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diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/genetics/Population.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/math3/genetics/Population.java
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+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.math3.genetics;
+
+import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NumberIsTooLargeException;
+
+/**
+ * A collection of chromosomes that facilitates generational evolution.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0
+ */
+public interface Population extends Iterable<Chromosome> {
+    /**
+     * Access the current population size.
+     *
+     * @return the current population size.
+     */
+    int getPopulationSize();
+
+    /**
+     * Access the maximum population size.
+     *
+     * @return the maximum population size.
+     */
+    int getPopulationLimit();
+
+    /**
+     * Start the population for the next generation.
+     *
+     * @return the beginnings of the next generation.
+     */
+    Population nextGeneration();
+
+    /**
+     * Add the given chromosome to the population.
+     *
+     * @param chromosome the chromosome to add.
+     * @throws NumberIsTooLargeException if the population would exceed the population limit when
+     *     adding this chromosome
+     */
+    void addChromosome(Chromosome chromosome) throws NumberIsTooLargeException;
+
+    /**
+     * Access the fittest chromosome in this population.
+     *
+     * @return the fittest chromosome.
+     */
+    Chromosome getFittestChromosome();
+}