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-The Python Debugger Pdb
-=======================
-
-To use the debugger in its simplest form:
-
- >>> import pdb
- >>> pdb.run('<a statement>')
-
-The debugger's prompt is '(Pdb) '. This will stop in the first
-function call in <a statement>.
-
-Alternatively, if a statement terminated with an unhandled exception,
-you can use pdb's post-mortem facility to inspect the contents of the
-traceback:
-
- >>> <a statement>
- <exception traceback>
- >>> import pdb
- >>> pdb.pm()
-
-The commands recognized by the debugger are listed in the next
-section. Most can be abbreviated as indicated; e.g., h(elp) means
-that 'help' can be typed as 'h' or 'help' (but not as 'he' or 'hel',
-nor as 'H' or 'Help' or 'HELP'). Optional arguments are enclosed in
-square brackets.
-
-A blank line repeats the previous command literally, except for
-'list', where it lists the next 11 lines.
-
-Commands that the debugger doesn't recognize are assumed to be Python
-statements and are executed in the context of the program being
-debugged. Python statements can also be prefixed with an exclamation
-point ('!'). This is a powerful way to inspect the program being
-debugged; it is even possible to change variables. When an exception
-occurs in such a statement, the exception name is printed but the
-debugger's state is not changed.
-
-The debugger supports aliases, which can save typing. And aliases can
-have parameters (see the alias help entry) which allows one a certain
-level of adaptability to the context under examination.
-
-Multiple commands may be entered on a single line, separated by the
-pair ';;'. No intelligence is applied to separating the commands; the
-input is split at the first ';;', even if it is in the middle of a
-quoted string.
-
-If a file ".pdbrc" exists in your home directory or in the current
-directory, it is read in and executed as if it had been typed at the
-debugger prompt. This is particularly useful for aliases. If both
-files exist, the one in the home directory is read first and aliases
-defined there can be overriden by the local file.
-
-Aside from aliases, the debugger is not directly programmable; but it
-is implemented as a class from which you can derive your own debugger
-class, which you can make as fancy as you like.
-
-
-Debugger commands
-=================
-
-h(elp)
- Without argument, print the list of available commands. With
- a command name as argument, print help about that command
- (this is currently not implemented).
-
-w(here)
- Print a stack trace, with the most recent frame at the bottom.
- An arrow indicates the "current frame", which determines the
- context of most commands.
-
-d(own)
- Move the current frame one level down in the stack trace
- (to a newer frame).
-
-u(p)
- Move the current frame one level up in the stack trace
- (to an older frame).
-
-b(reak) [ ([filename:]lineno | function) [, condition] ]
- With a filename:line number argument, set a break there. If
- filename is omitted, use the current file. With a function
- name, set a break at the first executable line of that
- function. Without argument, list all breaks. Each breakpoint
- is assigned a number to which all the other breakpoint
- commands refer.
-
- The condition argument, if present, is a string which must
- evaluate to true in order for the breakpoint to be honored.
-
-tbreak [ ([filename:]lineno | function) [, condition] ]
- Temporary breakpoint, which is removed automatically when it
- is first hit. The arguments are the same as break.
-
-cl(ear) [bpnumber [bpnumber ...] ]
- With a space separated list of breakpoint numbers, clear those
- breakpoints. Without argument, clear all breaks (but first
- ask confirmation).
-
-disable bpnumber [bpnumber ...]
- Disables the breakpoints given as a space separated list of
- breakpoint numbers. Disabling a breakpoint means it cannot
- cause the program to stop execution, but unlike clearing a
- breakpoint, it remains in the list of breakpoints and can be
- (re-)enabled.
-
-enable bpnumber [bpnumber ...]
- Enables the breakpoints specified.
-
-ignore bpnumber count
- Sets the ignore count for the given breakpoint number. If
- count is omitted, the ignore count is set to 0. A breakpoint
- becomes active when the ignore count is zero. When non-zero,
- the count is decremented each time the breakpoint is reached
- and the breakpoint is not disabled and any associated
- condition evaluates to true.
-
-condition bpnumber condition
- condition is an expression which must evaluate to true before
- the breakpoint is honored. If condition is absent, any
- existing condition is removed; i.e., the breakpoint is made
- unconditional.
-
-s(tep)
- Execute the current line, stop at the first possible occasion
- (either in a function that is called or in the current function).
-
-n(ext)
- Continue execution until the next line in the current function
- is reached or it returns.
-
-unt(il)
- Continue execution until the line with a number greater than the
- current one is reached or until the current frame returns.
-
-r(eturn)
- Continue execution until the current function returns.
-
-run [args...]
- Restart the debugged python program. If a string is supplied it is
- splitted with "shlex", and the result is used as the new sys.argv.
- History, breakpoints, actions and debugger options are preserved.
- "restart" is an alias for "run".
-
-c(ont(inue))
- Continue execution, only stop when a breakpoint is encountered.
-
-l(ist) [first [,last]]
- List source code for the current file.
- Without arguments, list 11 lines around the current line
- or continue the previous listing.
- With one argument, list 11 lines starting at that line.
- With two arguments, list the given range;
- if the second argument is less than the first, it is a count.
-
-a(rgs)
- Print the argument list of the current function.
-
-p expression
- Print the value of the expression.
-
-(!) statement
- Execute the (one-line) statement in the context of the current
- stack frame. The exclamation point can be omitted unless the
- first word of the statement resembles a debugger command. To
- assign to a global variable you must always prefix the command
- with a 'global' command, e.g.:
- (Pdb) global list_options; list_options = ['-l']
- (Pdb)
-
-
-whatis arg
- Prints the type of the argument.
-
-alias [name [command]]
- Creates an alias called 'name' that executes 'command'. The
- command must *not* be enclosed in quotes. Replaceable
- parameters can be indicated by %1, %2, and so on, while %* is
- replaced by all the parameters. If no command is given, the
- current alias for name is shown. If no name is given, all
- aliases are listed.
-
- Aliases may be nested and can contain anything that can be
- legally typed at the pdb prompt. Note! You *can* override
- internal pdb commands with aliases! Those internal commands
- are then hidden until the alias is removed. Aliasing is
- recursively applied to the first word of the command line; all
- other words in the line are left alone.
-
- As an example, here are two useful aliases (especially when
- placed in the .pdbrc file):
-
- #Print instance variables (usage "pi classInst")
- alias pi for k in %1.__dict__.keys(): print "%1.",k,"=",%1.__dict__[k]
- #Print instance variables in self
- alias ps pi self
-
-unalias name
- Deletes the specified alias.
-
-q(uit)
- Quit from the debugger.
- The program being executed is aborted.