diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'en/devices')
| -rw-r--r-- | en/devices/architecture/hidl/services.html | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | en/devices/architecture/vndk/build-system.html | 703 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | en/devices/tech/connect/carrier-wifi.md | 20 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | en/devices/tech/debug/gdb.html | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | en/devices/tech/debug/index.html | 158 |
5 files changed, 531 insertions, 365 deletions
diff --git a/en/devices/architecture/hidl/services.html b/en/devices/architecture/hidl/services.html index 1d2deccb..c7ddd8f6 100644 --- a/en/devices/architecture/hidl/services.html +++ b/en/devices/architecture/hidl/services.html @@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ version, calling <code>getService</code> on the desired HAL class:</p> sp<V1_1::IFooService> service = V1_1::IFooService::getService(); sp<V1_1::IFooService> alternateService = V1_1::IFooService::getService("another_foo_service"); // Java -V1_1.IFooService; service = V1_1.IFooService.getService(true /* retry */); -V1_1.IFooService; alternateService = V1_1.IFooService.getService("another", true /* retry */); +V1_1.IFooService service = V1_1.IFooService.getService(true /* retry */); +V1_1.IFooService alternateService = V1_1.IFooService.getService("another", true /* retry */); </pre> <p>Each version of a HIDL interface is treated as a separate interface. Thus, diff --git a/en/devices/architecture/vndk/build-system.html b/en/devices/architecture/vndk/build-system.html index 6c4acf64..72737be6 100644 --- a/en/devices/architecture/vndk/build-system.html +++ b/en/devices/architecture/vndk/build-system.html @@ -22,299 +22,288 @@ --> -<p>The build system comes with built-in VNDK support in Android 8.1. If the -VNDK support is enabled, the build system checks the dependencies between -modules, builds a vendor-specific variant for vendor modules, and automatically -installs those modules into designated directories.</p> - -<p>The following example illustrates the basic concepts:</p> - -<p><img src="../images/treble_vndk_androidbp.png" alt="libexample with vendor_available:true and vndk.enabled:true" /></p> -<figcaption><strong>Figure 1.</strong> VNDK support enable.</figcaption> - -<p>The <code>Android.bp</code> module definition defines a -library named <code>libexample</code>. The <code>vendor_available</code> -property means that both framework modules and vendor modules may depend on -<code>libexample</code>. In this example, both the framework executable -<code>/system/bin/foo</code> and the vendor executable -<code>/vendor/bin/bar</code> depend on <code>libexample</code> and have -<code>libexample</code> in their <code>shared_libs</code> properties.</p> - -<p>If <code>libexample</code> is used by both framework modules and vendor -modules, two variants of <code>libexample</code> are built. The core -variant (named after <code>libexample</code>) is used by framework modules -and the vendor variant (named after <code>libexample.vendor</code>) is -used by vendor modules.</p> - -<p>Two variants are installed into different directories. The core variant -is installed into <code>/system/lib[64]/libexample.so</code>. The vendor -variant is installed into <code>/system/lib[64]/vndk/libexample.so</code> -because <code>vndk.enabled</code> is <code>true</code>.</p> - -<p>For more details, see -<a href="#module-definition">Module definition</a>.</p> - - +<p> + In Android 8.1 and higher, the build system has built-in VNDK support. When + VNDK support is enabled, the build system checks the dependencies between + modules, builds a vendor-specific variant for vendor modules, and + automatically installs those modules into designated directories. +</p> + +<h2 id=vndk-build-support-example>VNDK build support example</h2> + +<p> + In this example, the <code>Android.bp</code> module definition defines a + library named <code>libexample</code>. The <code>vendor_available</code> + property indicates framework modules and vendor modules may depend on + <code>libexample</code>: +</p> + +<p> + <img src="../images/treble_vndk_androidbp.png" alt="libexample vendor_available:true and vndk.enabled:true" /> +</p> +<figcaption> + <strong>Figure 1.</strong> VNDK support enabled +</figcaption> + +<p> + Both the framework executable <code>/system/bin/foo</code> and the vendor + executable <code>/vendor/bin/bar</code> depend on <code>libexample</code> and + have <code>libexample</code> in their <code>shared_libs</code> properties. +</p> + +<p> + If <code>libexample</code> is used by both framework modules and vendor + modules, two variants of <code>libexample</code> are built. The core variant + (named after <code>libexample</code>) is used by framework modules and the + vendor variant (named after <code>libexample.vendor</code>) is used by vendor + modules. The two variants are installed into different directories: +</p> +<ul> + <li>The core variant is installed into + <code>/system/lib[64]/libexample.so</code>.</li> + <li>The vendor variant is installed into + <code>/system/lib[64]/vndk/libexample.so</code> because + <code>vndk.enabled</code> is <code>true</code>.</li> +</ul> +<p> + For more details, see <a href="#module-definition">Module definition</a>. +</p> -<h2 id="configuration">Configuration</h2> +<h2 id="configuring-build-support">Configuring build support</h2> -<p>To enable full build system support for a product device, add -<code>BOARD_VNDK_VERSION</code> to <code>BoardConfig.mk</code>:</p> +<p> + To enable full build system support for a product device, add + <code>BOARD_VNDK_VERSION</code> to <code>BoardConfig.mk</code>: +</p> <pre class="prettyprint">BOARD_VNDK_VERSION := current</pre> - - -<h3 id="migration-notes">Migration notes</h3> - -<p>Adding <code>BOARD_VNDK_VERSION</code> to <code>BoardConfig.mk</code> has a -global effect. When defined in <code>BoardConfig.mk</code>, all -modules are checked. There is no mechanism to blacklist or whitelist an -offending module. The practice is to add <code>BOARD_VNDK_VERSION</code> after -cleaning all unnecessary dependencies.</p> - -<p>During a migration process, you can test and compile a module by setting -<code>BOARD_VNDK_VERSION</code> in your environment variables:</p> +<p> + This setting has a <strong>global</strong> effect: When defined in + <code>BoardConfig.mk</code>, all modules are checked. As there is no mechanism + to blacklist or whitelist an offending module, you should clean all + unnecessary dependencies before adding <code>BOARD_VNDK_VERSION</code>. You + can test and compile a module by setting <code>BOARD_VNDK_VERSION</code> in + your environment variables: +</p> <pre class="prettyprint">$ BOARD_VNDK_VERSION=current m module_name.vendor</pre> -<p>Yet another side effect is the removal of <em>default global header search -paths</em>. If <code>BOARD_VNDK_VERSION</code> is enabled, the following -default header search paths are not added by default:</p> +<p>When <code>BOARD_VNDK_VERSION</code> is enabled, several default global + header search paths are <em>removed</em>. These include: +</p> <ul> - <li>frameworks/av/include</li> - <li>frameworks/native/include</li> - <li>frameworks/native/opengl/include</li> - <li>hardware/libhardware/include</li> - <li>hardware/libhardware_legacy/include</li> - <li>hardware/ril/include</li> - <li>libnativehelper/include</li> - <li>libnativehelper/include_deprecated</li> - <li>system/core/include</li> - <li>system/media/audio/include</li> + <li><code>frameworks/av/include</code></li> + <li><code>frameworks/native/include</code></li> + <li><code>frameworks/native/opengl/include</code></li> + <li><code>hardware/libhardware/include</code></li> + <li><code>hardware/libhardware_legacy/include</code></li> + <li><code>hardware/ril/include</code></li> + <li><code>libnativehelper/include</code></li> + <li><code>libnativehelper/include_deprecated</code></li> + <li><code>system/core/include</code></li> + <li><code>system/media/audio/include</code></li> </ul> -<p>If a module depends on the headers from these directories, its author must -explicitly specify the dependencies with <code>header_libs</code>, -<code>static_libs</code>, and/or <code>shared_libs</code>.</p> - - - - +<p> + If a module depends on the headers from these directories, you must specify + (explicitly) the dependencies with <code>header_libs</code>, + <code>static_libs</code>, and/or <code>shared_libs</code>. +</p> <h2 id="module-definition">Module definition</h2> -<p>To build Android with <code>BOARD_VNDK_VERSION</code>, developers must -revise their module definition in either <code>Android.mk</code> or -<code>Android.bp</code>. This subsection describes different kinds of module -definitions, several VNDK-related module properties, and the dependency checks -implemented in the build system.</p> - - +<p> + To build Android with <code>BOARD_VNDK_VERSION</code>, you must revise the + module definition in either <code>Android.mk</code> or + <code>Android.bp</code>. This section describes different kinds of module + definitions, several VNDK-related module properties, and dependency checks + implemented in the build system. +</p> <h3 id="vendor-modules">Vendor modules</h3> -<p>Vendor modules are vendor-specific executables or shared libraries that -must be installed into a vendor partition. In <code>Android.bp</code> files, -vendor modules must set vendor or proprietary property to <code>true</code>. In -<code>Android.mk</code> files, vendor modules must set -<code>LOCAL_VENDOR_MODULE</code> or <code>LOCAL_PROPRIETARY_MODULE</code> to -<code>true</code>.</p> +<p> + Vendor modules are vendor-specific executables or shared libraries that + must be installed into a vendor partition. In <code>Android.bp</code> files, + vendor modules must set vendor or proprietary property to <code>true</code>. + In <code>Android.mk</code> files, vendor modules must set + <code>LOCAL_VENDOR_MODULE</code> or <code>LOCAL_PROPRIETARY_MODULE</code> to + <code>true</code>. +</p> -<p>If <code>BOARD_VNDK_VERSION</code> is defined, the build system -disallows the dependencies between vendor modules and framework modules. The -build system emits errors if:</p> +<p> + If <code>BOARD_VNDK_VERSION</code> is defined, the build system disallows + dependencies between vendor modules and framework modules and emits errors if: +</p> <ul> <li>a module without <code>vendor:true</code> depends on a module with <code>vendor:true</code>, or</li> - <li>a module with <code>vendor:true</code> depends on a non-<code>llndk_library</code> module that has neither <code>vendor:true</code> nor <code>vendor_available:true</code>.</li> </ul> -<p>The aforementioned dependency check applies to <code>header_libs</code>, -<code>static_libs</code>, and <code>shared_libs</code> in -<code>Android.bp</code>. It also applies to -<code>LOCAL_HEADER_LIBRARIES</code>, <code>LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES</code> and -<code>LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES</code> in <code>Android.mk</code>.</p> - - +<p> + The dependency check applies to <code>header_libs</code>, + <code>static_libs</code>, and <code>shared_libs</code> in + <code>Android.bp</code>, and to <code>LOCAL_HEADER_LIBRARIES</code>, + <code>LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES</code> and <code>LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES</code> in + <code>Android.mk</code>. +</p> <h3 id="ll-ndk">LL-NDK</h3> -<p>LL-NDK shared libraries are shared libraries with stable ABIs. Both -framework and vendor modules share the same and the latest implementation. For -each LL-NDK shared library, there is an <code>llndk_library</code> module definition in -an <code>Android.bp</code> file:</p> +<p> + LL-NDK shared libraries are shared libraries with stable ABIs. Both framework + and vendor modules share the same and the latest implementation. For each + LL-NDK shared library, <code>Android.bp</code> contains a + <code>llndk_library</code> module definition: +</p> -<pre class="prettyprint">llndk_library { +<pre class="prettyprint"> +llndk_library { name: "libvndksupport", symbol_file: "libvndksupport.map.txt", -}</pre> +} +</pre> -<p>This module definition specifies a module name and a symbol file, which -describes the symbols that should be visible to vendor modules. For -example:</p> +<p> + This module definition specifies a module name and a symbol file that + describes the symbols visible to vendor modules. For example: +</p> -<pre class="prettyprint">LIBVNDKSUPPORT { +<pre class="prettyprint"> +LIBVNDKSUPPORT { global: android_load_sphal_library; # vndk android_unload_sphal_library; # vndk local: *; -};</pre> - -<p>Based on the symbol file, the build system generates a stub shared -library for vendor modules. Vendor modules link with these stub -shared libraries if <code>BOARD_VNDK_VERSION</code> is enabled.</p> +}; +</pre> -<p>A symbol is included in the stub shared library only if:</p> +<p> + Based on the symbol file, the build system generates a stub shared library for + vendor modules, which link with these libraries when + <code>BOARD_VNDK_VERSION</code> is enabled. A symbol is included in the stub + shared library only if it: +</p> <ul> - <li>it is not defined in the section end with <code>_PRIVATE</code> or + <li>Is not defined in the section end with <code>_PRIVATE</code> or <code>_PLATFORM</code>,</li> - - <li>it does not have <code>#platform-only</code> tag, and</li> - - <li>it does not have <code>#introduce*</code> tags or the tag matches with the + <li>Does not have <code>#platform-only</code> tag, and</li> + <li>Does not have <code>#introduce*</code> tags or the tag matches with the target.</li> </ul> -<aside class="note"><strong>Note</strong>: Vendors must not define their own LL-NDK -shared libraries because vendor modules won't be able to find them in -<em>Generic System Image (GSI)</em>.</aside> - - +<aside class="note"> + <strong>Note</strong>: Vendors must not define their own LL-NDK shared + libraries because vendor modules won't be able to find them in + <a href="/setup/build/gsi">Generic System Image (GSI)</a>. +</aside> <h3 id="vndk">VNDK</h3> -<p>In <code>Android.bp</code> files, <code>cc_library</code>, -<code>cc_library_static</code>, <code>cc_library_shared</code>, and -<code>cc_library_headers</code> module definitions support three VNDK-related -properties: <code>vendor_available</code>, <code>vndk.enabled</code>, and -<code>vndk.support_system_process</code>.</p> - -<p>If <code>vendor_available</code> or <code>vndk.enabled</code> is -<code>true</code>, two variants (<em>core</em> and <em>vendor</em>) may be -built. The core variant should be treated as a framework module and the vendor -variant should be treated as a vendor module. If some framework modules depend -on this module, the core variant is built. If some vendor modules -depend on this module, the vendor variant is built.</p> - -<p>The build system enforces these dependency checks:</p> +<p> + In <code>Android.bp</code> files, <code>cc_library</code>, + <code>cc_library_static</code>, <code>cc_library_shared</code>, and + <code>cc_library_headers</code> module definitions support three VNDK-related + properties: <code>vendor_available</code>, <code>vndk.enabled</code>, and + <code>vndk.support_system_process</code>. +</p> + +<p> + If <code>vendor_available</code> or <code>vndk.enabled</code> is + <code>true</code>, two variants (<em>core</em> and <em>vendor</em>) may be + built. The core variant should be treated as a framework module and the vendor + variant should be treated as a vendor module. If some framework modules depend + on this module, the core variant is built. If some vendor modules + depend on this module, the vendor variant is built. The build system enforces + the following dependency checks: +</p> <ul> <li>The core variant is always framework-only and inaccessible to vendor modules.</li> - <li>The vendor variant is always inaccessible to framework modules.</li> - <li>All dependencies of the vendor variant, which are specified in <code>header_libs</code>, <code>static_libs</code>, and/or <code>shared_libs</code>, must be either an <code>llndk_library</code> or a module with <code>vendor_available</code> or <code>vndk.enabled</code>.</li> - <li>If <code>vendor_available</code> is <code>true</code>, the vendor variant is accessible to all vendor modules.</li> - <li>If <code>vendor_available</code> is <code>false</code>, the vendor variant is accessible only to other VNDK or VNDK-SP modules (i.e., modules with <code>vendor:true</code> cannot link <code>vendor_available:false</code> modules).</li> </ul> -<p>The default installation path for <code>cc_library</code> or -<code>cc_library_shared</code> is determined by the following rules:</p> +<p> + The default installation path for <code>cc_library</code> or + <code>cc_library_shared</code> is determined by the following rules: +</p> <ul> - <li> - The core variant is installed to <code>/system/lib[64]</code>. - </li> - - <li> - The vendor variant installation path may vary: - + <li>The core variant is installed to <code>/system/lib[64]</code>.</li> + <li>The vendor variant installation path may vary: <ul> - <li> - If <code>vndk.enabled</code> is <code>false</code>, the vendor - variant is installed into <code>/vendor/lib[64]</code>. - </li> - - <li> - If <code>vndk.enabled</code> is <code>true</code>, + <li>If <code>vndk.enabled</code> is <code>false</code>, the vendor variant + is installed into <code>/vendor/lib[64]</code>.</li> + <li>If <code>vndk.enabled</code> is <code>true</code>, <code>vndk.support_system_process</code> can be either <code>true</code> or - <code>false</code>. - - <ul> - <li> - If <code>vndk.support_system_process</code> is <code>false</code>, - the vendor variant is installed into - <code>/system/lib[64]/vndk-${VER}</code>. - </li> - - <li> - Conversely, the vendor variant is installed to - <code>/system/lib[64]/vndk-sp-${VER}</code>. - </li> + <code>false</code>. If: + <ul> + <li><code>false</code>, the vendor variant is installed into + <code>/system/lib[64]/vndk-${VER}</code>.</li> + <li><code>true</code>, the vendor variant is installed to + <code>/system/lib[64]/vndk-sp-${VER}</code>.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> -<p>The table below summarizes how the build system handles the vendor -variants:</p> - - +<p> + The table below summarizes how the build system handles the vendor variants: +</p> <table> <tr> - <th rowspan="2"><p><code>vendor_available</code></p></th> - <th colspan="2"><p><code>vndk</code></p></th> - <th rowspan="2"><p><code>Vendor variant descriptions</code></p></th> + <th>vendor_available</th> + <th style="text-align: center">vndk<br>enabled</th> + <th style="text-align: center">vndk<br>support_same_process</th> + <th>Vendor variant descriptions</th> </tr> <tr> - <th><p><code>enabled</code></p></th> - <th><p><code>support_same_process</code></p></th> + <td rowspan="4"><code>true</code></td> + <td rowspan="2"><code>false</code></td> + <td><code>false</code></td> + <td>The vendor variants are <em>VND-ONLY</em>. Shared libraries are + installed into <code>/vendor/lib[64]</code>.</td> </tr> <tr> - <td rowspan="4"><p><code>true</code></p></td> - <td rowspan="2"><p><code>false</code></p></td> - <td><p><code>false</code></p></td> - <td> - <p>The vendor variants are <em>VND-ONLY</em></p> - <p>Shared libraries are installed into <code>/vendor/lib[64]</code>.</p> - </td> + <td><code>true</code></td> + <td><em>Invalid</em> (Build error)</td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p><code>true</code></p></td> - <td><p><em>Invalid</em> (Build error)</p></td> + <td rowspan="2"><code>true</code></td> + <td><code>false</code></td> + <td>The vendor variants are <em>VNDK</em>. Shared libraries are installed + to <code>/system/lib[64]/vndk-${VER}</code>.</td> </tr> <tr> - <td rowspan="2"><p><code>true</code></p></td> - <td><p><code>false</code></p></td> - <td> - <p>The vendor variants are <em>VNDK</em>.</p> - <p>Shared libraries are installed to - <code>/system/lib[64]/vndk-${VER}</code>.</p> - </td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td><p><code>true</code></p></td> - <td> - <p>The vendor variants are <em>VNDK-SP</em>.</p> - <p>Shared libraries are installed to - <code>/system/lib[64]/vndk-sp-${VER}</code>.</p> - </td> + <td><code>true</code></td> + <td>The vendor variants are <em>VNDK-SP</em>. Shared libraries are + installed to <code>/system/lib[64]/vndk-sp-${VER}</code>.</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -325,51 +314,48 @@ variants:</p> </tr> <tr> - <td><p><code>true</code></p></td> - <td><p><em>Invalid</em> (Build error)</p></td> + <td><code>true</code></td> + <td><em>Invalid</em> (Build error)</td> </tr> <tr> - <td rowspan="2"><p><code>true</code></p></td> - <td><p><code>false</code></p></td> - <td> - <p>The vendor variants are <em>VNDK-Private</em>.</p> - <p>Shared libraries are installed to - <code>/system/lib[64]/vndk-${VER}</code>.</p> - <p>These must not be directly used by vendor modules.</p> - </td> + <td rowspan="2"><code>true</code></td> + <td><code>false</code></td> + <td>The vendor variants are <em>VNDK-Private</em>. Shared libraries are + installed to <code>/system/lib[64]/vndk-${VER}</code>.These must not be + directly used by vendor modules.</td> </tr> <tr> - <td><p><code>true</code></p></td> - <td> - <p>The vendor variants are <em>VNDK-SP-Private</em>.</p> - <p>Shared libraries are installed to - <code>/system/lib[64]/vndk-sp-${VER}</code>.</p> - <p>These must not be directly used by vendor modules.</p> - </td> + <td><code>true</code></td> + <td>The vendor variants are <em>VNDK-SP-Private</em>. Shared libraries are + installed to <code>/system/lib[64]/vndk-sp-${VER}</code>. These must not be + directly used by vendor modules.</td> </tr> </table> -<aside class="note"><strong>Note</strong>: Vendors may set -<code>vendor_available</code> to their modules. However, vendors must not set -<code>vndk.enabled</code> nor <code>vndk.support_system_process</code> because -vendor modules won't be able to find them in GSI.</aside> - - +<aside class="note"> + <strong>Note</strong>: Vendors may set <code>vendor_available</code> to their + modules but must not set <code>vndk.enabled</code> or + <code>vndk.support_system_process</code> because the modules won't be able + to find them in the <a href="/setup/build/gsi">Generic System Image (GSI)</a>. +</aside> <h3 id="vndk-extensions">VNDK extensions</h3> -<p>VNDK extensions are VNDK shared libraries with additional APIs. VNDK -extensions are installed to <code>/vendor/lib[64]/vndk[-sp]</code> (without -version suffix) and override the original VNDK shared libraries at runtime.</p> - +<p> + VNDK extensions are VNDK shared libraries with additional APIs. Extensions are + installed to <code>/vendor/lib[64]/vndk[-sp]</code> (without version suffix) + and override the original VNDK shared libraries at runtime. +</p> <h4 id="defining-vndk-extensions">Defining VNDK extensions</h4> -<p>In Android P, <code>Android.bp</code> natively supports VNDK extensions. To -build a VNDK extension, define another module with a <code>vendor:true</code> -and an <code>extends</code> property:</p> +<p> + In Android 9 and higher, <code>Android.bp</code> natively supports VNDK + extensions. To build a VNDK extension, define another module with a + <code>vendor:true</code> and an <code>extends</code> property: +</p> <pre class="prettyprint"> cc_library { @@ -390,28 +376,28 @@ cc_library { } </pre> -<p>A module with <code>vendor:true</code>, <code>vndk.enabled:true</code>, and -<code>extends</code> properties defines VNDK extension:</p> +<p> + A module with <code>vendor:true</code>, <code>vndk.enabled:true</code>, and + <code>extends</code> properties defines the VNDK extension:</p> <ul> <li>The <code>extends</code> property must specify a base VNDK shared library - name (or VNDK-SP shared library name).</li> - - <li>VNDK extensions (or VNDK-SP extensions) are named after the base module - names from which they extend. For example, the output binary of <code>libvndk_ext</code> - is <code>libvndk.so</code> instead of <code>libvndk_ext.so</code>.</li> - - <li>VNDK extensions are installed into <code>/vendor/lib[64]/vndk</code>.</li> - - <li>VNDK-SP extensions are installed into - <code>/vendor/lib[64]/vndk-sp</code>.</li> - - <li>The base shared libraries must have both <code>vndk.enabled:true</code> and - <code>vendor_available:true</code>.</li> + name (or VNDK-SP shared library name).</li> + <li>VNDK extensions (or VNDK-SP extensions) are named after the base module + names from which they extend. For example, the output binary of + <code>libvndk_ext</code> is <code>libvndk.so</code> instead of + <code>libvndk_ext.so</code>.</li> + <li>VNDK extensions are installed into <code>/vendor/lib[64]/vndk</code>.</li> + <li>VNDK-SP extensions are installed into + <code>/vendor/lib[64]/vndk-sp</code>.</li> + <li>The base shared libraries must have both <code>vndk.enabled:true</code> + and <code>vendor_available:true</code>.</li> </ul> -<p>A VNDK-SP extension must extend from a VNDK-SP shared library. In other -words, <code>vndk.support_system_process</code> must be equal:</p> +<p> + A VNDK-SP extension must extend from a VNDK-SP shared library + (<code>vndk.support_system_process</code> must be equal): +</p> <pre class="prettyprint"> cc_library { @@ -434,8 +420,10 @@ cc_library { } </pre> -<p>VNDK extensions (or VNDK-SP extensions) may depend on other vendor shared -libraries:</p> +<p> + VNDK extensions (or VNDK-SP extensions) may depend on other vendor shared + libraries: +</p> <pre class="prettyprint"> cc_library { @@ -464,16 +452,19 @@ cc_library { } </pre> -<aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Similar to SP-HAL-Dep, VNDK-SP -extensions and their dependencies (including vendor libraries) must be labeled -as <code>same_process_hal_file</code> in sepolicy.</aside> - +<aside class="note"> + <strong>Note:</strong> Similar to SP-HAL-Dep, VNDK-SP extensions and their + dependencies (including vendor libraries) must be labeled as + <code>same_process_hal_file</code> in sepolicy. +</aside> <h4 id="using-vndk-extensions">Using VNDK extensions</h4> -<p>If a vendor module depends on some additional APIs defined by VNDK -extensions, it must specify the name of the VNDK extension in its -<code>shared_libs</code> property:</p> +<p> + If a vendor module depends on additional APIs defined by VNDK extensions, the + module must specify the name of the VNDK extension in its + <code>shared_libs</code> property: +</p> <pre class="prettyprint"> // A vendor shared library example @@ -495,33 +486,40 @@ cc_binary { } </pre> -<p>If a vendor module depends on some VNDK extensions, those VNDK extensions -will be installed to <code>/vendor/lib[64]/vndk[-sp]</code> automatically.</p> - -<p>If a module no longer depends on a VNDK extension, add a clean step to -<code>CleanSpec.mk</code> to remove the shared library. For example:</p> +<p> + If a vendor module depends on VNDK extensions, those VNDK extensions are + installed to <code>/vendor/lib[64]/vndk[-sp]</code> automatically. If a module + no longer depends on a VNDK extension, add a clean step to + <code>CleanSpec.mk</code> to remove the shared library. For example: +</p> <pre class="prettyprint"> $(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(TARGET_OUT_VENDOR)/lib/libvndk.so) </pre> - - <h3 id="conditional-compilation">Conditional compilation</h3> -<p>This subsection describes how to deal with the <em>subtle differences</em> -(e.g. adding or removing a feature from one of the variants) between three VNDK -shared libraries: (1) the core variant (e.g. -<code>/system/lib[64]/libexample.so</code>), (2) the vendor variant (e.g. -<code>/system/lib[64]/vndk[-sp]-${VER}/libexample.so</code>), and (3) the VNDK -extension (e.g. <code>/vendor/lib[64]/vndk[-sp]/libexample.so</code>). +<p> + This section describes how to deal with the <em>subtle differences</em> (e.g. + adding or removing a feature from one of the variants) between the following + three VNDK shared libraries: +</p> +<ul> + <li>core variant (e.g. <code>/system/lib[64]/libexample.so</code>)</li> + <li>vendor variant (e.g. + <code>/system/lib[64]/vndk[-sp]-${VER}/libexample.so</code>)</li> + <li>VNDK extension (e.g. <code>/vendor/lib[64]/vndk[-sp]/libexample.so</code>) + </li> +</ul> <h4 id="conditional-cflags">Conditional compiler flags</h4> -<p>The Android build system defines <code>__ANDROID_VNDK__</code> for -vendor variants (including VNDK extensions) by default. You may guard the code -with the C preprocessor guards:</p> +<p> + The Android build system defines <code>__ANDROID_VNDK__</code> for vendor + variants (including VNDK extensions) by default. You may guard the code + with the C preprocessor guards: +</p> <pre class="prettyprint"> void all() { } @@ -535,12 +533,14 @@ void vndk_only() { } #endif </pre> -<p>In addition to <code>__ANDROID_VNDK__</code>, different <code>cflags</code> -or <code>cppflags</code> may be specified in <code>Android.bp</code>. The -<code>cflags</code> or <code>cppflags</code> specified in -<code>target.vendor</code> is specific to the vendor variant. For example, the -code below is the <code>Android.bp</code> module definition for -<code>libexample</code> and <code>libexample_ext</code>:</p> +<p> + In addition to <code>__ANDROID_VNDK__</code>, different <code>cflags</code> or + <code>cppflags</code> may be specified in <code>Android.bp</code>. The + <code>cflags</code> or <code>cppflags</code> specified in + <code>target.vendor</code> is specific to the vendor variant. For example, the + following code example is the <code>Android.bp</code> module definition for + <code>libexample</code> and <code>libexample_ext</code>: +</p> <pre class="prettyprint"> cc_library { @@ -572,7 +572,9 @@ cc_library { } </pre> -<p>The code listing of <code>example.c</code>:</p> +<p> + Code listing of <code>example.c</code>: +</p> <pre class="prettyprint"> void all() { } @@ -590,7 +592,9 @@ void vndk_ext() { } #endif </pre> -<p>And the exported symbols for each variant will be:</p> +<p> + Exported symbols for each variant: +</p> <table> <tr> @@ -614,30 +618,29 @@ void vndk_ext() { } </tr> </table> -<!-- TODO: The paragraph below looks awkward. Refine this subsection to make -this more fluent. --> - -<p>The VNDK ABI compliance checker compares the ABI of VNDK and VNDK -extensions to the ABI dumps under <code>prebuilts/abi-dumps/vndk</code>:</p> +<p> + The VNDK ABI compliance checker compares the ABI of VNDK and VNDK + extensions to the ABI dumps under <code>prebuilts/abi-dumps/vndk</code>: +</p> <ul> - <li>Symbols exported by original VNDK shared libraries must be identical to - (not the supersets of) the symbols defined in ABI dumps.</li> - - <li>Symbols exported by VNDK extensions must be supersets of the symbols - defined in ABI dumps.</li> + <li>Symbols exported by original VNDK shared libraries must be identical to + (not the supersets of) the symbols defined in ABI dumps.</li> + <li>Symbols exported by VNDK extensions must be supersets of the symbols + defined in ABI dumps.</li> </ul> +<h4 id="excluding">Excluding source files or shared libs</h4> -<h4 id="exclude-source-files-or-shared-libs">Exclude source files or shared -libs</h4> - -<p>To exclude source files from the vendor variant, add them to the -<code>exclude_srcs</code> property. Similarly, to ensure specific shared -libraries are not linked with the vendor variant, add them to the -<code>exclude_shared_libs</code> property. For example:</p> +<p> + To exclude source files from the vendor variant, add them to the + <code>exclude_srcs</code> property. Similarly, to ensure shared libraries are + not linked with the vendor variant, add those libraries to the + <code>exclude_shared_libs</code> property. For example: +</p> -<pre class="prettyprint">cc_library { +<pre class="prettyprint"> +cc_library { name: "libcond_exclude_example", srcs: ["fwk.c", "both.c"], shared_libs: ["libfwk_only", "libboth"], @@ -647,64 +650,70 @@ libraries are not linked with the vendor variant, add them to the exclude_shared_libs: ["libfwk_only"], }, }, -}</pre> - -<p>In this example, the core variant of <code>libcond_exclude_example</code> -includes the code from <code>fwk.c</code> and <code>both.c</code> and depends -on the shared libraries <code>libfwk_only</code> and <code>libboth</code>.</p> - -<p>On the other hand, the vendor variant of -<code>libcond_exclude_example</code> includes only the code from -<code>both.c</code> because <code>fwk.c</code> is excluded by the -<code>exclude_srcs</code> property. Similarly, -<code>libcond_exclude_example</code> depends only on the shared library -<code>libboth</code> because <code>libfwk_only</code> is excluded by -the</code><br/> <code>exclude_shared_libs</code> property. - - -<!-- <h4 id="vndk-ext-header-guideline">VNDK extension header guidelines</h4> --> - -<!-- TODO: Add the guide line for VNDK extension headers. --> - +} +</pre> +<p> + In this example, the core variant of <code>libcond_exclude_example</code> + includes the code from <code>fwk.c</code> and <code>both.c</code> and depends + on the shared libraries <code>libfwk_only</code> and <code>libboth</code>. The + vendor variant of <code>libcond_exclude_example</code> includes only the code + from <code>both.c</code> because <code>fwk.c</code> is excluded by the + <code>exclude_srcs</code> property. Similarly, + <code>libcond_exclude_example</code> depends only on the shared library + <code>libboth</code> because <code>libfwk_only</code> is excluded by the + <code>exclude_shared_libs</code> property. +</p> <h3 id="product-packages">Product packages</h3> -<p>In the Android build system, the variable <code>PRODUCT_PACKAGES</code> -specifies the executables, shared libraries, or packages that should be -installed into the device. The transitive dependencies of the specified modules -are implicitly installed into the device as well.</p> - -<p>If <code>BOARD_VNDK_VERSION</code> is enabled, modules with -<code>vendor_available</code> or <code>vndk.enabled</code> get special -treatments. If a framework module depends on a module with -<code>vendor_available</code> or <code>vndk.enabled</code>, the core -variant is included in the transitive installation set. Similarly, if a -vendor module depends on a module with <code>vendor_available</code> or -<code>vndk.enabled</code>, the vendor variant is included in the -transitive installation set.</p> - -<p>When the dependencies are invisible to the build system (e.g. shared -libraries that may be opened with <code>dlopen()</code> in runtime), you -should specify the module names in <code>PRODUCT_PACKAGES</code> to install -those modules explicitly.</p> - -<p>If a module has <code>vendor_available</code> or <code>vndk.enabled</code>, -the module name stands for its core variant. To explicitly specify the -vendor variant in <code>PRODUCT_PACKAGES</code>, append a <code>.vendor</code> -suffix to the module name. For example:</p> - -<pre class="prettyprint">cc_library { +<p> + In the Android build system, the variable <code>PRODUCT_PACKAGES</code> + specifies the executables, shared libraries, or packages that should be + installed into the device. The transitive dependencies of the specified + modules are implicitly installed into the device as well. +</p> + +<p> + If <code>BOARD_VNDK_VERSION</code> is enabled, modules with + <code>vendor_available</code> or <code>vndk.enabled</code> get special + treatment. If a framework module depends on a module with + <code>vendor_available</code> or <code>vndk.enabled</code>, the core variant + is included in the transitive installation set. Similarly, if a vendor module + depends on a module with <code>vendor_available</code> or + <code>vndk.enabled</code>, the vendor variant is included in the transitive + installation set. +</p> + +<p> + When the dependencies are invisible to the build system (e.g. shared libraries + that may be opened with <code>dlopen()</code> in runtime), you should specify + the module names in <code>PRODUCT_PACKAGES</code> to install those modules + explicitly. +</p> + +<p> + If a module has <code>vendor_available</code> or <code>vndk.enabled</code>, + the module name stands for its core variant. To explicitly specify the + vendor variant in <code>PRODUCT_PACKAGES</code>, append a <code>.vendor</code> + suffix to the module name. For example: +</p> + +<pre class="prettyprint"> +cc_library { name: "libexample", srcs: ["example.c"], vendor_available: true, -}</pre> +} +</pre> -<p>In this example, <code>libexample</code> stands for -<code>/system/lib[64]/libexample.so</code> and <code>libexample.vendor</code> -stands for <code>/vendor/lib[64]/libexample.so</code>. To install -<code>/vendor/lib[64]/libexample.so</code>, add <code>libexample.vendor</code> -to <code>PRODUCT_PACKAGES</code>:</p> +<p> + In this example, <code>libexample</code> stands for + <code>/system/lib[64]/libexample.so</code> and <code>libexample.vendor</code> + stands for <code>/vendor/lib[64]/libexample.so</code>. To install + <code>/vendor/lib[64]/libexample.so</code>, add <code>libexample.vendor</code> + to <code>PRODUCT_PACKAGES</code>: +</p> <pre class="prettyprint">PRODUCT_PACKAGES += libexample.vendor</pre> diff --git a/en/devices/tech/connect/carrier-wifi.md b/en/devices/tech/connect/carrier-wifi.md index eabe25e4..c775cbf8 100644 --- a/en/devices/tech/connect/carrier-wifi.md +++ b/en/devices/tech/connect/carrier-wifi.md @@ -34,17 +34,15 @@ Wi-Fi. ### Manufacturers -In the carrier config manager, configure the following parameters for each -carrier: - -+ [KEY_CARRIER_WIFI_STRING_ARRAY](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/master/telephony/java/android/telephony/CarrierConfigManager.java#1599): - Base64-encoded Wi-Fi SSID. -+ [IMSI_KEY_AVAILABILITY_INT](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/master/telephony/java/android/telephony/CarrierConfigManager.java#1830): - Identifies whether the key used for IMSI encryption is available for WLAN or - EPDG, or both. -+ [IMSI_KEY_DOWNLOAD_URL_STRING](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/master/telephony/java/android/telephony/CarrierConfigManager.java#1823): - URL from which the proto containing the public key of the carrier used for - IMSI encryption is downloaded. +In the carrier config manager, configure the following parameters, located in +[`CarrierConfigManager.java`](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/master/telephony/java/android/telephony/CarrierConfigManager.java), +for each carrier: + ++ `KEY_CARRIER_WIFI_STRING_ARRAY`: Base64-encoded Wi-Fi SSID. ++ `IMSI_KEY_AVAILABILITY_INT`: Identifies whether the key used for IMSI + encryption is available for WLAN or EPDG, or both. ++ `IMSI_KEY_DOWNLOAD_URL_STRING`: URL from which the proto containing the + public key of the carrier used for IMSI encryption is downloaded. ### Carriers diff --git a/en/devices/tech/debug/gdb.html b/en/devices/tech/debug/gdb.html index d021dae3..e2ff21d6 100644 --- a/en/devices/tech/debug/gdb.html +++ b/en/devices/tech/debug/gdb.html @@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ developers. For third-party app development, see <h2 id=running>Debugging running apps or processes</h2> <p>To connect to an already-running app or native daemon, use -<code>gdbclient</code> with a PID. For example, to debug the process with PID +<code>gdbclient.py</code> with a PID. For example, to debug the process with PID 1234, run:</p> <pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy"> -gdbclient 1234 +gdbclient.py -p 1234 </pre> <p>The script sets up port forwarding, starts the appropriate @@ -42,6 +42,9 @@ gdbclient 1234 the host, configures <code>gdb</code> to find symbols, and connects <code>gdb</code> to the remote <code>gdbserver</code>.</p> +<aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> in Android 6 and earlier the script was a shell script +called <code>gdbclient</code> instead of a Python script called <code>gdbclient.py</code>.</aside> + <h2 id=starts>Debugging native process startup</h2> <p>To debug a process as it starts, use <code>gdbserver</code> or @@ -61,7 +64,7 @@ Listening on port 5039 use it in another terminal window:</p> <pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy"> -gdbclient <var>APP_PID</var> +gdbclient.py -p <var>APP_PID</var> </pre> <p>Finally, enter <strong>continue</strong> at the <code>gdb</code> prompt.</p> @@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ attach <code>gdb</code>, set the appropriate property:</p> <p>At the end of the usual crash output, <code>debuggerd</code> provides instructions on how to connect <code>gdb</code> using the command: <pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy"> -gdbclient <var>PID</var> +gdbclient.py -p <var>PID</var> </pre> diff --git a/en/devices/tech/debug/index.html b/en/devices/tech/debug/index.html index 7d995454..204a851d 100644 --- a/en/devices/tech/debug/index.html +++ b/en/devices/tech/debug/index.html @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ then <code>stack</code> will be on your $PATH already so you don't need to give full path.</p> <pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy"> -development/tools/stack +development/scripts/stack </pre> <p>Example output (based on the logcat output above):</p> @@ -173,5 +173,161 @@ From the command line, invoke <code>debuggerd</code> using a process ID (PID) to full tombstone to <code>stdout</code>. To get just the stack for every thread in the process, include the <code>-b</code> or <code>--backtrace</code> flag.</p> +<h2 id="complex">Understanding a complex unwind</h2> + +<p>When an app crashes, the stack tends to be pretty complex. +The following detailed example highlights many of the complexities:</p> + +<pre class="devsite-click-to-copy"> + #00 pc 00000000007e6918 /system/priv-app/Velvet/Velvet.apk (offset 0x346b000) + #01 pc 00000000001845cc /system/priv-app/Velvet/Velvet.apk (offset 0x346b000) + #02 pc 00000000001847e4 /system/priv-app/Velvet/Velvet.apk (offset 0x346b000) + #03 pc 00000000001805c0 /system/priv-app/Velvet/Velvet.apk (offset 0x346b000) (Java_com_google_speech_recognizer_AbstractRecognizer_nativeRun+176) +</pre> + +<p>Frames #00-#03 are from native JNI code that was stored uncompressed in the APK to save disk +space rather than being extracted into a separate <code>.so</code> file. The stack unwinder in +Android 9 doesn’t need the extracted <code>.so</code> file to be able to cope with this common +Android-specific case.</p> + +<p>Frames #00-#02 don’t have symbol names because they were stripped by the developer.</p> + +<p>Frame #03 shows that where symbols are available, the unwinder uses them.</p> + +<pre class="devsite-click-to-copy"> + #04 pc 0000000000117550 /data/dalvik-cache/arm64/system@priv-app@Velvet@Velvet.apk@classes.dex (offset 0x108000) (com.google.speech.recognizer.AbstractRecognizer.nativeRun+160) +</pre> + +<p>Frame #04 is ahead-of-time compiled Java code. The old unwinder would have stopped here, unable +to unwind through Java.</p> + +<pre class="devsite-click-to-copy"> + #05 pc 0000000000559f88 /system/lib64/libart.so (art_quick_invoke_stub+584) + #06 pc 00000000000ced40 /system/lib64/libart.so (art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char const*)+200) + #07 pc 0000000000280cf0 /system/lib64/libart.so (art::interpreter::ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(art::Thread*, art::ArtMethod*, art::ShadowFrame*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+344) + #08 pc 000000000027acac /system/lib64/libart.so (bool art::interpreter::DoCall<false, false>(art::ArtMethod*, art::Thread*, art::ShadowFrame&, art::Instruction const*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+948) + #09 pc 000000000052abc0 /system/lib64/libart.so (MterpInvokeDirect+296) + #10 pc 000000000054c614 /system/lib64/libart.so (ExecuteMterpImpl+14484) +</pre> + +<p>Frames #05-#10 are from the ART interpreter implementation. +The stack unwinder in releases prior to Android 9 would have shown these frames without the context +of frame #11 explaining what code the interpreter was interpreting. These frames are useful if +you're debugging ART itself. If you're debugging an app, you can ignore them. Some tools, such as +<code>simpleperf</code>, will automatically omit these frames.</p> + +<pre class="devsite-click-to-copy"> + #11 pc 00000000001992d6 /system/priv-app/Velvet/Velvet.apk (offset 0x26cf000) (com.google.speech.recognizer.AbstractRecognizer.run+18) +</pre> + +<p>Frame #11 is the Java code being interpreted.</p> + +<pre class="devsite-click-to-copy"> + #12 pc 00000000002547a8 /system/lib64/libart.so (_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_6JValueEb.llvm.780698333+496) + #13 pc 000000000025a328 /system/lib64/libart.so (art::interpreter::ArtInterpreterToInterpreterBridge(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor const&, art::ShadowFrame*, art::JValue*)+216) + #14 pc 000000000027ac90 /system/lib64/libart.so (bool art::interpreter::DoCall<false, false>(art::ArtMethod*, art::Thread*, art::ShadowFrame&, art::Instruction const*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+920) + #15 pc 0000000000529880 /system/lib64/libart.so (MterpInvokeVirtual+584) + #16 pc 000000000054c514 /system/lib64/libart.so (ExecuteMterpImpl+14228) +</pre> + +<p>Frames #12-#16 are more of the interpreter implementation itself.</p> + +<pre class="devsite-click-to-copy"> + #17 pc 00000000002454a0 /system/priv-app/Velvet/Velvet.apk (offset 0x1322000) (com.google.android.apps.gsa.speech.e.c.c.call+28) +</pre> + +<p>Frame #17 is more Java code being interpreted. This Java method corresponds to interpreter frames #12-#16.</p> + +<pre class="devsite-click-to-copy"> + #18 pc 00000000002547a8 /system/lib64/libart.so (_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_6JValueEb.llvm.780698333+496) + #19 pc 0000000000519fd8 /system/lib64/libart.so (artQuickToInterpreterBridge+1032) + #20 pc 00000000005630fc /system/lib64/libart.so (art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge+92) +</pre> + +<p>Frames #18-#20 are more of the VM itself, code to transition from compiled Java code to interpreted Java code.</p> + +<pre class="devsite-click-to-copy"> + #21 pc 00000000002ce44c /system/framework/arm64/boot.oat (offset 0xdc000) (java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run+204) +</pre> + +<p>Frame #21 is the compiled Java method that calls the Java method in #17.</p> + +<pre class="devsite-click-to-copy"> + #22 pc 0000000000559f88 /system/lib64/libart.so (art_quick_invoke_stub+584) + #23 pc 00000000000ced40 /system/lib64/libart.so (art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char const*)+200) + #24 pc 0000000000280cf0 /system/lib64/libart.so (art::interpreter::ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(art::Thread*, art::ArtMethod*, art::ShadowFrame*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+344) + #25 pc 000000000027acac /system/lib64/libart.so (bool art::interpreter::DoCall<false, false>(art::ArtMethod*, art::Thread*, art::ShadowFrame&, art::Instruction const*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+948) + #26 pc 0000000000529880 /system/lib64/libart.so (MterpInvokeVirtual+584) + #27 pc 000000000054c514 /system/lib64/libart.so (ExecuteMterpImpl+14228) +</pre> + +<p>Frames #22-#27 are the interpreter implementation, making a method invocation from interpreted +code to a compiled method.</p> + +<pre class="devsite-click-to-copy"> + #28 pc 00000000003ed69e /system/priv-app/Velvet/Velvet.apk (com.google.android.apps.gsa.shared.util.concurrent.b.e.run+22) +</pre> + +<p>Frame #28 is the Java code being interpreted.</p> + +<pre class="devsite-click-to-copy"> + #29 pc 00000000002547a8 /system/lib64/libart.so (_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_6JValueEb.llvm.780698333+496) + #30 pc 0000000000519fd8 /system/lib64/libart.so (artQuickToInterpreterBridge+1032) + #31 pc 00000000005630fc /system/lib64/libart.so (art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge+92) +</pre> + +<p>Frames #29-#31 are another transition between compiled code and interpreted code.</p> + +<pre class="devsite-click-to-copy"> + #32 pc 0000000000329284 /system/framework/arm64/boot.oat (offset 0xdc000) (java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker+996) + #33 pc 00000000003262a0 /system/framework/arm64/boot.oat (offset 0xdc000) (java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run+64) + #34 pc 00000000002037e8 /system/framework/arm64/boot.oat (offset 0xdc000) (java.lang.Thread.run+72) +</pre> + +<p>Frames #32-#34 are compiled Java frames calling each other directly. In this case the native call +stack is the same as the Java call stack.</p> + +<pre class="devsite-click-to-copy"> + #35 pc 0000000000559f88 /system/lib64/libart.so (art_quick_invoke_stub+584) + #36 pc 00000000000ced40 /system/lib64/libart.so (art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char const*)+200) + #37 pc 0000000000280cf0 /system/lib64/libart.so (art::interpreter::ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(art::Thread*, art::ArtMethod*, art::ShadowFrame*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+344) + #38 pc 000000000027acac /system/lib64/libart.so (bool art::interpreter::DoCall<false, false>(art::ArtMethod*, art::Thread*, art::ShadowFrame&, art::Instruction const*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+948) + #39 pc 0000000000529f10 /system/lib64/libart.so (MterpInvokeSuper+1408) + #40 pc 000000000054c594 /system/lib64/libart.so (ExecuteMterpImpl+14356) +</pre> + +<p>Frames #35-#40 are the interpreter itself.</p> + +<pre class="devsite-click-to-copy"> + #41 pc 00000000003ed8e0 /system/priv-app/Velvet/Velvet.apk (com.google.android.apps.gsa.shared.util.concurrent.b.i.run+20) +</pre> + +<p>Frame #41 is the Java code being interpreted.</p> + +<pre class="devsite-click-to-copy"> + #42 pc 00000000002547a8 /system/lib64/libart.so (_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_6JValueEb.llvm.780698333+496) + #43 pc 0000000000519fd8 /system/lib64/libart.so (artQuickToInterpreterBridge+1032) + #44 pc 00000000005630fc /system/lib64/libart.so (art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge+92) + #45 pc 0000000000559f88 /system/lib64/libart.so (art_quick_invoke_stub+584) + #46 pc 00000000000ced40 /system/lib64/libart.so (art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char const*)+200) + #47 pc 0000000000460d18 /system/lib64/libart.so (art::(anonymous namespace)::InvokeWithArgArray(art::ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnable const&, art::ArtMethod*, art::(anonymous namespace)::ArgArray*, art::JValue*, char const*)+104) + #48 pc 0000000000461de0 /system/lib64/libart.so (art::InvokeVirtualOrInterfaceWithJValues(art::ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnable const&, _jobject*, _jmethodID*, jvalue*)+424) + #49 pc 000000000048ccb0 /system/lib64/libart.so (art::Thread::CreateCallback(void*)+1120) +</pre> + +<p>Frames #42-#49 are the VM itself. This time it's the code that starts running Java on a new thread.</p> + +<pre class="devsite-click-to-copy"> + #50 pc 0000000000082e24 /system/lib64/libc.so (__pthread_start(void*)+36) + #51 pc 00000000000233bc /system/lib64/libc.so (__start_thread+68) +</pre> + +<p>Frames #50-#51 are how all threads should actually start. This is the <code>libc</code> +new thread start code. +A handy tip is that you know you have a successful and complete unwind if you see these frames. +Any time you don't see these frames at the bottom of your stack, you should be suspicious that +you're either looking at a truncated stack or at a corrupted stack: you shouldn't blindly +assume that the stack is correct if it doesn't end this way.</p> + </body> </html> |