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+/*
+ * Copyright 2015 The WebRTC Project Authors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
+ * that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
+ * tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
+ * in the file PATENTS. All contributing project authors may
+ * be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
+ */
+
+#ifndef WEBRTC_BASE_OPTIONAL_H_
+#define WEBRTC_BASE_OPTIONAL_H_
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "webrtc/base/checks.h"
+
+namespace rtc {
+
+// Simple std::experimental::optional-wannabe. It either contains a T or not.
+// In order to keep the implementation simple and portable, this implementation
+// actually contains a (default-constructed) T even when it supposedly doesn't
+// contain a value; use e.g. rtc::scoped_ptr<T> instead if that's too
+// expensive.
+//
+// A moved-from Optional<T> may only be destroyed, and assigned to if T allows
+// being assigned to after having been moved from. Specifically, you may not
+// assume that it just doesn't contain a value anymore.
+//
+// Examples of good places to use Optional:
+//
+// - As a class or struct member, when the member doesn't always have a value:
+// struct Prisoner {
+// std::string name;
+// Optional<int> cell_number; // Empty if not currently incarcerated.
+// };
+//
+// - As a return value for functions that may fail to return a value on all
+// allowed inputs. For example, a function that searches an array might
+// return an Optional<size_t> (the index where it found the element, or
+// nothing if it didn't find it); and a function that parses numbers might
+// return Optional<double> (the parsed number, or nothing if parsing failed).
+//
+// Examples of bad places to use Optional:
+//
+// - As a return value for functions that may fail because of disallowed
+// inputs. For example, a string length function should not return
+// Optional<size_t> so that it can return nothing in case the caller passed
+// it a null pointer; the function should probably use RTC_[D]CHECK instead,
+// and return plain size_t.
+//
+// - As a return value for functions that may fail to return a value on all
+// allowed inputs, but need to tell the caller what went wrong. Returning
+// Optional<double> when parsing a single number as in the example above
+// might make sense, but any larger parse job is probably going to need to
+// tell the caller what the problem was, not just that there was one.
+//
+// TODO(kwiberg): Get rid of this class when the standard library has
+// std::optional (and we're allowed to use it).
+template <typename T>
+class Optional final {
+ public:
+ // Construct an empty Optional.
+ Optional() : has_value_(false) {}
+
+ // Construct an Optional that contains a value.
+ explicit Optional(const T& val) : value_(val), has_value_(true) {}
+ explicit Optional(T&& val) : value_(std::move(val)), has_value_(true) {}
+
+ // Copy and move constructors.
+ // TODO(kwiberg): =default the move constructor when MSVC supports it.
+ Optional(const Optional&) = default;
+ Optional(Optional&& m)
+ : value_(std::move(m.value_)), has_value_(m.has_value_) {}
+
+ // Assignment.
+ // TODO(kwiberg): =default the move assignment op when MSVC supports it.
+ Optional& operator=(const Optional&) = default;
+ Optional& operator=(Optional&& m) {
+ value_ = std::move(m.value_);
+ has_value_ = m.has_value_;
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ friend void swap(Optional& m1, Optional& m2) {
+ using std::swap;
+ swap(m1.value_, m2.value_);
+ swap(m1.has_value_, m2.has_value_);
+ }
+
+ // Conversion to bool to test if we have a value.
+ explicit operator bool() const { return has_value_; }
+
+ // Dereferencing. Only allowed if we have a value.
+ const T* operator->() const {
+ RTC_DCHECK(has_value_);
+ return &value_;
+ }
+ T* operator->() {
+ RTC_DCHECK(has_value_);
+ return &value_;
+ }
+ const T& operator*() const {
+ RTC_DCHECK(has_value_);
+ return value_;
+ }
+ T& operator*() {
+ RTC_DCHECK(has_value_);
+ return value_;
+ }
+
+ // Dereference with a default value in case we don't have a value.
+ const T& value_or(const T& default_val) const {
+ return has_value_ ? value_ : default_val;
+ }
+
+ // Equality tests. Two Optionals are equal if they contain equivalent values,
+ // or
+ // if they're both empty.
+ friend bool operator==(const Optional& m1, const Optional& m2) {
+ return m1.has_value_ && m2.has_value_ ? m1.value_ == m2.value_
+ : m1.has_value_ == m2.has_value_;
+ }
+ friend bool operator!=(const Optional& m1, const Optional& m2) {
+ return m1.has_value_ && m2.has_value_ ? m1.value_ != m2.value_
+ : m1.has_value_ != m2.has_value_;
+ }
+
+ private:
+ // Invariant: Unless *this has been moved from, value_ is default-initialized
+ // (or copied or moved from a default-initialized T) if !has_value_.
+ T value_;
+ bool has_value_;
+};
+
+} // namespace rtc
+
+#endif // WEBRTC_BASE_OPTIONAL_H_