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+// Copyright 2018 The Abseil Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// File: sample_recorder.h
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//
+// This header file defines a lock-free linked list for recording samples
+// collected from a random/stochastic process.
+//
+// This utility is internal-only. Use at your own risk.
+
+#ifndef ABSL_PROFILING_INTERNAL_SAMPLE_RECORDER_H_
+#define ABSL_PROFILING_INTERNAL_SAMPLE_RECORDER_H_
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "absl/base/config.h"
+#include "absl/base/thread_annotations.h"
+#include "absl/synchronization/mutex.h"
+#include "absl/time/time.h"
+
+namespace absl {
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace profiling_internal {
+
+// Sample<T> that has members required for linking samples in the linked list of
+// samples maintained by the SampleRecorder. Type T defines the sampled data.
+template <typename T>
+struct Sample {
+ // Guards the ability to restore the sample to a pristine state. This
+ // prevents races with sampling and resurrecting an object.
+ absl::Mutex init_mu;
+ T* next = nullptr;
+ T* dead ABSL_GUARDED_BY(init_mu) = nullptr;
+};
+
+// Holds samples and their associated stack traces with a soft limit of
+// `SetHashtablezMaxSamples()`.
+//
+// Thread safe.
+template <typename T>
+class SampleRecorder {
+ public:
+ SampleRecorder();
+ ~SampleRecorder();
+
+ // Registers for sampling. Returns an opaque registration info.
+ T* Register();
+
+ // Unregisters the sample.
+ void Unregister(T* sample);
+
+ // The dispose callback will be called on all samples the moment they are
+ // being unregistered. Only affects samples that are unregistered after the
+ // callback has been set.
+ // Returns the previous callback.
+ using DisposeCallback = void (*)(const T&);
+ DisposeCallback SetDisposeCallback(DisposeCallback f);
+
+ // Iterates over all the registered `StackInfo`s. Returning the number of
+ // samples that have been dropped.
+ int64_t Iterate(const std::function<void(const T& stack)>& f);
+
+ void SetMaxSamples(int32_t max);
+
+ private:
+ void PushNew(T* sample);
+ void PushDead(T* sample);
+ T* PopDead();
+
+ std::atomic<size_t> dropped_samples_;
+ std::atomic<size_t> size_estimate_;
+ std::atomic<int32_t> max_samples_{1 << 20};
+
+ // Intrusive lock free linked lists for tracking samples.
+ //
+ // `all_` records all samples (they are never removed from this list) and is
+ // terminated with a `nullptr`.
+ //
+ // `graveyard_.dead` is a circular linked list. When it is empty,
+ // `graveyard_.dead == &graveyard`. The list is circular so that
+ // every item on it (even the last) has a non-null dead pointer. This allows
+ // `Iterate` to determine if a given sample is live or dead using only
+ // information on the sample itself.
+ //
+ // For example, nodes [A, B, C, D, E] with [A, C, E] alive and [B, D] dead
+ // looks like this (G is the Graveyard):
+ //
+ // +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
+ // all -->| A |--->| B |--->| C |--->| D |--->| E |
+ // | | | | | | | | | |
+ // +---+ | | +->| |-+ | | +->| |-+ | |
+ // | G | +---+ | +---+ | +---+ | +---+ | +---+
+ // | | | | | |
+ // | | --------+ +--------+ |
+ // +---+ |
+ // ^ |
+ // +--------------------------------------+
+ //
+ std::atomic<T*> all_;
+ T graveyard_;
+
+ std::atomic<DisposeCallback> dispose_;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+typename SampleRecorder<T>::DisposeCallback
+SampleRecorder<T>::SetDisposeCallback(DisposeCallback f) {
+ return dispose_.exchange(f, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+SampleRecorder<T>::SampleRecorder()
+ : dropped_samples_(0), size_estimate_(0), all_(nullptr), dispose_(nullptr) {
+ absl::MutexLock l(&graveyard_.init_mu);
+ graveyard_.dead = &graveyard_;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+SampleRecorder<T>::~SampleRecorder() {
+ T* s = all_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+ while (s != nullptr) {
+ T* next = s->next;
+ delete s;
+ s = next;
+ }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void SampleRecorder<T>::PushNew(T* sample) {
+ sample->next = all_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+ while (!all_.compare_exchange_weak(sample->next, sample,
+ std::memory_order_release,
+ std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+ }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void SampleRecorder<T>::PushDead(T* sample) {
+ if (auto* dispose = dispose_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+ dispose(*sample);
+ }
+
+ absl::MutexLock graveyard_lock(&graveyard_.init_mu);
+ absl::MutexLock sample_lock(&sample->init_mu);
+ sample->dead = graveyard_.dead;
+ graveyard_.dead = sample;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+T* SampleRecorder<T>::PopDead() {
+ absl::MutexLock graveyard_lock(&graveyard_.init_mu);
+
+ // The list is circular, so eventually it collapses down to
+ // graveyard_.dead == &graveyard_
+ // when it is empty.
+ T* sample = graveyard_.dead;
+ if (sample == &graveyard_) return nullptr;
+
+ absl::MutexLock sample_lock(&sample->init_mu);
+ graveyard_.dead = sample->dead;
+ sample->dead = nullptr;
+ sample->PrepareForSampling();
+ return sample;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+T* SampleRecorder<T>::Register() {
+ int64_t size = size_estimate_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+ if (size > max_samples_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+ size_estimate_.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+ dropped_samples_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+ return nullptr;
+ }
+
+ T* sample = PopDead();
+ if (sample == nullptr) {
+ // Resurrection failed. Hire a new warlock.
+ sample = new T();
+ PushNew(sample);
+ }
+
+ return sample;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void SampleRecorder<T>::Unregister(T* sample) {
+ PushDead(sample);
+ size_estimate_.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+int64_t SampleRecorder<T>::Iterate(
+ const std::function<void(const T& stack)>& f) {
+ T* s = all_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+ while (s != nullptr) {
+ absl::MutexLock l(&s->init_mu);
+ if (s->dead == nullptr) {
+ f(*s);
+ }
+ s = s->next;
+ }
+
+ return dropped_samples_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void SampleRecorder<T>::SetMaxSamples(int32_t max) {
+ max_samples_.store(max, std::memory_order_release);
+}
+
+} // namespace profiling_internal
+ABSL_NAMESPACE_END
+} // namespace absl
+
+#endif // ABSL_PROFILING_INTERNAL_SAMPLE_RECORDER_H_