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+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.math3.linear;
+
+/**
+ * Interface handling decomposition algorithms that can solve A × X = B.
+ *
+ * <p>Decomposition algorithms decompose an A matrix has a product of several specific matrices from
+ * which they can solve A &times; X = B in least squares sense: they find X such that ||A &times; X
+ * - B|| is minimal.
+ *
+ * <p>Some solvers like {@link LUDecomposition} can only find the solution for square matrices and
+ * when the solution is an exact linear solution, i.e. when ||A &times; X - B|| is exactly 0. Other
+ * solvers can also find solutions with non-square matrix A and with non-null minimal norm. If an
+ * exact linear solution exists it is also the minimal norm solution.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0
+ */
+public interface DecompositionSolver {
+
+ /**
+ * Solve the linear equation A &times; X = B for matrices A.
+ *
+ * <p>The A matrix is implicit, it is provided by the underlying decomposition algorithm.
+ *
+ * @param b right-hand side of the equation A &times; X = B
+ * @return a vector X that minimizes the two norm of A &times; X - B
+ * @throws org.apache.commons.math3.exception.DimensionMismatchException if the matrices
+ * dimensions do not match.
+ * @throws SingularMatrixException if the decomposed matrix is singular.
+ */
+ RealVector solve(final RealVector b) throws SingularMatrixException;
+
+ /**
+ * Solve the linear equation A &times; X = B for matrices A.
+ *
+ * <p>The A matrix is implicit, it is provided by the underlying decomposition algorithm.
+ *
+ * @param b right-hand side of the equation A &times; X = B
+ * @return a matrix X that minimizes the two norm of A &times; X - B
+ * @throws org.apache.commons.math3.exception.DimensionMismatchException if the matrices
+ * dimensions do not match.
+ * @throws SingularMatrixException if the decomposed matrix is singular.
+ */
+ RealMatrix solve(final RealMatrix b) throws SingularMatrixException;
+
+ /**
+ * Check if the decomposed matrix is non-singular.
+ *
+ * @return true if the decomposed matrix is non-singular.
+ */
+ boolean isNonSingular();
+
+ /**
+ * Get the <a
+ * href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%E2%80%93Penrose_pseudoinverse">pseudo-inverse</a> of
+ * the decomposed matrix.
+ *
+ * <p><em>This is equal to the inverse of the decomposed matrix, if such an inverse exists.</em>
+ *
+ * <p>If no such inverse exists, then the result has properties that resemble that of an
+ * inverse.
+ *
+ * <p>In particular, in this case, if the decomposed matrix is A, then the system of equations
+ * \( A x = b \) may have no solutions, or many. If it has no solutions, then the pseudo-inverse
+ * \( A^+ \) gives the "closest" solution \( z = A^+ b \), meaning \( \left \| A z - b \right
+ * \|_2 \) is minimized. If there are many solutions, then \( z = A^+ b \) is the smallest
+ * solution, meaning \( \left \| z \right \|_2 \) is minimized.
+ *
+ * <p>Note however that some decompositions cannot compute a pseudo-inverse for all matrices.
+ * For example, the {@link LUDecomposition} is not defined for non-square matrices to begin
+ * with. The {@link QRDecomposition} can operate on non-square matrices, but will throw {@link
+ * SingularMatrixException} if the decomposed matrix is singular. Refer to the javadoc of
+ * specific decomposition implementations for more details.
+ *
+ * @return pseudo-inverse matrix (which is the inverse, if it exists), if the decomposition can
+ * pseudo-invert the decomposed matrix
+ * @throws SingularMatrixException if the decomposed matrix is singular and the decomposition
+ * can not compute a pseudo-inverse
+ */
+ RealMatrix getInverse() throws SingularMatrixException;
+}