequisites) \
 [Build & Install](#build-and-install) \
 [Run](#run) \
-[Host Settings](#host-settings) \
-[Client Settings](#client-settings) \
+[Host Options](#host-options) \
+[Client Options](#client-options) \
 [Demos](#demos)
 
 ## Overview
@@ -71,14 +71,14 @@ available devices, build the APKs and install them.
 
 1.  Build the Host app.
 
-    ```
+    ```shell
     m -j VdmHost
     ```
 
 1.  Install the application as a system app on the host device.
     <!-- TODO(b/314436863): Add a bash script for easy host app install. -->
 
-    ```
+    ```shell
     adb root && adb disable-verity && adb reboot  # one time
     adb root && adb remount
     adb push $ANDROID_BUILD_TOP/development/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/com.example.android.vdmdemo.host.xml /system/etc/permissions/com.example.android.vdmdemo.host.xml
@@ -88,18 +88,19 @@ available devices, build the APKs and install them.
     ```
 
     **Tip:** Subsequent installs without changes to permissions, etc. do not
-    need all the commands above - you can just do \
+    need all the commands above - you can just run \
+    \
     `adb install -r -d -g $OUT/system/priv-app/VdmHost/VdmHost.apk`
 
 1.  Build and install the Demo app on the host device.
 
-    ```
+    ```shell
     m -j VdmDemos && adb install -r -d -g $OUT/system/app/VdmDemos/VdmDemos.apk
     ```
 
 1.  Build and install the Client app on the client device.
 
-    ```
+    ```shell
     m -j VdmClient && adb install -r -d -g $OUT/system/app/VdmClient/VdmClient.apk
     ```
 
@@ -113,124 +114,178 @@ available devices, build the APKs and install them.
     WARNING: If there are other devices in the vicinity with one of these apps
     running, they might interfere.
 
-1.  Once the connection switches to high bandwidth medium, the Host app will
-    show a launcher-like list of installed apps on the host device.
+1.  Check out the different [Host Options](#host-options) and
+    [Client Options](#client-options) that allow for changing the behavior of
+    the streamed apps and the virtual device in general.
 
-1.  Clicking an app icon will create a new virtual display, launch the app there
-    and start streaming the display contents to the client. The client will show
-    the surface of that display and render its contents.
+1.  Check out the [Demo apps](#demos) that are specifically meant to showcase
+    the VDM features.
 
-1.  Long pressing on an app icon will open a dialog to select an existing
-    display to launch the app on instead of creating a new one.
+<!-- LINT.IfChange(host_options) -->
 
-1.  Each display on the Client app has a "Back" and "Close" buttons. When a
-    display becomes empty, it's automatically removed.
+## Host Options
 
-1.  Each display on the Client app has a "Rotate" button to switch between
-    portrait and landscape orientation. This simulates the physical rotation of
-    the display of the streamed activity. The "Resize" button can be used to
-    change the display dimensions.
+NOTE: Any flag changes require device reboot or "Force stop" of the host app
+because the flag values are cached and evaluated only when the host app is
+starting. Alternatively, run: \
+\
+`adb shell am force-stop com.example.android.vdmdemo.host`
+
+### Launcher
+
+Once the connection with the client device is established, the Host app will
+show a launcher-like list of installed apps on the host device.
 
-1.  Each display on the Client app has a "Fullscreen" button which will move
-    the contents of that display to an immersive fullscreen activity. The
-    client's back button/gestures are sent back to the streamed app. Use
-    Volume Down on the client device to exit fullscreen. Volume Up acts as a
-    home key, if the streamed display is a home display.
+-   Clicking an app icon will create a new virtual display, launch the app there
+    and start streaming the display contents to the client. The client will show
+    the surface of that display and render its contents.
 
-1.  The Host app has a "CREATE HOME DISPLAY" button, clicking it will create a
+-   Long pressing on an app icon will open a dialog to select an existing
+    display to launch the app on instead of creating a new one.
+
+-   The Host app has a **CREATE HOME DISPLAY** button, clicking it will create a
     new virtual display, launch the secondary home activity there and start
     streaming the display contents to the client. The display on the Client app
     will have a home button, clicking it will navigate the streaming experience
-    back to the home activity.
+    back to the home activity. Run the commands below to enable this
+    functionality.
 
-1.  The Host app has a "CREATE MIRROR DISPLAY" button, clicking it will create a
-    new virtual display, mirror the default host display there and start
-    streaming the display contents to the client.
+    ```shell
+    adb shell device_config put virtual_devices android.companion.virtual.flags.vdm_custom_home true
+    adb shell am force-stop com.example.android.vdmdemo.host
+    ```
 
-1.  Check out the different [Host Settings](#host-settings) and
-    [Client Settings](#client-settings) that allow for changing the behavior of
-    the streamed apps and the virtual device in general.
+-   The Host app has a **CREATE MIRROR DISPLAY** button, clicking it will create
+    a new virtual display, mirror the default host display there and start
+    streaming the display contents to the client. Run the commands below to
+    enable this functionality.
 
-1.  Check out the [Demo apps](#demos) that are specifically meant to showcase
-    the VDM features.
+    ```shell
+    adb shell device_config put virtual_devices android.companion.virtual.flags.consistent_display_flags true
+    adb shell device_config put virtual_devices android.companion.virtual.flags.interactive_screen_mirror true
+    adb shell am force-stop com.example.android.vdmdemo.host
+    ```
 
-<!-- LINT.IfChange(host_settings) -->
+### Settings
 
-## Host Settings
+#### General
 
--   **Client Sensors**: Enables sensor injection from the client device into the
-    host device. Any context that is associated with the virtual device will
-    access the virtual sensors by default. \
+-   **Device profile**: Enables device streaming CDM role as opposed to app
+    streaming role, with all differences in policies that this entails. \
     *Changing this will recreate the virtual device.*
 
--   **Client Audio**: Enables audio output on the client device. Any context
-    that is associated with the virtual device will play audio on the client by
-    default. \
-    *This can be changed dynamically.*
-
 -   **Include streamed apps in recents**: Whether streamed apps should show up
-    in the host device's recent apps. Run the command below to enable this
+    in the host device's recent apps. Run the commands below to enable this
     functionality. \
     *This can be changed dynamically.*
 
     ```shell
     adb shell device_config put virtual_devices android.companion.virtual.flags.dynamic_policy true
+    adb shell am force-stop com.example.android.vdmdemo.host
     ```
 
--   **Cross-device clipboard**: Whether to share the clipboard between the host
-    and the virtual device. If disabled, both devices will have their own
-    isolated clipboards. Run the command below to enable this functionality. \
+-   **Enable cross-device clipboard**: Whether to share the clipboard between
+    the host and the virtual device. If disabled, both devices will have their
+    own isolated clipboards. Run the commands below to enable this
+    functionality. \
     *This can be changed dynamically.*
 
     ```shell
     adb shell device_config put virtual_devices android.companion.virtual.flags.cross_device_clipboard true
+    adb shell am force-stop com.example.android.vdmdemo.host
     ```
 
+#### Client capabilities
+
+-   **Enable client Sensors**: Enables sensor injection from the client device
+    into the host device. Any context that is associated with the virtual device
+    will access the virtual sensors by default. \
+    *Changing this will recreate the virtual device.*
+
+-   **Enable client Audio**: Enables audio output on the client device. Any
+    context that is associated with the virtual device will play audio on the
+    client by default. \
+    *This can be changed dynamically.*
+
+#### Displays
+
 -   **Display rotation**: Whether orientation change requests from streamed apps
     should trigger orientation change of the relevant display. The client will
     automatically rotate the relevant display upon such request. Disabling this
     simulates a fixed orientation display that cannot physically rotate. Then
     any streamed apps on that display will be letterboxed/pillarboxed if they
-    request orientation change. \
+    request orientation change. Run the commands below to enable this
+    functionality. \
     *This can be changed dynamically but only applies to newly created
     displays.*
 
+    ```shell
+    adb shell device_config put virtual_devices android.companion.virtual.flags.consistent_display_flags true
+    adb shell am force-stop com.example.android.vdmdemo.host
+    ```
+
 -   **Always unlocked**: Whether the virtual displays should remain unlocked and
     interactive when the host device is locked. Disabling this will result in a
     simple lock screen shown on these displays when the host device is locked. \
     *Changing this will recreate the virtual device.*
 
--   **Device streaming profile**: Enables device streaming CDM role as opposed
-    to app streaming role, with all differences in policies that this entails. \
-    *Changing this will recreate the virtual device.*
-
--   **Record encoder output**: Enables recording the output of the encoder on
-    the host device to a local file on the device. This can be helpful with
-    debugging Encoding related issues. To download and play the file locally:
-
-    ```shell
-    adb pull /sdcard/Download/vdmdemo_encoder_output_<displayId>.h264
-    ffplay -f h264 vdmdemo_encoder_output_<displayId>.h264
-    ```
-
 -   **Show pointer icon**: Whether pointer icon should be shown for virtual
     input pointer devices. \
     *This can be changed dynamically.*
 
 -   **Custom home**: Whether to use a custom activity as home on home displays,
-    or use the device-default secondary home activity. Run the command below to
+    or use the device-default secondary home activity. Run the commands below to
     enable this functionality. \
     *Changing this will recreate the virtual device.*
 
     ```shell
     adb shell device_config put virtual_devices android.companion.virtual.flags.vdm_custom_home true
+    adb shell am force-stop com.example.android.vdmdemo.host
+    ```
+
+#### Input method
+
+-   **Display IME policy**: Choose the IME behavior on remote displays. Run the
+    commands below to enable this functionality. \
+    *This can be changed dynamically.*
+
+    ```shell
+    adb shell device_config put virtual_devices android.companion.virtual.flags.vdm_custom_ime true
+    adb shell am force-stop com.example.android.vdmdemo.host
+    ```
+
+#### Debug
+
+-   **Record encoder output**: Enables recording the output of the encoder on
+    the host device to a local file on the device. This can be helpful with
+    debugging Encoding related issues. To download and play the file locally:
+
+    ```shell
+    adb pull /sdcard/Download/vdmdemo_encoder_output_<displayId>.h264
+    ffplay -f h264 vdmdemo_encoder_output_<displayId>.h264
     ```
 
-<!-- LINT.ThenChange(/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/menu/settings.xml) -->
+<!-- LINT.ThenChange(README.md) -->
 <!-- LINT.IfChange(client_options) -->
 
 ## Client Options
 
+### Streamed displays
+
+-   Each display on the Client app has a "Back" and "Close" buttons. When a
+    display becomes empty, it's automatically removed.
+
+-   Each display on the Client app has a "Rotate" button to switch between
+    portrait and landscape orientation. This simulates the physical rotation of
+    the display of the streamed activity. The "Resize" button can be used to
+    change the display dimensions.
+
+-   Each display on the Client app has a "Fullscreen" button which will move the
+    contents of that display to an immersive fullscreen activity. The client's
+    back button/gestures are sent back to the streamed app. Use Volume Down on
+    the client device to exit fullscreen. Volume Up acts as a home key, if the
+    streamed display is a home display.
+
 ### Input
 
 The input menu button enables **on-screen D-Pad and touchpad** for navigating
@@ -244,7 +299,7 @@ keyboard** are forwarded to the activity streamed on the focused display.
 **Externally connected mouse** events are also forwarded to the relevant
 display, if the mouse pointer is currently positioned on a streamed display.
 
-<!-- LINT.ThenChange(/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/client/res/menu/options.xml) -->
+<!-- LINT.ThenChange(README.md) -->
 <!-- LINT.IfChange(demos) -->
 
 ## Demos
@@ -277,4 +332,4 @@ display, if the mouse pointer is currently positioned on a streamed display.
     is no vibration support on virtual devices, so vibration requests from
     streamed activities are ignored.
 
-<!-- LINT.ThenChange(/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/demos/AndroidManifest.xml) -->
+<!-- LINT.ThenChange(README.md) -->
diff --git a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/AndroidManifest.xml b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/AndroidManifest.xml
index b9361a462..9edf07d9e 100644
--- a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -57,9 +57,12 @@
             </intent-filter>
         </activity>
         <activity
+            android:name=".SettingsActivity"
+            android:exported="true"
+            android:theme="@style/Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar" />
+        <activity
             android:name=".CustomLauncherActivity"
             android:exported="true"
-            android:label="@string/custom_home"
             android:launchMode="singleTop"
             android:theme="@style/Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar.FullScreen" />
 
diff --git a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/com.example.android.vdmdemo.host.xml b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/com.example.android.vdmdemo.host.xml
index 43062ae5e..a2ac85a30 100644
--- a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/com.example.android.vdmdemo.host.xml
+++ b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/com.example.android.vdmdemo.host.xml
@@ -17,13 +17,10 @@
 
 <permissions>
     <privapp-permissions package="com.example.android.vdmdemo.host">
-        <permission name="android.permission.CREATE_VIRTUAL_DEVICE" />
         <permission name="android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_ROUTING" />
         <permission name="android.permission.QUERY_AUDIO_STATE" />
         <permission name="android.permission.REQUEST_COMPANION_SELF_MANAGED" />
         <permission name="android.permission.REQUEST_COMPANION_PROFILE_APP_STREAMING" />
         <permission name="android.permission.REQUEST_COMPANION_PROFILE_NEARBY_DEVICE_STREAMING" />
-        <permission name="android.permission.ADD_ALWAYS_UNLOCKED_DISPLAY" />
-        <permission name="android.permission.ADD_TRUSTED_DISPLAY" />
     </privapp-permissions>
 </permissions>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/layout/activity_settings.xml b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/layout/activity_settings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab08c819b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/layout/activity_settings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
+    android:layout_width="match_parent"
+    android:layout_height="match_parent"
+    android:orientation="vertical">
+
+    <androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
+        android:id="@+id/main_tool_bar"
+        android:layout_width="match_parent"
+        android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
+        android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
+        android:elevation="4dp"
+        android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.ActionBar"
+        app:navigationIcon="?homeAsUpIndicator"
+        app:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light" />
+
+    <androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView
+        android:id="@+id/settings_fragment_container"
+        android:name="com.example.android.vdmdemo.host.SettingsActivity$SettingsFragment"
+        android:layout_width="match_parent"
+        android:layout_height="match_parent" />
+
+</LinearLayout>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/menu/options.xml b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/menu/options.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..499ab4ddf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/menu/options.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- LINT.IfChange -->
+<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
+    <item
+        android:id="@+id/settings"
+        android:icon="@drawable/settings"
+        android:title="@string/settings"
+        app:showAsAction="always" />
+</menu>
+<!-- LINT.ThenChange(/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/README.md:host_options) -->
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/menu/settings.xml b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/menu/settings.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 698376f9a..000000000
--- a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/menu/settings.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- LINT.IfChange -->
-<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
-    <group android:checkableBehavior="all">
-        <item
-            android:id="@+id/enable_sensors"
-            android:title="@string/enable_sensors" />
-        <item
-            android:id="@+id/enable_audio"
-            android:title="@string/enable_audio" />
-        <item
-            android:id="@+id/enable_recents"
-            android:title="@string/enable_recents" />
-        <item
-            android:id="@+id/enable_clipboard"
-            android:title="@string/enable_clipboard" />
-        <item
-            android:id="@+id/enable_rotation"
-            android:title="@string/enable_rotation" />
-        <item
-            android:id="@+id/always_unlocked"
-            android:title="@string/always_unlocked" />
-        <item
-            android:id="@+id/use_device_streaming"
-            android:title="@string/use_device_streaming" />
-        <item
-            android:id="@+id/record_encoder_output"
-            android:title="@string/record_encoder_output" />
-        <item
-            android:id="@+id/show_pointer_icon"
-            android:title="@string/show_pointer_icon" />
-        <item
-            android:id="@+id/custom_home"
-            android:title="@string/custom_home" />
-    </group>
-</menu>
-<!-- LINT.ThenChange(/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/README.md:host_settings) -->
diff --git a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/values/arrays.xml b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/values/arrays.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a9fcd3e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/values/arrays.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<resources>
+    <string-array translatable="false" name="device_profile_labels">
+        <item>App streaming</item>
+        <item>Nearby device streaming</item>
+    </string-array>
+    <string-array translatable="false" name="device_profiles">
+        <item>@string/app_streaming</item>
+        <item>@string/nearby_device_streaming</item>
+    </string-array>
+
+    <string-array translatable="false" name="display_ime_policy_labels">
+        <item>Show IME on the remote display</item>
+        <item>Show IME on the default display</item>
+        <item>Do not show IME</item>
+    </string-array>
+    <!-- Values correspond to WindowManager#DisplayImePolicy enums. -->
+    <string-array translatable="false" name="display_ime_policies">
+        <item>0</item>
+        <item>1</item>
+        <item>2</item>
+    </string-array>
+</resources>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/values/strings.xml b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/values/strings.xml
index d8966ff36..e2001eec3 100644
--- a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/values/strings.xml
+++ b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/values/strings.xml
@@ -4,15 +4,23 @@
     <string name="create_home_display" translatable="false">Create Home Display</string>
     <string name="create_mirror_display" translatable="false">Create Mirror Display</string>
     <string name="app_icon_description" translatable="false">Application Icon</string>
+    <string name="settings" translatable="false">Settings</string>
 
-    <string name="enable_audio" translatable="false">Client audio</string>
-    <string name="enable_sensors" translatable="false">Client sensors</string>
-    <string name="enable_recents" translatable="false">Include streamed apps in recents</string>
-    <string name="enable_clipboard" translatable="false">Cross-device clipboard</string>
-    <string name="enable_rotation" translatable="false">Display rotation</string>
-    <string name="always_unlocked" translatable="false">Always unlocked</string>
-    <string name="use_device_streaming" translatable="false">Device streaming profile</string>
-    <string name="record_encoder_output" translatable="false">Record encoder output</string>
-    <string name="show_pointer_icon" translatable="false">Show pointer icon</string>
-    <string name="custom_home" translatable="false">Custom home</string>
+    <string name="pref_device_profile" translatable="false">device_profile</string>
+    <string name="pref_enable_recents" translatable="false">enable_recents</string>
+    <string name="pref_enable_cross_device_clipboard" translatable="false">enable_cross_device_clipboard</string>
+    <string name="pref_enable_client_sensors" translatable="false">enable_client_sensors</string>
+    <string name="pref_enable_client_audio" translatable="false">enable_client_audio</string>
+    <string name="pref_enable_display_rotation" translatable="false">enable_display_rotation</string>
+    <string name="pref_always_unlocked_device" translatable="false">always_unlocked_device</string>
+    <string name="pref_show_pointer_icon" translatable="false">show_pointer_icon</string>
+    <string name="pref_enable_custom_home" translatable="false">enable_custom_home</string>
+    <string name="pref_display_ime_policy" translatable="false">display_ime_policy</string>
+    <string name="pref_record_encoder_output" translatable="false">record_encoder_output</string>
+
+    <string name="internal_pref_enable_home_displays" translatable="false">enable_home_displays</string>
+    <string name="internal_pref_enable_mirror_displays" translatable="false">enable_mirror_displays</string>
+
+    <string name="app_streaming" translatable="false">android.app.role.COMPANION_DEVICE_APP_STREAMING</string>
+    <string name="nearby_device_streaming" translatable="false">android.app.role.COMPANION_DEVICE_NEARBY_DEVICE_STREAMING</string>
 </resources>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/xml/preferences.xml b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/xml/preferences.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f7f7a82d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/res/xml/preferences.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- LINT.IfChange -->
+<PreferenceScreen xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" >
+
+    <PreferenceCategory
+        android:key="general"
+        android:title="General"
+        app:iconSpaceReserved="false">
+        <ListPreference
+            android:key="@string/pref_device_profile"
+            android:title="Device profile"
+            android:entries="@array/device_profile_labels"
+            android:entryValues="@array/device_profiles"
+            android:defaultValue="@string/app_streaming"
+            app:useSimpleSummaryProvider="true"
+            app:iconSpaceReserved="false" />
+        <SwitchPreferenceCompat
+            android:key="@string/pref_enable_recents"
+            android:title="Include streamed app in recents"
+            android:defaultValue="false"
+            app:iconSpaceReserved="false"/>
+        <SwitchPreferenceCompat
+            android:key="@string/pref_enable_cross_device_clipboard"
+            android:title="Enable cross-device clipboard"
+            android:defaultValue="false"
+            app:iconSpaceReserved="false"/>
+    </PreferenceCategory>
+
+    <PreferenceCategory
+        android:key="client_capabilities"
+        android:title="Client capabilities"
+        app:iconSpaceReserved="false">
+         <SwitchPreferenceCompat
+            android:key="@string/pref_enable_client_sensors"
+            android:title="Enable client sensors"
+            android:defaultValue="true"
+            app:iconSpaceReserved="false" />
+        <SwitchPreferenceCompat
+            android:key="@string/pref_enable_client_audio"
+            android:title="Enable client audio"
+            android:defaultValue="true"
+            app:iconSpaceReserved="false" />
+    </PreferenceCategory>
+
+    <PreferenceCategory
+        android:key="display"
+        android:title="Displays"
+        app:iconSpaceReserved="false">
+        <SwitchPreferenceCompat
+            android:key="@string/pref_enable_display_rotation"
+            android:title="Enable display rotation"
+            android:summary="Rotate the remote display instead of letterboxing or pillarboxing"
+            android:defaultValue="true"
+            app:iconSpaceReserved="false" />
+        <SwitchPreferenceCompat
+            android:key="@string/pref_always_unlocked_device"
+            android:title="Always unlocked"
+            android:summary="Remote displays remain unlocked even when the host is locked"
+            android:defaultValue="false"
+            app:iconSpaceReserved="false" />
+        <SwitchPreferenceCompat
+            android:key="@string/pref_show_pointer_icon"
+            android:title="Show pointer icon"
+            android:summary="Mouse pointer on remote displays is visible"
+            android:defaultValue="false"
+            app:iconSpaceReserved="false" />
+        <SwitchPreferenceCompat
+            android:key="@string/pref_enable_custom_home"
+            android:title="Custom home"
+            android:summary="Use a custom home activity instead of the default one on home displays"
+            android:defaultValue="false"
+            app:iconSpaceReserved="false" />
+    </PreferenceCategory>
+
+    <PreferenceCategory
+        android:key="ime"
+        android:title="Input Method"
+        app:iconSpaceReserved="false">
+        <ListPreference
+            android:key="@string/pref_display_ime_policy"
+            android:title="Display IME policy"
+            android:entries="@array/display_ime_policy_labels"
+            android:entryValues="@array/display_ime_policies"
+            android:defaultValue="0"
+            app:useSimpleSummaryProvider="true"
+            app:iconSpaceReserved="false" />
+    </PreferenceCategory>
+
+    <PreferenceCategory
+        android:key="debug"
+        android:title="Debug"
+        app:iconSpaceReserved="false">
+    <!--
+        When enabled, the encoder output of the host will be stored in:
+        /sdcard/Download/vdmdemo_encoder_output_[displayId].h264
+
+        After pulling this file to your machine this can be played back with:
+        ffplay -f h264 vdmdemo_encoder_output_[displayId].h264
+        -->
+        <SwitchPreferenceCompat
+            android:key="@string/pref_record_encoder_output"
+            android:title="Record encoder output"
+            android:summary="Store the host's media encoder output to a local file"
+            android:defaultValue="false"
+            app:iconSpaceReserved="false" />
+    </PreferenceCategory>
+
+</PreferenceScreen>
+<!-- LINT.ThenChange(/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/README.md:host_options) -->
diff --git a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/DisplayRepository.java b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/DisplayRepository.java
index 5bd57459a..bbe0c5fe2 100644
--- a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/DisplayRepository.java
+++ b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/DisplayRepository.java
@@ -69,6 +69,14 @@ final class DisplayRepository {
         }
     }
 
+    int[] getDisplayIds() {
+        synchronized (mDisplayRepository) {
+            return mDisplayRepository.stream()
+                    .mapToInt(RemoteDisplay::getDisplayId)
+                    .toArray();
+        }
+    }
+
     int[] getRemoteDisplayIds() {
         synchronized (mDisplayRepository) {
             return mDisplayRepository.stream()
diff --git a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/MainActivity.java b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/MainActivity.java
index f594e743e..b397100d7 100644
--- a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/MainActivity.java
+++ b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/MainActivity.java
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ public class MainActivity extends Hilt_MainActivity {
             };
 
     @Inject ConnectionManager mConnectionManager;
-    @Inject Settings mSettings;
+    @Inject PreferenceController mPreferenceController;
 
     @Override
     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
@@ -92,11 +92,15 @@ public class MainActivity extends Hilt_MainActivity {
 
         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
         Toolbar toolbar = requireViewById(R.id.main_tool_bar);
-        toolbar.setOverflowIcon(getDrawable(R.drawable.settings));
         setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
 
         mHomeDisplayButton = requireViewById(R.id.create_home_display);
+        mHomeDisplayButton.setEnabled(
+                mPreferenceController.getBoolean(R.string.internal_pref_enable_home_displays));
         mMirrorDisplayButton = requireViewById(R.id.create_mirror_display);
+        mMirrorDisplayButton.setEnabled(
+                mPreferenceController.getBoolean(R.string.internal_pref_enable_mirror_displays));
+
         mLauncher = requireViewById(R.id.app_grid);
         mLauncher.setVisibility(View.GONE);
         LauncherAdapter launcherAdapter = new LauncherAdapter(getPackageManager());
@@ -189,79 +193,15 @@ public class MainActivity extends Hilt_MainActivity {
     @Override
     public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
         MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
-        inflater.inflate(R.menu.settings, menu);
-        for (int i = 0; i < menu.size(); ++i) {
-            MenuItem item = menu.getItem(i);
-            switch (item.getItemId()) {
-                case R.id.enable_sensors:
-                    item.setChecked(mSettings.sensorsEnabled);
-                    break;
-                case R.id.enable_audio:
-                    item.setChecked(mSettings.audioEnabled);
-                    break;
-                case R.id.enable_recents:
-                    item.setChecked(mSettings.includeInRecents);
-                    break;
-                case R.id.enable_clipboard:
-                    item.setChecked(mSettings.crossDeviceClipboardEnabled);
-                    break;
-                case R.id.enable_rotation:
-                    item.setChecked(mSettings.displayRotationEnabled);
-                    break;
-                case R.id.always_unlocked:
-                    item.setChecked(mSettings.alwaysUnlocked);
-                    break;
-                case R.id.use_device_streaming:
-                    item.setChecked(mSettings.deviceStreaming);
-                    break;
-                case R.id.show_pointer_icon:
-                    item.setChecked(mSettings.showPointerIcon);
-                    break;
-                case R.id.record_encoder_output:
-                    item.setChecked(mSettings.recordEncoderOutput);
-                    break;
-                case R.id.custom_home:
-                    item.setChecked(mSettings.customHome);
-                    break;
-            }
-        }
+        inflater.inflate(R.menu.options, menu);
         return true;
     }
 
     @Override
     public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
-        item.setChecked(!item.isChecked());
-
         switch (item.getItemId()) {
-            case R.id.enable_sensors:
-                mVdmService.setSensorsEnabled(item.isChecked());
-                return true;
-            case R.id.enable_audio:
-                mVdmService.setAudioEnabled(item.isChecked());
-                return true;
-            case R.id.enable_recents:
-                mVdmService.setIncludeInRecents(item.isChecked());
-                return true;
-            case R.id.enable_clipboard:
-                mVdmService.setCrossDeviceClipboardEnabled(item.isChecked());
-                return true;
-            case R.id.enable_rotation:
-                mVdmService.setDisplayRotationEnabled(item.isChecked());
-                return true;
-            case R.id.always_unlocked:
-                mVdmService.setAlwaysUnlocked(item.isChecked());
-                return true;
-            case R.id.use_device_streaming:
-                mVdmService.setDeviceStreaming(item.isChecked());
-                return true;
-            case R.id.record_encoder_output:
-                mVdmService.setRecordEncoderOutput(item.isChecked());
-                return true;
-            case R.id.show_pointer_icon:
-                mVdmService.setShowPointerIcon(item.isChecked());
-                return true;
-            case R.id.custom_home:
-                mVdmService.setCustomHome(item.isChecked());
+            case R.id.settings:
+                startActivity(new Intent(this, SettingsActivity.class));
                 return true;
             default:
                 return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
diff --git a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/PreferenceController.java b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/PreferenceController.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13194d3fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/PreferenceController.java
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.example.android.vdmdemo.host;
+
+import static android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT;
+import static android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE;
+import static android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM;
+
+import android.companion.AssociationRequest;
+import android.companion.virtual.flags.Flags;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.SharedPreferences;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+
+import androidx.annotation.StringRes;
+import androidx.preference.Preference;
+import androidx.preference.PreferenceManager;
+
+import dagger.hilt.android.qualifiers.ApplicationContext;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.function.BooleanSupplier;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+import javax.inject.Inject;
+import javax.inject.Singleton;
+
+/**
+ * Manages the VDM Demo Host application settings and feature switches.
+ *
+ * <p>Upon creation, it will automatically update the preference values based on the current SDK
+ * version and the relevant feature flags.</p>
+ */
+@Singleton
+final class PreferenceController {
+
+    // LINT.IfChange
+    private static final Set<PrefRule<?>> RULES = Set.of(
+
+            // Exposed in the settings page
+
+            new BoolRule(R.string.pref_enable_cross_device_clipboard,
+                    VANILLA_ICE_CREAM, Flags::crossDeviceClipboard),
+
+            new BoolRule(R.string.pref_enable_client_sensors, UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE),
+
+            new BoolRule(R.string.pref_enable_display_rotation,
+                    VANILLA_ICE_CREAM, Flags::consistentDisplayFlags)
+                    .withDefaultValue(true),
+
+            new BoolRule(R.string.pref_enable_custom_home, VANILLA_ICE_CREAM, Flags::vdmCustomHome),
+
+            new StringRule(R.string.pref_display_ime_policy, VANILLA_ICE_CREAM, Flags::vdmCustomIme)
+                    .withDefaultValue(String.valueOf(0)),
+
+            // TODO(b/316098039): Evaluate the minSdk of the prefs below.
+            new StringRule(R.string.pref_device_profile, VANILLA_ICE_CREAM)
+                    .withDefaultValue(AssociationRequest.DEVICE_PROFILE_APP_STREAMING),
+            new BoolRule(R.string.pref_enable_recents, VANILLA_ICE_CREAM),
+            new BoolRule(R.string.pref_enable_client_audio, VANILLA_ICE_CREAM),
+            new BoolRule(R.string.pref_always_unlocked_device, VANILLA_ICE_CREAM),
+            new BoolRule(R.string.pref_show_pointer_icon, VANILLA_ICE_CREAM),
+            new BoolRule(R.string.pref_record_encoder_output, VANILLA_ICE_CREAM),
+
+            // Internal-only switches not exposed in the settings page.
+            // All of these are booleans acting as switches, while the above ones may be any type.
+
+            // TODO(b/316098039): Use the SysDecor flag on <= VIC
+            new InternalBoolRule(R.string.internal_pref_enable_home_displays,
+                    VANILLA_ICE_CREAM, Flags::vdmCustomHome),
+
+            new InternalBoolRule(R.string.internal_pref_enable_mirror_displays,
+                    VANILLA_ICE_CREAM,
+                    Flags::consistentDisplayFlags, Flags::interactiveScreenMirror)
+    );
+    // LINT.ThenChange(/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/README.md:host_options)
+
+    private final ArrayMap<Object, Map<String, Consumer<Object>>> mObservers = new ArrayMap<>();
+    private final SharedPreferences.OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener mPreferenceChangeListener =
+            this::onPreferencesChanged;
+
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final SharedPreferences mSharedPreferences;
+
+    @Inject
+    PreferenceController(@ApplicationContext Context context) {
+        mContext = context;
+        mSharedPreferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(mContext);
+
+        SharedPreferences.Editor editor = mSharedPreferences.edit();
+        RULES.forEach(r -> r.evaluate(mContext, editor));
+        editor.commit();
+
+        mSharedPreferences.registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(mPreferenceChangeListener);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds an observer for preference changes.
+     *
+     * @param key an object used only for bookkeeping.
+     * @param preferenceObserver a map from resource ID corresponding to the preference string key
+     *    to the function that should be executed when that preference changes.
+     */
+    void addPreferenceObserver(Object key, Map<Integer, Consumer<Object>> preferenceObserver) {
+        ArrayMap<String, Consumer<Object>> stringObserver = new ArrayMap<>();
+        for (int resId : preferenceObserver.keySet()) {
+            stringObserver.put(
+                    Objects.requireNonNull(mContext.getString(resId)),
+                    preferenceObserver.get(resId));
+        }
+        mObservers.put(key, stringObserver);
+    }
+
+    /** Removes a previously added preference observer for the given key. */
+    void removePreferenceObserver(Object key) {
+        mObservers.remove(key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disables any {@link androidx.preference.Preference}, which is not satisfied by the current
+     * SDK version or the relevant feature flags.
+     *
+     * <p>This doesn't change any of the preference values, only disables the relevant UI elements
+     * in the preference screen.</p>
+     */
+    void evaluate(PreferenceManager preferenceManager) {
+        RULES.forEach(r -> r.evaluate(mContext, preferenceManager));
+    }
+
+    boolean getBoolean(@StringRes int resId) {
+        return mSharedPreferences.getBoolean(mContext.getString(resId), false);
+    }
+
+    String getString(@StringRes int resId) {
+        return Objects.requireNonNull(
+                mSharedPreferences.getString(mContext.getString(resId), null));
+    }
+
+    int getInt(@StringRes int resId) {
+        return Integer.valueOf(getString(resId));
+    }
+
+    private void onPreferencesChanged(SharedPreferences sharedPreferences, String key) {
+        Map<String, ?> currentPreferences = sharedPreferences.getAll();
+        for (Map<String, Consumer<Object>> observer : mObservers.values()) {
+            Consumer<Object> consumer = observer.get(key);
+            if (consumer != null) {
+                consumer.accept(currentPreferences.get(key));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private abstract static class PrefRule<T> {
+        final @StringRes int mKey;
+        final int mMinSdk;
+        final BooleanSupplier[] mRequiredFlags;
+
+        protected T mDefaultValue;
+
+        PrefRule(@StringRes int key, T defaultValue, int minSdk, BooleanSupplier... requiredFlags) {
+            mKey = key;
+            mMinSdk = minSdk;
+            mRequiredFlags = requiredFlags;
+            mDefaultValue = defaultValue;
+        }
+
+        void evaluate(Context context, SharedPreferences.Editor editor) {
+            if (!isSatisfied()) {
+                reset(context, editor);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void evaluate(Context context, PreferenceManager preferenceManager)  {
+            Preference preference = preferenceManager.findPreference(context.getString(mKey));
+            if (preference != null) {
+                boolean enabled = isSatisfied();
+                if (preference.isEnabled() != enabled) {
+                    preference.setEnabled(enabled);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected abstract void reset(Context context, SharedPreferences.Editor editor);
+
+        protected boolean isSatisfied() {
+            return mMinSdk >= SDK_INT
+                    && Arrays.stream(mRequiredFlags).allMatch(BooleanSupplier::getAsBoolean);
+        }
+
+        PrefRule<T> withDefaultValue(T defaultValue) {
+            mDefaultValue = defaultValue;
+            return this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class BoolRule extends PrefRule<Boolean> {
+        BoolRule(@StringRes int key, int minSdk, BooleanSupplier... requiredFlags) {
+            super(key, false, minSdk, requiredFlags);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void reset(Context context, SharedPreferences.Editor editor) {
+            editor.putBoolean(context.getString(mKey), mDefaultValue);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class InternalBoolRule extends BoolRule {
+        InternalBoolRule(@StringRes int key, int minSdk, BooleanSupplier... requiredFlags) {
+            super(key, minSdk, requiredFlags);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        void evaluate(Context context, SharedPreferences.Editor editor) {
+            editor.putBoolean(context.getString(mKey), isSatisfied());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class StringRule extends PrefRule<String> {
+        StringRule(@StringRes int key, int minSdk, BooleanSupplier... requiredFlags) {
+            super(key, null, minSdk, requiredFlags);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void reset(Context context, SharedPreferences.Editor editor) {
+            editor.putString(context.getString(mKey), mDefaultValue);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/RemoteDisplay.java b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/RemoteDisplay.java
index 1e805f1cf..12fcdcec1 100644
--- a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/RemoteDisplay.java
+++ b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/RemoteDisplay.java
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class RemoteDisplay implements AutoCloseable {
 
     private final Context mContext;
     private final RemoteIo mRemoteIo;
-    private final Settings mSettings;
+    private final PreferenceController mPreferenceController;
     private final Consumer<RemoteEvent> mRemoteEventConsumer = this::processRemoteEvent;
     private final VirtualDisplay mVirtualDisplay;
     private final VirtualDpad mDpad;
@@ -113,19 +113,19 @@ class RemoteDisplay implements AutoCloseable {
             VirtualDevice virtualDevice,
             RemoteIo remoteIo,
             @DisplayType int displayType,
-            Settings settings) {
+            PreferenceController preferenceController) {
         mContext = context;
         mRemoteIo = remoteIo;
         mRemoteDisplayId = event.getDisplayId();
         mVirtualDevice = virtualDevice;
         mPendingIntentExecutor = context.getMainExecutor();
         mDisplayType = displayType;
-        mSettings = settings;
+        mPreferenceController = preferenceController;
 
         setCapabilities(event.getDisplayCapabilities());
 
         int flags = DEFAULT_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_FLAGS;
-        if (settings.displayRotationEnabled) {
+        if (mPreferenceController.getBoolean(R.string.pref_enable_display_rotation)) {
             flags |= DisplayManager.VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_FLAG_ROTATES_WITH_CONTENT;
         }
         if (mDisplayType == DISPLAY_TYPE_MIRROR) {
@@ -142,6 +142,9 @@ class RemoteDisplay implements AutoCloseable {
                         /* executor= */ Runnable::run,
                         /* callback= */ null);
 
+        mVirtualDevice.setDisplayImePolicy(
+                getDisplayId(), mPreferenceController.getInt(R.string.pref_display_ime_policy));
+
         mDpad =
                 virtualDevice.createVirtualDpad(
                         new VirtualDpadConfig.Builder()
@@ -164,9 +167,8 @@ class RemoteDisplay implements AutoCloseable {
         if (mVideoManager != null) {
             mVideoManager.stop();
         }
-        mVideoManager =
-                VideoManager.createEncoder(
-                        mRemoteDisplayId, mRemoteIo, mSettings.recordEncoderOutput);
+        mVideoManager = VideoManager.createEncoder(mRemoteDisplayId, mRemoteIo,
+                mPreferenceController.getBoolean(R.string.pref_record_encoder_output));
         Surface surface = mVideoManager.createInputSurface(mWidth, mHeight, DISPLAY_FPS);
         mVirtualDisplay.setSurface(surface);
 
diff --git a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/Settings.java b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/Settings.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 0eaebc59a..000000000
--- a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/Settings.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.example.android.vdmdemo.host;
-
-import javax.inject.Inject;
-import javax.inject.Singleton;
-
-/** Settings known to the VDM Demo Host application */
-@Singleton
-final class Settings {
-    public boolean displayRotationEnabled = true;
-    public boolean sensorsEnabled = true;
-    public boolean audioEnabled = true;
-    public boolean includeInRecents = false;
-    public boolean crossDeviceClipboardEnabled = false;
-    public boolean alwaysUnlocked = true;
-    public boolean deviceStreaming = false;
-    public boolean showPointerIcon = true;
-    public boolean customHome = false;
-
-    /**
-     * When enabled, the encoder output of the host will be stored in:
-     * /sdcard/Download/vdmdemo_encoder_output_[displayId].h264
-     *
-     * <p>After pulling this file to your machine this can be played back with:
-     * {@code ffplay -f h264 vdmdemo_encoder_output_[displayId].h264}
-     */
-    public boolean recordEncoderOutput = false;
-
-    @Inject
-    Settings() {}
-}
diff --git a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/SettingsActivity.java b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/SettingsActivity.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3cc1aaf62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/SettingsActivity.java
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.example.android.vdmdemo.host;
+
+import android.os.Bundle;
+
+import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
+import androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar;
+import androidx.preference.PreferenceFragmentCompat;
+
+import dagger.hilt.android.AndroidEntryPoint;
+
+import javax.inject.Inject;
+
+/** VDM Host Settings activity. */
+@AndroidEntryPoint(AppCompatActivity.class)
+public class SettingsActivity extends Hilt_SettingsActivity {
+
+    @Override
+    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
+
+        setContentView(R.layout.activity_settings);
+        Toolbar toolbar = requireViewById(R.id.main_tool_bar);
+        setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
+        toolbar.setNavigationOnClickListener(v -> finish());
+        setTitle(getTitle() + " " + getString(R.string.settings));
+    }
+
+    @AndroidEntryPoint(PreferenceFragmentCompat.class)
+    public static final class SettingsFragment extends Hilt_SettingsActivity_SettingsFragment {
+
+        @Inject PreferenceController mPreferenceController;
+
+        @Override
+        public void onCreatePreferences(Bundle savedInstanceState, String rootKey) {
+            setPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preferences, rootKey);
+            mPreferenceController.evaluate(getPreferenceManager());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/VdmService.java b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/VdmService.java
index 53c6d1d70..622a2a2f1 100644
--- a/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/VdmService.java
+++ b/samples/VirtualDeviceManager/host/src/com/example/android/vdmdemo/host/VdmService.java
@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ import com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
 
 import dagger.hilt.android.AndroidEntryPoint;
 
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
@@ -96,7 +98,7 @@ public final class VdmService extends Hilt_VdmService {
     @Inject ConnectionManager mConnectionManager;
     @Inject RemoteIo mRemoteIo;
     @Inject AudioStreamer mAudioStreamer;
-    @Inject Settings mSettings;
+    @Inject PreferenceController mPreferenceController;
     @Inject DisplayRepository mDisplayRepository;
 
     private RemoteSensorManager mRemoteSensorManager = null;
@@ -196,14 +198,47 @@ public final class VdmService extends Hilt_VdmService {
 
         mRemoteIo.addMessageConsumer(mRemoteEventConsumer);
 
-        if (mSettings.audioEnabled) {
+        if (mPreferenceController.getBoolean(R.string.pref_enable_client_audio)) {
             mAudioStreamer.start();
         }
+
+        mPreferenceController.addPreferenceObserver(this, Map.of(
+                R.string.pref_enable_recents,
+                b -> updateDevicePolicy(POLICY_TYPE_RECENTS, !(Boolean) b),
+
+                R.string.pref_enable_cross_device_clipboard,
+                b -> updateDevicePolicy(POLICY_TYPE_CLIPBOARD, (Boolean) b),
+
+                R.string.pref_show_pointer_icon,
+                b -> {
+                    if (mVirtualDevice != null) mVirtualDevice.setShowPointerIcon((Boolean) b);
+                },
+
+                R.string.pref_enable_client_audio,
+                b -> {
+                    if ((Boolean) b) mAudioStreamer.start(); else mAudioStreamer.stop();
+                },
+
+                R.string.pref_display_ime_policy,
+                s -> {
+                    if (mVirtualDevice != null) {
+                        int policy = Integer.valueOf((String) s);
+                        Arrays.stream(mDisplayRepository.getDisplayIds()).forEach(
+                                displayId -> mVirtualDevice.setDisplayImePolicy(displayId, policy));
+                    }
+                },
+
+                R.string.pref_enable_client_sensors, v -> recreateVirtualDevice(),
+                R.string.pref_device_profile, v -> recreateVirtualDevice(),
+                R.string.pref_always_unlocked_device, v -> recreateVirtualDevice(),
+                R.string.pref_enable_custom_home, v -> recreateVirtualDevice()
+        ));
     }
 
     @Override
     public void onDestroy() {
         super.onDestroy();
+        mPreferenceController.removePreferenceObserver(this);
         mConnectionManager.removeConnectionCallback(mConnectionCallback);
         closeVirtualDevice();
         mRemoteIo.removeMessageConsumer(mRemoteEventConsumer);
@@ -224,7 +259,7 @@ public final class VdmService extends Hilt_VdmService {
                             mVirtualDevice,
                             mRemoteIo,
                             mPendingDisplayType,
-                            mSettings);
+                            mPreferenceController);
             mDisplayRepository.addDisplay(remoteDisplay);
             mPendingDisplayType = RemoteDisplay.DISPLAY_TYPE_APP;
             if (mPendingRemoteIntent != null) {
@@ -241,10 +276,7 @@ public final class VdmService extends Hilt_VdmService {
         CompanionDeviceManager cdm =
                 Objects.requireNonNull(getSystemService(CompanionDeviceManager.class));
         RoleManager rm = Objects.requireNonNull(getSystemService(RoleManager.class));
-        final String deviceProfile =
-                mSettings.deviceStreaming
-                        ? AssociationRequest.DEVICE_PROFILE_NEARBY_DEVICE_STREAMING
-                        : AssociationRequest.DEVICE_PROFILE_APP_STREAMING;
+        final String deviceProfile = mPreferenceController.getString(R.string.pref_device_profile);
         for (AssociationInfo associationInfo : cdm.getMyAssociations()) {
             // Flashing the device clears the role and the permissions, but not the CDM
             // associations.
@@ -305,24 +337,24 @@ public final class VdmService extends Hilt_VdmService {
                         .setDevicePolicy(POLICY_TYPE_AUDIO, DEVICE_POLICY_CUSTOM)
                         .setAudioPlaybackSessionId(mAudioStreamer.getPlaybackSessionId());
 
-        if (mSettings.alwaysUnlocked) {
+        if (mPreferenceController.getBoolean(R.string.pref_always_unlocked_device)) {
             virtualDeviceBuilder.setLockState(LOCK_STATE_ALWAYS_UNLOCKED);
         }
 
-        if (mSettings.customHome) {
+        if (mPreferenceController.getBoolean(R.string.pref_enable_custom_home)) {
             virtualDeviceBuilder.setHomeComponent(
                     new ComponentName(this, CustomLauncherActivity.class));
         }
 
-        if (!mSettings.includeInRecents) {
+        if (!mPreferenceController.getBoolean(R.string.pref_enable_recents)) {
             virtualDeviceBuilder.setDevicePolicy(POLICY_TYPE_RECENTS, DEVICE_POLICY_CUSTOM);
         }
 
-        if (mSettings.crossDeviceClipboardEnabled) {
+        if (mPreferenceController.getBoolean(R.string.pref_enable_cross_device_clipboard)) {
             virtualDeviceBuilder.setDevicePolicy(POLICY_TYPE_CLIPBOARD, DEVICE_POLICY_CUSTOM);
         }
 
-        if (mSettings.sensorsEnabled) {
+        if (mPreferenceController.getBoolean(R.string.pref_enable_client_sensors)) {
             for (SensorCapabilities sensor : mDeviceCapabilities.getSensorCapabilitiesList()) {
                 virtualDeviceBuilder.addVirtualSensorConfig(
                         new VirtualSensorConfig.Builder(
@@ -353,7 +385,8 @@ public final class VdmService extends Hilt_VdmService {
             mRemoteSensorManager.setVirtualSensors(mVirtualDevice.getVirtualSensorList());
         }
 
-        mVirtualDevice.setShowPointerIcon(mSettings.showPointerIcon);
+        mVirtualDevice.setShowPointerIcon(
+                mPreferenceController.getBoolean(R.string.pref_show_pointer_icon));
 
         mVirtualDevice.addActivityListener(
                 MoreExecutors.directExecutor(),
@@ -447,73 +480,19 @@ public final class VdmService extends Hilt_VdmService {
                 .ifPresent(d -> d.launchIntent(pendingIntent));
     }
 
-    void setDisplayRotationEnabled(boolean enabled) {
-        mSettings.displayRotationEnabled = enabled;
-    }
-
-    void setSensorsEnabled(boolean enabled) {
-        recreateVirtualDevice(() -> mSettings.sensorsEnabled = enabled);
-    }
-
-    void setIncludeInRecents(boolean include) {
-        mSettings.includeInRecents = include;
+    private void recreateVirtualDevice() {
         if (mVirtualDevice != null) {
-            mVirtualDevice.setDevicePolicy(
-                    POLICY_TYPE_RECENTS, include ? DEVICE_POLICY_DEFAULT : DEVICE_POLICY_CUSTOM);
+            closeVirtualDevice();
+            if (mDeviceCapabilities != null) {
+                associateAndCreateVirtualDevice();
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    void setCrossDeviceClipboardEnabled(boolean enabled) {
-        mSettings.crossDeviceClipboardEnabled = enabled;
+    private void updateDevicePolicy(int policyType, boolean custom) {
         if (mVirtualDevice != null) {
             mVirtualDevice.setDevicePolicy(
-                    POLICY_TYPE_CLIPBOARD, enabled ? DEVICE_POLICY_CUSTOM : DEVICE_POLICY_DEFAULT);
-        }
-    }
-
-    void setAlwaysUnlocked(boolean enabled) {
-        recreateVirtualDevice(() -> mSettings.alwaysUnlocked = enabled);
-    }
-
-    void setDeviceStreaming(boolean enabled) {
-        recreateVirtualDevice(() -> mSettings.deviceStreaming = enabled);
-    }
-
-    void setRecordEncoderOutput(boolean enabled) {
-        recreateVirtualDevice(() -> mSettings.recordEncoderOutput = enabled);
-    }
-
-    void setShowPointerIcon(boolean enabled) {
-        mSettings.showPointerIcon = enabled;
-        if (mVirtualDevice != null) {
-            mVirtualDevice.setShowPointerIcon(enabled);
-        }
-    }
-
-    void setAudioEnabled(boolean enabled) {
-        mSettings.audioEnabled = enabled;
-        if (enabled) {
-            mAudioStreamer.start();
-        } else {
-            mAudioStreamer.stop();
-        }
-    }
-
-    void setCustomHome(boolean enabled) {
-        recreateVirtualDevice(() -> mSettings.customHome = enabled);
-    }
-
-    private interface DeviceSettingsChange {
-        void apply();
-    }
-
-    private void recreateVirtualDevice(DeviceSettingsChange settingsChange) {
-        if (mVirtualDevice != null) {
-            closeVirtualDevice();
-        }
-        settingsChange.apply();
-        if (mDeviceCapabilities != null) {
-            associateAndCreateVirtualDevice();
+                    policyType, custom ? DEVICE_POLICY_CUSTOM : DEVICE_POLICY_DEFAULT);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/tools/cargo_embargo/Android.bp b/tools/cargo_embargo/Android.bp
index e88297a6b..dd53b8b81 100644
--- a/tools/cargo_embargo/Android.bp
+++ b/tools/cargo_embargo/Android.bp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ rust_defaults {
         "libenv_logger",
         "libglob",
         "liblog_rust",
+        "libnix",
         "libonce_cell",
         "libregex",
         "libserde",
diff --git a/tools/cargo_embargo/OWNERS b/tools/cargo_embargo/OWNERS
index 204e0264f..be44c2397 100644
--- a/tools/cargo_embargo/OWNERS
+++ b/tools/cargo_embargo/OWNERS
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 fmayle@google.com
+qwandor@google.com
 smoreland@google.com
diff --git a/tools/cargo_embargo/src/cargo/cargo_out.rs b/tools/cargo_embargo/src/cargo/cargo_out.rs
index 1064d0b2b..a30623899 100644
--- a/tools/cargo_embargo/src/cargo/cargo_out.rs
+++ b/tools/cargo_embargo/src/cargo/cargo_out.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 use super::metadata::WorkspaceMetadata;
 use super::{Crate, CrateType, Extern, ExternType};
+use crate::CargoOutput;
 use anyhow::anyhow;
 use anyhow::bail;
 use anyhow::Context;
@@ -23,7 +24,6 @@ use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use regex::Regex;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::env;
-use std::fs::{read_to_string, File};
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
@@ -31,16 +31,14 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 /// the rustc invocations.
 ///
 /// Ignores crates outside the current directory and build script crates.
-pub fn parse_cargo_out(
-    cargo_out_path: impl AsRef<Path>,
-    cargo_metadata_path: impl AsRef<Path>,
-) -> Result<Vec<Crate>> {
-    let cargo_out = read_to_string(cargo_out_path).context("failed to read cargo.out")?;
-    let metadata = serde_json::from_reader(
-        File::open(cargo_metadata_path).context("failed to open cargo.metadata")?,
+pub fn parse_cargo_out(cargo_output: &CargoOutput) -> Result<Vec<Crate>> {
+    let metadata = serde_json::from_str(&cargo_output.cargo_metadata)
+        .context("failed to parse cargo metadata")?;
+    parse_cargo_out_str(
+        &cargo_output.cargo_out,
+        &metadata,
+        env::current_dir().unwrap().canonicalize().unwrap(),
     )
-    .context("failed to parse cargo.metadata")?;
-    parse_cargo_out_str(&cargo_out, &metadata, env::current_dir().unwrap().canonicalize().unwrap())
 }
 
 /// Parses the given `cargo.out` and `cargo.metadata` file contents and generates a list of crates
diff --git a/tools/cargo_embargo/src/cargo/metadata.rs b/tools/cargo_embargo/src/cargo/metadata.rs
index d9a0c33e5..5c7315d19 100644
--- a/tools/cargo_embargo/src/cargo/metadata.rs
+++ b/tools/cargo_embargo/src/cargo/metadata.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ use crate::config::VariantConfig;
 use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context, Result};
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
-use std::fs::File;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
@@ -100,14 +99,9 @@ pub enum TargetKind {
     Test,
 }
 
-pub fn parse_cargo_metadata_file(
-    cargo_metadata_path: impl AsRef<Path>,
-    cfg: &VariantConfig,
-) -> Result<Vec<Crate>> {
-    let metadata: WorkspaceMetadata = serde_json::from_reader(
-        File::open(cargo_metadata_path).context("failed to open cargo.metadata")?,
-    )
-    .context("failed to parse cargo.metadata")?;
+pub fn parse_cargo_metadata_str(cargo_metadata: &str, cfg: &VariantConfig) -> Result<Vec<Crate>> {
+    let metadata =
+        serde_json::from_str(cargo_metadata).context("failed to parse cargo metadata")?;
     parse_cargo_metadata(&metadata, &cfg.features, cfg.tests)
 }
 
@@ -439,7 +433,13 @@ mod tests {
                 .variants
                 .iter()
                 .map(|variant_cfg| {
-                    parse_cargo_metadata_file(&cargo_metadata_path, variant_cfg).unwrap()
+                    parse_cargo_metadata_str(
+                        &read_to_string(&cargo_metadata_path)
+                            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to open {:?}", cargo_metadata_path))
+                            .unwrap(),
+                        variant_cfg,
+                    )
+                    .unwrap()
                 })
                 .collect::<Vec<_>>();
             assert_eq!(crates, expected_crates);
diff --git a/tools/cargo_embargo/src/main.rs b/tools/cargo_embargo/src/main.rs
index 14425150b..ec40d24a6 100644
--- a/tools/cargo_embargo/src/main.rs
+++ b/tools/cargo_embargo/src/main.rs
@@ -40,20 +40,23 @@ use anyhow::Context;
 use anyhow::Result;
 use bp::*;
 use cargo::{
-    cargo_out::parse_cargo_out, metadata::parse_cargo_metadata_file, Crate, CrateType, ExternType,
+    cargo_out::parse_cargo_out, metadata::parse_cargo_metadata_str, Crate, CrateType, ExternType,
 };
 use clap::Parser;
 use clap::Subcommand;
 use log::debug;
+use nix::fcntl::OFlag;
+use nix::unistd::pipe2;
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use std::env;
-use std::fs::{write, File};
-use std::io::Write;
+use std::fs::{read_to_string, write, File};
+use std::io::{Read, Write};
+use std::os::fd::{FromRawFd, OwnedFd};
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
-use std::process::Command;
+use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
 
 // Major TODOs
 //  * handle errors, esp. in cargo.out parsing. they should fail the program with an error code
@@ -286,15 +289,22 @@ fn make_crates(args: &Args, cfg: &VariantConfig) -> Result<Vec<Crate>> {
 
     let cargo_out_path = "cargo.out";
     let cargo_metadata_path = "cargo.metadata";
-    if !args.reuse_cargo_out || !Path::new(cargo_out_path).exists() {
-        generate_cargo_out(cfg, cargo_out_path, cargo_metadata_path)
-            .context("generate_cargo_out failed")?;
-    }
+    let cargo_output = if args.reuse_cargo_out && Path::new(cargo_out_path).exists() {
+        CargoOutput {
+            cargo_out: read_to_string(cargo_out_path)?,
+            cargo_metadata: read_to_string(cargo_metadata_path)?,
+        }
+    } else {
+        let cargo_output = generate_cargo_out(cfg).context("generate_cargo_out failed")?;
+        write(cargo_out_path, &cargo_output.cargo_out)?;
+        write(cargo_metadata_path, &cargo_output.cargo_metadata)?;
+        cargo_output
+    };
 
     if cfg.run_cargo {
-        parse_cargo_out(cargo_out_path, cargo_metadata_path).context("parse_cargo_out failed")
+        parse_cargo_out(&cargo_output).context("parse_cargo_out failed")
     } else {
-        parse_cargo_metadata_file(cargo_metadata_path, cfg)
+        parse_cargo_metadata_str(&cargo_output.cargo_metadata, cfg)
     }
 }
 
@@ -375,32 +385,54 @@ fn write_all_bp(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn run_cargo(cargo_out: &mut File, cmd: &mut Command) -> Result<()> {
-    use std::os::unix::io::OwnedFd;
-    use std::process::Stdio;
-    let fd: OwnedFd = cargo_out.try_clone()?.into();
+/// Runs the given command, and returns its standard output and standard error as a string.
+fn run_cargo(cmd: &mut Command) -> Result<String> {
+    let (pipe_read, pipe_write) = pipe()?;
+    cmd.stdout(pipe_write.try_clone()?).stderr(pipe_write).stdin(Stdio::null());
     debug!("Running: {:?}\n", cmd);
-    let output = cmd.stdout(Stdio::from(fd.try_clone()?)).stderr(Stdio::from(fd)).output()?;
-    if !output.status.success() {
-        bail!("cargo command failed with exit status: {:?}", output.status);
+    let mut child = cmd.spawn()?;
+
+    // Unset the stdout and stderr for the command so that they are dropped in this process.
+    // Otherwise the `read_to_string` below will block forever as there is still an open write file
+    // descriptor for the pipe even after the child finishes.
+    cmd.stderr(Stdio::null()).stdout(Stdio::null());
+
+    let mut output = String::new();
+    File::from(pipe_read).read_to_string(&mut output)?;
+    let status = child.wait()?;
+    if !status.success() {
+        bail!(
+            "cargo command `{:?}` failed with exit status: {:?}.\nOutput: \n------\n{}\n------",
+            cmd,
+            status,
+            output
+        );
     }
-    Ok(())
+
+    Ok(output)
 }
 
-/// Run various cargo commands and save the output to `cargo_out_path`.
-fn generate_cargo_out(
-    cfg: &VariantConfig,
-    cargo_out_path: &str,
-    cargo_metadata_path: &str,
-) -> Result<()> {
-    let mut cargo_out_file = std::fs::File::create(cargo_out_path)?;
-    let mut cargo_metadata_file = std::fs::File::create(cargo_metadata_path)?;
+/// Creates a new pipe and returns the file descriptors for each end of it.
+fn pipe() -> Result<(OwnedFd, OwnedFd), nix::Error> {
+    let (a, b) = pipe2(OFlag::O_CLOEXEC)?;
+    // SAFETY: We just created the file descriptors, so we own them.
+    unsafe { Ok((OwnedFd::from_raw_fd(a), OwnedFd::from_raw_fd(b))) }
+}
 
+/// The raw output from running `cargo metadata`, `cargo build` and other commands.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct CargoOutput {
+    cargo_metadata: String,
+    cargo_out: String,
+}
+
+/// Run various cargo commands and returns the output.
+fn generate_cargo_out(cfg: &VariantConfig) -> Result<CargoOutput> {
     let verbose_args = ["-v"];
     let target_dir_args = ["--target-dir", "target.tmp"];
 
     // cargo clean
-    run_cargo(&mut cargo_out_file, Command::new("cargo").arg("clean").args(target_dir_args))
+    run_cargo(Command::new("cargo").arg("clean").args(target_dir_args))
         .context("Running cargo clean")?;
 
     let default_target = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu";
@@ -428,8 +460,7 @@ fn generate_cargo_out(
     };
 
     // cargo metadata
-    run_cargo(
-        &mut cargo_metadata_file,
+    let cargo_metadata = run_cargo(
         Command::new("cargo")
             .arg("metadata")
             .arg("-q") // don't output warnings to stderr
@@ -439,10 +470,10 @@ fn generate_cargo_out(
     )
     .context("Running cargo metadata")?;
 
+    let mut cargo_out = String::new();
     if cfg.run_cargo {
         // cargo build
-        run_cargo(
-            &mut cargo_out_file,
+        cargo_out += &run_cargo(
             Command::new("cargo")
                 .args(["build", "--target", default_target])
                 .args(verbose_args)
@@ -453,8 +484,7 @@ fn generate_cargo_out(
 
         if cfg.tests {
             // cargo build --tests
-            run_cargo(
-                &mut cargo_out_file,
+            cargo_out += &run_cargo(
                 Command::new("cargo")
                     .args(["build", "--target", default_target, "--tests"])
                     .args(verbose_args)
@@ -463,8 +493,7 @@ fn generate_cargo_out(
                     .args(&feature_args),
             )?;
             // cargo test -- --list
-            run_cargo(
-                &mut cargo_out_file,
+            cargo_out += &run_cargo(
                 Command::new("cargo")
                     .args(["test", "--target", default_target])
                     .args(target_dir_args)
@@ -475,7 +504,7 @@ fn generate_cargo_out(
         }
     }
 
-    Ok(())
+    Ok(CargoOutput { cargo_metadata, cargo_out })
 }
 
 /// Create the Android.bp file for `package_dir`.