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diff --git a/src/fipstools/cavp_aes_test.cc b/src/fipstools/cavp_aes_test.cc
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+/* Copyright (c) 2017, Google Inc.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+ * SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
+ * CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. */
+
+// cavp_aes_test processes a NIST CAVP AES test vector request file and emits
+// the corresponding response.
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include <openssl/cipher.h>
+#include <openssl/crypto.h>
+#include <openssl/err.h>
+
+#include "../crypto/test/file_test.h"
+#include "cavp_test_util.h"
+
+
+namespace {
+
+struct TestCtx {
+  const EVP_CIPHER *cipher;
+  bool has_iv;
+  enum Mode {
+    kKAT,  // Known Answer Test
+    kMCT,  // Monte Carlo Test
+  };
+  Mode mode;
+};
+
+}
+
+static bool MonteCarlo(const TestCtx *ctx, FileTest *t,
+                       const EVP_CIPHER *cipher, std::vector<uint8_t> *out,
+                       bool encrypt, std::vector<uint8_t> key,
+                       std::vector<uint8_t> iv, std::vector<uint8_t> in) {
+  const std::string in_label = encrypt ? "PLAINTEXT" : "CIPHERTEXT",
+                    result_label = encrypt ? "CIPHERTEXT" : "PLAINTEXT";
+  std::vector<uint8_t> prev_result, result, prev_in;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+    printf("COUNT = %d\r\nKEY = %s\r\n", i,
+           EncodeHex(key.data(), key.size()).c_str());
+    if (ctx->has_iv) {
+      printf("IV = %s\r\n", EncodeHex(iv.data(), iv.size()).c_str());
+    }
+    printf("%s = %s\r\n", in_label.c_str(),
+           EncodeHex(in.data(), in.size()).c_str());
+
+    if (!ctx->has_iv) {  // ECB mode
+      for (int j = 0; j < 1000; j++) {
+        prev_result = result;
+        if (!CipherOperation(cipher, &result, encrypt, key, iv, in)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        in = result;
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int j = 0; j < 1000; j++) {
+        prev_result = result;
+        if (j > 0) {
+          if (encrypt) {
+            iv = result;
+          } else {
+            iv = prev_in;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (!CipherOperation(cipher, &result, encrypt, key, iv, in)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        prev_in = in;
+
+        if (j == 0) {
+          in = iv;
+        } else {
+          in = prev_result;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    printf("%s = %s\r\n\r\n", result_label.c_str(),
+           EncodeHex(result.data(), result.size()).c_str());
+
+    const size_t key_len = key.size() * 8;
+    if (key_len == 128) {
+      for (size_t k = 0; k < key.size(); k++) {
+        key[k] ^= result[k];
+      }
+    } else if (key_len == 192) {
+      for (size_t k = 0; k < key.size(); k++) {
+        // Key[i+1] = Key[i] xor (last 64-bits of CT[j-1] || CT[j])
+        if (k < 8) {
+          key[k] ^= prev_result[prev_result.size() - 8 + k];
+        } else {
+          key[k] ^= result[k - 8];
+        }
+      }
+    } else {  // key_len == 256
+      for (size_t k = 0; k < key.size(); k++) {
+        // Key[i+1] = Key[i] xor (CT[j-1] || CT[j])
+        if (k < 16) {
+          key[k] ^= prev_result[k];
+        } else {
+          key[k] ^= result[k - 16];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->has_iv) {
+      iv = result;
+      in = prev_result;
+    } else {
+      in = result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool TestCipher(FileTest *t, void *arg) {
+  TestCtx *ctx = reinterpret_cast<TestCtx *>(arg);
+
+  if (t->HasInstruction("ENCRYPT") == t->HasInstruction("DECRYPT")) {
+    t->PrintLine("Want either ENCRYPT or DECRYPT");
+    return false;
+  }
+  enum {
+    kEncrypt,
+    kDecrypt,
+  } operation = t->HasInstruction("ENCRYPT") ? kEncrypt : kDecrypt;
+
+  std::string count;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> key, iv, in, result;
+  if (!t->GetAttribute(&count, "COUNT") ||
+      !t->GetBytes(&key, "KEY") ||
+      (ctx->has_iv && !t->GetBytes(&iv, "IV"))) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const EVP_CIPHER *cipher = ctx->cipher;
+  if (operation == kEncrypt) {
+    if (!t->GetBytes(&in, "PLAINTEXT")) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {  // operation == kDecrypt
+    if (!t->GetBytes(&in, "CIPHERTEXT")) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ctx->mode == TestCtx::kKAT) {
+    if (!CipherOperation(cipher, &result, operation == kEncrypt, key, iv, in)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    const std::string label =
+        operation == kEncrypt ? "CIPHERTEXT" : "PLAINTEXT";
+    printf("%s%s = %s\r\n\r\n", t->CurrentTestToString().c_str(), label.c_str(),
+           EncodeHex(result.data(), result.size()).c_str());
+  } else {  // ctx->mode == kMCT
+    const std::string op_label =
+        operation == kEncrypt ? "[ENCRYPT]" : "[DECRYPT]";
+    printf("%s\r\n\r\n", op_label.c_str());
+    if (!MonteCarlo(ctx, t, cipher, &result, operation == kEncrypt, key, iv,
+                    in)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (operation == kEncrypt) {
+      // MCT tests contain a stray blank line after the ENCRYPT section.
+      printf("\r\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static int usage(char *arg) {
+  fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s (kat|mct) <cipher> <test file>\n", arg);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+int cavp_aes_test_main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  if (argc != 4) {
+    return usage(argv[0]);
+  }
+
+  const std::string tm(argv[1]);
+  enum TestCtx::Mode test_mode;
+  if (tm == "kat") {
+    test_mode = TestCtx::kKAT;
+  } else if (tm == "mct") {
+    test_mode = TestCtx::kMCT;
+  } else {
+    fprintf(stderr, "invalid test_mode: %s\n", tm.c_str());
+    return usage(argv[0]);
+  }
+
+  const std::string cipher_name(argv[2]);
+  const EVP_CIPHER *cipher = GetCipher(argv[2]);
+  if (cipher == nullptr) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "invalid cipher: %s\n", argv[2]);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  const bool has_iv =
+      (cipher_name != "aes-128-ecb" &&
+       cipher_name != "aes-192-ecb" &&
+       cipher_name != "aes-256-ecb");
+
+  TestCtx ctx = {cipher, has_iv, test_mode};
+
+  FileTest::Options opts;
+  opts.path = argv[3];
+  opts.callback = TestCipher;
+  opts.arg = &ctx;
+  opts.silent = true;
+  opts.comment_callback = EchoComment;
+  return FileTestMain(opts);
+}