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+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.math3.ode.nonstiff;
+
+import org.apache.commons.math3.Field;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.RealFieldElement;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.ode.FieldEquationsMapper;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.ode.FieldODEStateAndDerivative;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.util.MathArrays;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.util.MathUtils;
+
+
+/**
+ * This class implements the 5(4) Higham and Hall integrator for
+ * Ordinary Differential Equations.
+ *
+ * <p>This integrator is an embedded Runge-Kutta integrator
+ * of order 5(4) used in local extrapolation mode (i.e. the solution
+ * is computed using the high order formula) with stepsize control
+ * (and automatic step initialization) and continuous output. This
+ * method uses 7 functions evaluations per step.</p>
+ *
+ * @param <T> the type of the field elements
+ * @since 3.6
+ */
+
+public class HighamHall54FieldIntegrator<T extends RealFieldElement<T>>
+ extends EmbeddedRungeKuttaFieldIntegrator<T> {
+
+ /** Integrator method name. */
+ private static final String METHOD_NAME = "Higham-Hall 5(4)";
+
+ /** Error weights Butcher array. */
+ private final T[] e ;
+
+ /** Simple constructor.
+ * Build a fifth order Higham and Hall integrator with the given step bounds
+ * @param field field to which the time and state vector elements belong
+ * @param minStep minimal step (sign is irrelevant, regardless of
+ * integration direction, forward or backward), the last step can
+ * be smaller than this
+ * @param maxStep maximal step (sign is irrelevant, regardless of
+ * integration direction, forward or backward), the last step can
+ * be smaller than this
+ * @param scalAbsoluteTolerance allowed absolute error
+ * @param scalRelativeTolerance allowed relative error
+ */
+ public HighamHall54FieldIntegrator(final Field<T> field,
+ final double minStep, final double maxStep,
+ final double scalAbsoluteTolerance,
+ final double scalRelativeTolerance) {
+ super(field, METHOD_NAME, -1,
+ minStep, maxStep, scalAbsoluteTolerance, scalRelativeTolerance);
+ e = MathArrays.buildArray(field, 7);
+ e[0] = fraction(-1, 20);
+ e[1] = field.getZero();
+ e[2] = fraction(81, 160);
+ e[3] = fraction(-6, 5);
+ e[4] = fraction(25, 32);
+ e[5] = fraction( 1, 16);
+ e[6] = fraction(-1, 10);
+ }
+
+ /** Simple constructor.
+ * Build a fifth order Higham and Hall integrator with the given step bounds
+ * @param field field to which the time and state vector elements belong
+ * @param minStep minimal step (sign is irrelevant, regardless of
+ * integration direction, forward or backward), the last step can
+ * be smaller than this
+ * @param maxStep maximal step (sign is irrelevant, regardless of
+ * integration direction, forward or backward), the last step can
+ * be smaller than this
+ * @param vecAbsoluteTolerance allowed absolute error
+ * @param vecRelativeTolerance allowed relative error
+ */
+ public HighamHall54FieldIntegrator(final Field<T> field,
+ final double minStep, final double maxStep,
+ final double[] vecAbsoluteTolerance,
+ final double[] vecRelativeTolerance) {
+ super(field, METHOD_NAME, -1,
+ minStep, maxStep, vecAbsoluteTolerance, vecRelativeTolerance);
+ e = MathArrays.buildArray(field, 7);
+ e[0] = fraction(-1, 20);
+ e[1] = field.getZero();
+ e[2] = fraction(81, 160);
+ e[3] = fraction(-6, 5);
+ e[4] = fraction(25, 32);
+ e[5] = fraction( 1, 16);
+ e[6] = fraction(-1, 10);
+ }
+
+ /** {@inheritDoc} */
+ public T[] getC() {
+ final T[] c = MathArrays.buildArray(getField(), 6);
+ c[0] = fraction(2, 9);
+ c[1] = fraction(1, 3);
+ c[2] = fraction(1, 2);
+ c[3] = fraction(3, 5);
+ c[4] = getField().getOne();
+ c[5] = getField().getOne();
+ return c;
+ }
+
+ /** {@inheritDoc} */
+ public T[][] getA() {
+ final T[][] a = MathArrays.buildArray(getField(), 6, -1);
+ for (int i = 0; i < a.length; ++i) {
+ a[i] = MathArrays.buildArray(getField(), i + 1);
+ }
+ a[0][0] = fraction( 2, 9);
+ a[1][0] = fraction( 1, 12);
+ a[1][1] = fraction( 1, 4);
+ a[2][0] = fraction( 1, 8);
+ a[2][1] = getField().getZero();
+ a[2][2] = fraction( 3, 8);
+ a[3][0] = fraction( 91, 500);
+ a[3][1] = fraction( -27, 100);
+ a[3][2] = fraction( 78, 125);
+ a[3][3] = fraction( 8, 125);
+ a[4][0] = fraction( -11, 20);
+ a[4][1] = fraction( 27, 20);
+ a[4][2] = fraction( 12, 5);
+ a[4][3] = fraction( -36, 5);
+ a[4][4] = fraction( 5, 1);
+ a[5][0] = fraction( 1, 12);
+ a[5][1] = getField().getZero();
+ a[5][2] = fraction( 27, 32);
+ a[5][3] = fraction( -4, 3);
+ a[5][4] = fraction( 125, 96);
+ a[5][5] = fraction( 5, 48);
+ return a;
+ }
+
+ /** {@inheritDoc} */
+ public T[] getB() {
+ final T[] b = MathArrays.buildArray(getField(), 7);
+ b[0] = fraction( 1, 12);
+ b[1] = getField().getZero();
+ b[2] = fraction( 27, 32);
+ b[3] = fraction( -4, 3);
+ b[4] = fraction(125, 96);
+ b[5] = fraction( 5, 48);
+ b[6] = getField().getZero();
+ return b;
+ }
+
+ /** {@inheritDoc} */
+ @Override
+ protected HighamHall54FieldStepInterpolator<T>
+ createInterpolator(final boolean forward, T[][] yDotK,
+ final FieldODEStateAndDerivative<T> globalPreviousState,
+ final FieldODEStateAndDerivative<T> globalCurrentState, final FieldEquationsMapper<T> mapper) {
+ return new HighamHall54FieldStepInterpolator<T>(getField(), forward, yDotK,
+ globalPreviousState, globalCurrentState,
+ globalPreviousState, globalCurrentState,
+ mapper);
+ }
+
+ /** {@inheritDoc} */
+ @Override
+ public int getOrder() {
+ return 5;
+ }
+
+ /** {@inheritDoc} */
+ @Override
+ protected T estimateError(final T[][] yDotK, final T[] y0, final T[] y1, final T h) {
+
+ T error = getField().getZero();
+
+ for (int j = 0; j < mainSetDimension; ++j) {
+ T errSum = yDotK[0][j].multiply(e[0]);
+ for (int l = 1; l < e.length; ++l) {
+ errSum = errSum.add(yDotK[l][j].multiply(e[l]));
+ }
+
+ final T yScale = MathUtils.max(y0[j].abs(), y1[j].abs());
+ final T tol = (vecAbsoluteTolerance == null) ?
+ yScale.multiply(scalRelativeTolerance).add(scalAbsoluteTolerance) :
+ yScale.multiply(vecRelativeTolerance[j]).add(vecAbsoluteTolerance[j]);
+ final T ratio = h.multiply(errSum).divide(tol);
+ error = error.add(ratio.multiply(ratio));
+
+ }
+
+ return error.divide(mainSetDimension).sqrt();
+
+ }
+
+}