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+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.math3.stat.descriptive.moment;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+
+import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NullArgumentException;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.util.MathUtils;
+
+/**
+ * Computes a statistic related to the Fourth Central Moment. Specifically,
+ * what is computed is the sum of
+ * <p>
+ * (x_i - xbar) ^ 4, </p>
+ * <p>
+ * where the x_i are the
+ * sample observations and xbar is the sample mean. </p>
+ * <p>
+ * The following recursive updating formula is used: </p>
+ * <p>
+ * Let <ul>
+ * <li> dev = (current obs - previous mean) </li>
+ * <li> m2 = previous value of {@link SecondMoment} </li>
+ * <li> m2 = previous value of {@link ThirdMoment} </li>
+ * <li> n = number of observations (including current obs) </li>
+ * </ul>
+ * Then </p>
+ * <p>
+ * new value = old value - 4 * (dev/n) * m3 + 6 * (dev/n)^2 * m2 + <br>
+ * [n^2 - 3 * (n-1)] * dev^4 * (n-1) / n^3 </p>
+ * <p>
+ * Returns <code>Double.NaN</code> if no data values have been added and
+ * returns <code>0</code> if there is just one value in the data set. Note that
+ * Double.NaN may also be returned if the input includes NaN and / or infinite
+ * values. </p>
+ * <p>
+ * <strong>Note that this implementation is not synchronized.</strong> If
+ * multiple threads access an instance of this class concurrently, and at least
+ * one of the threads invokes the <code>increment()</code> or
+ * <code>clear()</code> method, it must be synchronized externally. </p>
+ *
+ */
+class FourthMoment extends ThirdMoment implements Serializable{
+
+ /** Serializable version identifier */
+ private static final long serialVersionUID = 4763990447117157611L;
+
+ /** fourth moment of values that have been added */
+ private double m4;
+
+ /**
+ * Create a FourthMoment instance
+ */
+ FourthMoment() {
+ super();
+ m4 = Double.NaN;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Copy constructor, creates a new {@code FourthMoment} identical
+ * to the {@code original}
+ *
+ * @param original the {@code FourthMoment} instance to copy
+ * @throws NullArgumentException if original is null
+ */
+ FourthMoment(FourthMoment original) throws NullArgumentException {
+ super();
+ copy(original, this);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * {@inheritDoc}
+ */
+ @Override
+ public void increment(final double d) {
+ if (n < 1) {
+ m4 = 0.0;
+ m3 = 0.0;
+ m2 = 0.0;
+ m1 = 0.0;
+ }
+
+ double prevM3 = m3;
+ double prevM2 = m2;
+
+ super.increment(d);
+
+ double n0 = n;
+
+ m4 = m4 - 4.0 * nDev * prevM3 + 6.0 * nDevSq * prevM2 +
+ ((n0 * n0) - 3 * (n0 -1)) * (nDevSq * nDevSq * (n0 - 1) * n0);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * {@inheritDoc}
+ */
+ @Override
+ public double getResult() {
+ return m4;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * {@inheritDoc}
+ */
+ @Override
+ public void clear() {
+ super.clear();
+ m4 = Double.NaN;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * {@inheritDoc}
+ */
+ @Override
+ public FourthMoment copy() {
+ FourthMoment result = new FourthMoment();
+ // No try-catch or advertised exception because args are guaranteed non-null
+ copy(this, result);
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Copies source to dest.
+ * <p>Neither source nor dest can be null.</p>
+ *
+ * @param source FourthMoment to copy
+ * @param dest FourthMoment to copy to
+ * @throws NullArgumentException if either source or dest is null
+ */
+ public static void copy(FourthMoment source, FourthMoment dest)
+ throws NullArgumentException {
+ MathUtils.checkNotNull(source);
+ MathUtils.checkNotNull(dest);
+ ThirdMoment.copy(source, dest);
+ dest.m4 = source.m4;
+ }
+}